Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana i-Positive Positive for HIV?

Umxholo

• Isasazeka njani i-HIV?
• Ukudluliselwa ngesondo
• Ukudluliselwa ngegazi
• Usulelo olusuka kumama luye emntwaneni
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-HIV?
• Yintoni enokuchaphazela iziphumo zakho zovavanyo?
• Into onokuyenza
• Ungaluthintela njani usulelo lwe-HIV okanye usulelo

Ushwankathelo

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yintsholongwane ehlasela amajoni omzimba. Intsholongwane ihlasela ngokukodwa iseti esezantsi yeeseli zeT. Ezi seli zinoxanduva lokulwa usulelo. Xa le ntsholongwane ihlasela ezi seli, iyalinciphisa inani elipheleleyo leeseli ze-T emzimbeni. Oku kuyenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye kunokwenza kube lula ukufumana izifo ezithile.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintsholongwane, amajoni omzimba akakwazi ukuyisusa ngokupheleleyo i-HIV. Oku kuthetha ukuba akuba umntu enentsholongwane, uyakuba nayo ubomi bakhe bonke.

Nangona kunjalo, umntu ophila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo onyango rhoqo lwee-antiretroviral unokulindela ukuba aphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Unyango rhoqo lwe-antiretroviral luyayinciphisa intsholongwane egazini. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu onamanqanaba angabonakaliyo we-HIV akakwazi ukuhambisa i-HIV kwiqabane lakhe ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.

Isasazeka njani i-HIV?

Ukudluliselwa ngesondo

Enye indlela yosulelo i-HIV kukuba neentlobano zesini ngaphandle kwekhondom. Kungenxa yokuba intsholongwane idluliselwa kulwelo oluthile lomzimba, kubandakanya:

• ulwelo lwangaphambi kwesidoda
• isidoda
• Ulwelo lobufazi
• ulwelo lwexande

Le ntsholongwane ingadluliselwa ngokungabinakhondom ngomlomo, ubufazi, kunye nokwabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini. Ukwabelana ngesondo nekhondom kuthintela ukubonakaliswa.

Ukudluliselwa ngegazi

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo inokudluliselwa ngegazi. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu ababelana ngeenaliti okanye ezinye izixhobo zokutofa iziyobisi. Gwema ukwabelana ngeenaliti ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungcola kwe-HIV.

Usulelo olusuka kumama luye emntwaneni

Oomama banokusasaza i-HIV kwiintsana zabo ngexa lokukhulelwa okanye xa bebeleka kulwelo lwangasese. Oomama abane-HIV banokudlulisela le ntsholongwane kubisi lwabo lwebele. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabasetyhini abaphila ne-HIV baneentsana ezisempilweni, ezingenayo i-HIV ngokufumana ukhathalelo olulungileyo lwaphambi kokubeleka kunye nonyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-HIV.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-HIV?

Ababoneleli ngezeMpilo basebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-immunosorbent oludityaniswe ne-enzyme, okanye uvavanyo lwe-ELISA, ukuvavanya i-HIV. Olu vavanyo lubhaqa kwaye lilinganise ii-antibodies ze-HIV egazini. Isampulu yegazi ngokucofa umnwe inokubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo olukhawulezileyo ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30. Isampulu yegazi ngesirinji iya kuthunyelwa kwilebhu yovavanyo. Kuthatha ixesha elide ukufumana iziphumo ngale nkqubo.

Ngokwesiqhelo kuthabatha iiveki ezininzi ukuba umzimba uvelise ii-antibodies zentsholongwane xa sele ingene emzimbeni. Umzimba uvelisa la masosha omzimba kwiiveki ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu emva kokuchaphazeleka kwintsholongwane. Oku kuthetha ukuba uvavanyo lwe-antibody alunakufumanisa nantoni na ngeli xesha. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "lixesha lefestile."

Ukufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo ze-ELISA akuthethi ukuba umntu une-HIV. Ipesenti encinci yabantu inokufumana iziphumo ezibubuxoki. Oku kuthetha ukuba iziphumo zithi banentsholongwane xa bengenayo. Oku kunokwenzeka xa uvavanyo luthatha amanye amajoni omzimba omzimba.

Zonke iziphumo ezilungileyo ziqinisekisiwe kuvavanyo lwesibini. Iimvavanyo ezininzi zokuqinisekisa ziyafumaneka. Ngokwesiqhelo, iziphumo eziqinisekileyo kufuneka ziqinisekiswe kuvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lokwahlulahlula. Olu luvavanyo lwe-antibody olubuthathaka ngakumbi.

Yintoni enokuchaphazela iziphumo zakho zovavanyo?

Uvavanyo lwe-HIV lubuthathaka kakhulu kwaye lunokukhokelela ekubeni ube ne-positive. Uvavanyo olulandelayo lunokuchonga ukuba ingaba umntu unayo na i-HIV. Ukuba ngaba kuvavanyo lwesibini kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba unayo, umntu uthathwa ngokuba une-HIV.

Kuyenzeka ukuba ufumane isiphumo esingeyonyani. Oku kuthetha ukuba iziphumo azibi xa intsholongwane ikho. Oku kwenzeka ngokubanzi ukuba umntu usandula ukufumana i-HIV kwaye avavanywe ngefestile. Eli lixesha phambi kokuba umzimba uqale ukuvelisa ii-antibodies ze-HIV. Ezi ntsholongwane azikho de kube ziiveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu emva kokuvezwa.

Ukuba umntu ufumana isiphumo esingalunganga kodwa abe enesizathu sokukrokrela ukuba unentsholongwane kaGawulayo, kufuneka acwangcise ixesha lokuphinda alilandele kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuphinda uvavanyo.

Into onokuyenza

Ukuba umboneleli wezempilo wenza uxilongo lwe-HIV, baya kunceda ekufumaniseni olona nyango lulungileyo. Unyango luye lwasebenza ngokuhamba kweminyaka, lwenza ukuba intsholongwane ilawuleke ngakumbi.

Unyango lungaqala kwangoko ukunciphisa okanye ukunciphisa umda wokonakaliswa kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ukuthatha amayeza okucinezela intsholongwane iye kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo egazini kukwenza ukuba kube nzima ukudlulisela intsholongwane komnye umntu.

Ukuba umntu ufumana iziphumo zovavanyo ezingathandekiyo kodwa engaqinisekanga ukuba zichanekile na, kuya kufuneka aphinde abuye. Umboneleli wezempilo unokukunceda ukuba wenze ntoni kule meko.

Ungaluthintela njani usulelo lwe-HIV okanye usulelo

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba abantu ababa neentlobano zesini bathathe la manyathelo okunciphisa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokosulelwa yi-HIV:

• Sebenzisa iikhondom njengoko kuyalelwe. Xa zisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, iikhondom zithintela ulwelo lomzimba ekuxubeni kunye neencindi zomlingane.
• Nciphisa inani labo babelana ngesondo. Ukuba namaqabane amaninzi owabelana nawo ngesondo kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba sesichengeni se-HIV. Kodwa ukulala ngesondo kunye nekhondom kunokunciphisa lo mngcipheko.
• Yenza uvavanyo rhoqo kwaye ucele amaqabane abo ukuba avavanywe. Ukwazi ubume bakho yinto ebalulekileyo xa usabelana ngesondo.

Ukuba umntu ucinga ukuba uchanekile kwi-HIV, angaya kumboneleli wakhe wezempilo ukuze afumane i-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Oku kubandakanya ukuthatha amayeza e-HIV ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana intsholongwane emva kokuvezwa. I-PEP kufuneka iqalwe kwiiyure ezingama-72 zokuvezwa okunokubakho.