Pharmacokinetics kunye Pharmacodynamics: yintoni kwaye yintoni umahluko

Umxholo

• Pharmacokinetics
• 1. Ukufunxa
• 2. Ukuhanjiswa
• 3. Imetabolism
• 4. Ukutsalwa
• Pharmacodynamics
• 1. Indawo yesenzo
• 2. Indlela yokusebenza
• 3. Isiphumo sonyango

I-Pharmacokinetics kunye ne-pharmacodynamics zizigama ezahlukileyo, ezinxulumene nokusebenza kweziyobisi kwinto ephilayo kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.

I-Pharmacokinetics luphononongo lwendlela ethathwa sisiyobisi emzimbeni kuba sifunxisiwe saze sakhutshwa, ngelixa i-pharmacodynamics ibandakanya ukufundwa kokunxibelelana kweli chiza kunye nendawo ebophayo, eza kwenzeka kule ndlela.

Pharmacokinetics

I-pharmacokinetics ibandakanya ukufundwa kwendlela eliya kuthathwa liyeza ukusukela oko lalinikwa de lipheliswe, kuhamba ngokufakwa, ukuhanjiswa, imetabolism kunye neenkqubo zokukhupha. Ngale ndlela, iyeza liya kufumana indawo yonxibelelwano.

1. Ukufunxa

Absorption iquka indlela amayeza ukusuka kwindawo apho kwenziwa, ukuya kwegazi. Ulawulo lunokwenziwa ngaphakathi, oko kuthetha ukuba iyeza lifakwa ngomlomo, iilwimi okanye iilitha, okanye umzali, oko kuthetha ukuba iyeza lifakwa ngaphakathi, ngaphantsi, ngaphakathi okanye ngaphakathi.

2. Ukuhanjiswa

Ukuhanjiswa kuqukethe indlela ethathwa sisiyobisi emva kokuwela isithintelo se-epithelium yamathumbu ukuya kumjelo wegazi, onokuba kwifom yasimahla, okanye onxulunyaniswe neeproteni zeplasma, kwaye emva koko unokufikelela kwiindawo ezininzi:

• Indawo yonyango, apho iya kusebenza khona;
• Amachibi eethishu, apho aya kuqokelelwa khona ngaphandle kokufumana unyango;
• Indawo yesenzo esingalindelekanga, apho uya kwenza isenzo esingafunekiyo, sibangele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga;
• Beka apho baxutywe khona, abanokunyusa isenzo sabo okanye bangasebenzi;
• Iindawo apho zikhutshwa khona.

Xa iyeza libophelela kwiiproteni zeplasma, alinakukwazi ukuwela umqobo ukuze lifikelele kwinyama kwaye lenze isenzo sonyango, kungoko ichiza elinobudlelwane obuphezulu kwezi proteni liza kusasazwa kancinci kunye nemetabolism. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha elichithwe emzimbeni liya kuba lide, kuba into esebenzayo ithatha ixesha elide ukufikelela kwindawo yokusebenza kunye nokususwa.

3. Imetabolism

I-Metabolism yenzeka ikakhulu esibindini, kwaye oku kulandelayo kunokwenzeka:

• Yenza into isebenze, eyona ixhaphakileyo;
• Ukuququzelela ukukhupha, ukwenza iipolites ezingaphezulu komhlaba kunye nokunyibilikisa amanzi ukuze zisuswe ngokulula;
• Yenza iikhompawundi ezingasebenziyo ekuqaleni, utshintshe iprofayili yazo ye-pharmacokinetic kunye nokwenza i-metabolites esebenzayo.

Imetabolism yamachiza inokubakho rhoqo kwimiphunga, izintso kunye namadlala eadrenal.

4. Ukutsalwa

Ukuxolelwa kubandakanya ukupheliswa kwekhompawundi ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi kwizintso, apho ukupheliswa kwenziwa ngomchamo. Ukongeza, ii-metabolites zinokupheliswa ngezinye izinto ezinje ngamathumbu, ngamalindle, ngemiphunga ukuba ziyaguquguquka, kunye nolusu ngombilo, ubisi lwebele okanye iinyembezi.

Izinto ezininzi zinokuphazamisa i-pharmacokinetics efana nobudala, isini, ubunzima bomzimba, izifo kunye nokungasebenzi kwamalungu athile okanye imikhwa enjengokutshaya nokusela utywala, umzekelo.

Pharmacodynamics

I-Pharmacodynamics ibandakanya ukufunda ngokudibana kwamachiza kunye nee-receptors zawo, apho zisebenzisa khona indlela yokusebenza, ukuvelisa isiphumo sonyango.

1. Indawo yesenzo

Iindawo zentshukumo ziindawo apho izinto ezingapheliyo, eziyizinto eziveliswa ngumzimba, okanye ezingaqhelekanga, eziyimeko yeziyobisi, zinxibelelana ukuvelisa impendulo ye-pharmacological. Ezona njongo ziphambili zokwenza kwezinto ezisebenzayo zizamkeli apho kulisiko ukubopha izinto ezingapheliyo, imijelo ye-ion, abathuthi, ii-enzymes kunye neeproteni zolwakhiwo.

2. Indlela yokusebenza

Indlela yokusebenza kukunxibelelana kweekhemikhali into enikiweyo esebenzayo inayo kunye ne-receptor, evelisa impendulo kunyango.

3. Isiphumo sonyango

Isiphumo sonyango sisiphumo esiluncedo nesinqwenelekayo esinesiyobisi emzimbeni xa silawulwa.