IiCapillaries kunye neMisebenzi yazo

Umxholo

• Yintoni imisebenzi yee-capillaries?
• Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-capillaries?
• Ii-capillaries eziqhubekayo
• Ii-capillaries ezinamandla
• Ii-capillaries zeSinusoid
• Kwenzeka ntoni xa ii-capillaries zingasebenzi kakuhle?
• Izibala zewayini ePort
• Petechiae
• Inkqubo yes capillary leak syndrome
• Isifo esingalunganga seArteriovenous
• I-Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome
• Umgca wezantsi

IiCapillaries yimithambo yegazi encinci kakhulu - incinci kakhulu kangangokuba iseli enye ebomvu yegazi ayinakulunga ngayo.

Bayanceda ukudibanisa imithambo yakho kunye nemithambo ukongeza ekuququzeleleni ukutshintshiselana kwezinto ezithile phakathi kwegazi lakho kunye nezicubu.

Kungenxa yoko le nto izicubu ezisebenza kakhulu, ezinje ngemisipha yakho, isibindi kunye nezintso, zinentaphane ye-capillaries. Izicubu ezincinci zomzimba, ezinje ngeentlobo ezithile zezicwili, azinazo kangako.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nomsebenzi wee-capillaries kunye neemeko ezinokubachaphazela.

Yintoni imisebenzi yee-capillaries?

Ii-capillaries zidibanisa inkqubo ye-arterial system-ebandakanya imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi lisuke entliziyweni yakho-kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo. Inkqubo yakho yemithambo ibandakanya imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi libuyele entliziyweni yakho.

Ukutshintshiselana ngeoksijini, izakhamzimba, kunye nenkunkuma phakathi kwegazi lakho kunye nezicubu kuyenzeka nakwii-capillaries zakho. Oku kwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini:

• Ukusasazeka okwenziweyo. Oku kukuhamba kwezinto ukusuka kwindawo yoxinaniso oluphezulu ukuya kwindawo yoxinaniso olusezantsi.
• I-Pinocytosis. Oku kubhekisa kwinkqubo apho iiseli zomzimba wakho zithatha khona iimolekyuli ezincinci, ezinje ngamafutha kunye neeproteni.

Iindonga ze-capillaries zenziwe ngocingo olucekeceke lweeseli ekuthiwa yi-endothelium ejikelezwe ngomnye umaleko obhityileyo obizwa ngokuba yinwebu esezantsi.

Ubume be-endothelium yomaleko omnye, eyahluka phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-capillaries, kunye ne-membrane yangaphantsi ejikelezayo yenza ii-capillaries "zi-leakier" kancinci kunezinye iintlobo zemithambo yegazi. Oku kuvumela ioksijini kunye nezinye iimolekyuli ukuba zifikelele kwiiseli zomzimba wakho ngokulula ngakumbi.

Ukongeza, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kumzimba wakho wamajoni zingasebenzisa ii-capillaries ukufikelela kwiindawo zosulelo okanye omnye umonakalo wokudumba.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-capillaries?

Zintathu iintlobo zee-capillaries. Ngamnye unesakhiwo esahlukileyo esivumela ukusebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

Ii-capillaries eziqhubekayo

Ezi zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zee-capillaries. Zinezikhewu ezincinci phakathi kweeseli zazo zokuphela kwexesha ezivumela izinto ezinje ngeegesi, amanzi, iswekile (iswekile), kunye nezinye iihomoni ukuba zidlule.

Ii-capillaries eziqhubekayo kwingqondo zikhethekile, nangona kunjalo.

Ezi capillaries ziyinxalenye yesithintelo segazi-nengqondo, esinceda ukukhusela ingqondo yakho ngokuvumela kuphela ezona zondlo zibalulekileyo ukuba ziwele.

Yiyo loo nto ii-capillaries eziqhubekayo kule ndawo zingenazo izikhewu phakathi kweeseli ze-endothelial, kunye ne-membrane yazo engaphantsi ejikelezayo nayo iyatyeba.

Ii-capillaries ezinamandla

I-capillaries ene-Fenestrated "i-leakier" kunee-capillaries eziqhubekayo. Ziqulathe iipore ezincinci, ukongeza kwizikhewu ezincinci phakathi kweeseli, kwiindonga zazo ezivumela ukutshintshiselana ngeemolekyuli ezinkulu.

Olu hlobo lwe-capillary lufumaneka kwiindawo ezifuna ukutshintshiselana kakhulu phakathi kwegazi lakho kunye nezicubu. Imizekelo yale mimandla ibandakanya:

• amathumbu amancinci, apho izondlo zithathwa kukutya
• izintso, apho inkunkuma ihluzwa ngaphandle kwegazi

Ii-capillaries zeSinusoid

Olu lolona hlobo lwe-capillary lunqabile kwaye "luvuza kakhulu". Ii-capillaries zeSinusoid zivumela ukutshintshiselana ngeemolekyuli ezinkulu, kwaneeseli. Bayakwazi ukwenza oku kuba banezikhewu ezininzi ezinkulu eludongeni lwabo lwe-capillary, ukongeza kwii-pores kunye nezikhewu ezincinci. Inwebu engaphantsi ejikelezileyo nayo ayigqibekanga ngokuvuleleka kwiindawo ezininzi.

Ezi ntlobo ze-capillaries zifunyenwe kwizicubu ezithile, kubandakanya ezo zesibindi sakho, udakada kunye nomongo wethambo.

Umzekelo, kumongo wakho wethambo, ezi capillaries zivumela iiseli zegazi ezisandula ukuveliswa ukuba zingene kwigazi kwaye ziqale ukujikeleza.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa ii-capillaries zingasebenzi kakuhle?

Ngelixa ii-capillaries zincinci kakhulu, nantoni na engaqhelekanga ekusebenzeni kwayo inokubangela iimpawu ezibonakalayo okanye imeko ezinokubakho zonyango.

Izibala zewayini ePort

Amachaphaza ewayini ezibuko luhlobo lwendawo yokuzalwa