Izinto zomngcipheko womkhuhlane kunye neengxaki

Umxholo

• Abantwana neentsana
• Abantu abadala (ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65)
• Abafazi abakhulelweyo
• Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka
• Imeko yendalo esingqongileyo
• Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa usemngciphekweni omkhulu

Ngubani osemngciphekweni omkhulu womkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane, okanye umkhuhlane, sisifo esingaphezulu sokuphefumla esichaphazela impumlo, umqala kunye nemiphunga. Ihlala ididekile nengqele eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengentsholongwane, umkhuhlane unokukhula ube usulelo lwesibini okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinzulu.

Ezi ngxaki zinokubandakanya:

• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• iingxaki zesinus
• usulelo lwendlebe
• myocarditis, okanye ukudumba kwentliziyo
• i-encephalitis, okanye ukudumba kwengqondo
• ukudumba kwezihlunu zemisipha
• ukusilela kwamalungu amaninzi
• ukufa

Abantu abangamaNative American okanye aboMdabu baseAlaska kunye nabo bakula maqela alandelayo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana intsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuphuhlisa iingxaki ezinokubangela iimeko ezisongela ubomi.

Abantwana neentsana

Ngokwaba, abantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 nangaphantsi kunokwenzeka ukuba babe neengxaki zempilo kwintsholongwane yomkhuhlane kunabantu abadala abaninzi. Kungenxa yokuba amajoni abo omzimba awaphuhliswanga ngokupheleleyo.

Abantwana abaneemeko zempilo ezingapheliyo, ezinje ngengxaki yomzimba, isifo seswekile, okanye isifuba, banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphuhlisa iingxaki ezinxulumene nomkhuhlane.

Biza ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo okanye uthathe umntwana wakho kugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba:

• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• ngokuqhubekayo ifiva ephezulu
• ukubila okanye ukubanda
• umbala oluhlaza okanye ongwevu
• ukugabha okukhulu okanye okungapheliyo
• unengxaki yokusela ulwelo olwaneleyo
• ukuncipha kokutya
• iimpawu ezithi ziqale ziphucuke kodwa zisiba mandundu
• ubunzima bokuphendula okanye bokusebenzisana

Ungabakhusela abantwana bakho ngokubasa kwagqirha ukuze bayokugonyelwa umkhuhlane. Ukuba abantwana bakho bafuna iidosi ezimbini, baya kuzidinga zombini ukukhuselwa ngokupheleleyo kumkhuhlane.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ukuba loluphi na ugonyo olunokuba lolona khetho kubantwana bakho. Ngokwe-CDC, ukutshiza ngeempumlo akukhuthazwa kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unenyanga ezintandathu ubudala okanye omncinci, bancinci kakhulu ukugonyelwa umkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, ungaqinisekisa ukuba abantu adibana nabo umntwana wakho, njengentsapho kunye nabanonopheli, bayagonywa. Ukuba bagonyiwe, kukho amathuba asezantsi kakhulu okuba umntwana wakho afumane umkhuhlane.

Abantu abadala (ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65)

Ngokwabantu, abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki ezinkulu kumkhuhlane. Kungenxa yokuba amajoni omzimba ahlala buthathaka ngokobudala. Usulelo lwe-Flu lusenokuba mandundu kwiimeko zempilo zexesha elide, njengesifo sentliziyo, isifo semiphunga kunye nesifuba.

Shayela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba unomkhuhlane kwaye ufumana:

• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• ngokuqhubekayo ifiva ephezulu
• ukubila okanye ukubanda
• akukho kuphuculwa kwempilo emva kweentsuku ezintathu okanye ezine
• iimpawu ezithi ziqale ziphucuke kodwa zisiba mandundu

Ngaphandle kogonyo lwesintu lomkhuhlane, u-uvumile isitofu sokugonya esiphakamileyo esikhethekileyo kubantu abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu esibizwa ngokuba yiFluzone High-Dose. Eli yeza lokuthintela lithwala amaxesha amane idosi rhoqo kwaye inika impendulo eyomeleleyo yomzimba kunye nokukhuselwa komzimba.

Isitofu sokugonya ngeempumlo lolunye ukhetho. Ayenzelwe abantu abadala abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-49. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngeenkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nokuba leliphi iyeza ekulungeleyo.

Abafazi abakhulelweyo

Abafazi abakhulelweyo (kunye nabasetyhini iiveki ezimbini zasemva kokubeleka) basesichengeni sokugula kunabasetyhini abangakhulelwanga. Kungenxa yokuba imizimba yabo ihamba notshintsho oluchaphazela amajoni omzimba, intliziyo kunye nemiphunga. Iingxaki ezinzulu zibandakanya ukusebenza ngaphambi kwexesha kumfazi okhulelweyo okanye iziphene zokuzalwa kumntwana ongekazalwa.

Umkhuhlane luphawu oluqhelekileyo lomkhuhlane. Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye unesifo somkhuhlane kunye neempawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, biza ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Umkhuhlane unokukhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziyingozi kumntwana wakho ongekazalwa.

Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho kwangoko ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu:

• ukuncipha okanye ukungashukumi kusana lwakho
• umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukubila, kunye nokugodola, ngakumbi ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphenduli kwiTylenol (okanye uphawu lwevenkile)
• intlungu okanye uxinzelelo esifubeni sakho okanye esiswini
• i-vertigo okanye isiyezi ngokukhawuleza
• ukudideka
• ukugabha ngobundlobongela okanye ngokuzingisileyo
• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphakamileyo lufundwa ekhaya

Unyango kwangoko lolona khuseleko lubalaseleyo. Ngokuka, umkhuhlane udubule umama nomntwana (ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kokuzalwa) kwaye ukhuseleke ngokugqibeleleyo kubo bobabini.

Yiphephe ifom yokutshiza ngeempumlo yesitofu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 okanye ukuba ukhulelwe kuba isitofu sokugonya sisifo somkhuhlane esibuthathaka. Ukugonywa ngeempumlo kukhuselekile kubafazi abancancisayo.

Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka

Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka banomngcipheko okhulayo wokuba nengxaki yomkhuhlane. Oku kuyinyani nokuba ubuthathaka bubangelwa yimeko okanye unyango. Amajoni omzimba abuthathaka akakwazi ukulwa nosulelo lomkhuhlane.

Kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wosulelo kubantu:

• umbefu
• isifo seswekile
• Ingqondo okanye iimeko zomqolo
• isifo semiphunga
• isifo sentliziyo
• isifo sezintso
• isifo sesibindi
• isifo segazi
• isifo metabolic
• amajoni omzimba abuthathaka ngenxa yezifo (njenge-HIV okanye i-AIDS) okanye amayeza (njengokusebenzisa rhoqo unyango lomhlaza)

Abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-19 ubudala abafumana unyango lwe-aspirin lwexesha elide nabo basemngciphekweni wokonyuka kosulelo. Ukuba bebethatha i-aspirin yonke imihla (okanye amanye amayeza aqukethe i-salicylate), banomngcipheko omkhulu wokuphuhlisa i-Reye's syndrome.

Isifo sikaReye sisifo esinqabileyo apho ukonakala kwengqondo kunye nesibindi ngesiquphe kwenzeka ngesizathu esingaziwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuba kwenzeka malunga neveki emva kokosuleleka kwintsholongwane xa i-aspirin inikwe. Ukufumana ukugonywa komkhuhlane kunokukunceda ukukhusela oku.

Kubalulekile kubantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka ukufumana umkhuhlane. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba loluphi uhlobo logonyo olulungele wena.

Imeko yendalo esingqongileyo

Abantu abahlala okanye abasebenza kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi abanonxibelelwano olusondeleyo nabantu basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana intsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Imizekelo yezi ndidi zeendawo zibandakanya:

• ezibhedlele
• ezikolweni
• amakhaya abalupheleyo
• izibonelelo zononophelo lwabantwana
• Izisele zomkhosi
• Iindawo zokulala zasekholejini
• izakhiwo zeofisi

Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi okanye usebenzise iimveliso zokulwa neentsholongwane ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Ziqhelanise nemikhwa ecocekileyo, ngakumbi ukuba ukwiqela lomngcipheko kwaye uhlala okanye usebenza kwezi meko.

Ukuba uceba ukuhamba, umngcipheko womkhuhlane unokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke apho uye khona. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufumane ugonyo lwakho kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kohambo, njengoko kuthatha iiveki ezimbini ukuba ukhuseleko lwakho lukhule.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa usemngciphekweni omkhulu

Thatha ixesha lokufumana umkhuhlane wakho wonyaka, ngakumbi ukuba ujikeleze abantwana abancinci okanye abantu abadala abadala. Ukufumana ugonyo lwakho kunokunciphisa izifo zomkhuhlane, ukutyelela ugqirha okanye isibhedlele, kunye nokuphoswa ngumsebenzi okanye isikolo. Inokuthintela nokusasazeka komkhuhlane.

Icebisa ukuba wonke umntu oneenyanga ezi-6 ubudala nangaphezulu, esempilweni okanye esemngciphekweni, afumane iyeza lokugonya. Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu kwaye uqala ukubonisa naziphi na iimpawu zomkhuhlane, jonga ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.

Zininzi iindidi zokugonya, ukusukela kwizithonga zemveli ukuya kutshiza ngeempumlo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho kunye nemingcipheko, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uhlobo oluthile lokugonywa.

Ngokuka, isitofu sokuthintela impumlo asikhuthazwa kubantu abaneemeko zonyango, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, okanye abantu abadala abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-49 ubudala.

Ezinye iindlela zokuthintela ukufumana umkhuhlane zibandakanya:

• ukuziqhelanisa nemikhwa ecocekileyo njengokuhlamba izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi
• ukosula imiphezulu kunye nezinto ezifana nefanitshala kunye nezinto zokudlala ezinezibulala-ntsholongwane
• ukugubungela ukukhwehlela kunye nokuthimla ngezicubu ukunciphisa usulelo olunokubakho
• ungachukumisi amehlo akho, impumlo, nomlomo
• Ukulala iiyure ezisibhozo ubusuku ngabunye
• ukwenza umthambo rhoqo ukuphucula impilo yakho yomzimba

Ukunyanga umkhuhlane kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-48 emva kokubonakala kweempawu yeyona window ifanelekileyo yonyango olusebenzayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukumisela amayeza antiviral. Amayeza e-antiviral anokunciphisa ixesha lokugula kwakho kwaye kuthintele iingxaki zomkhuhlane ezinzima ekuphuhliseni.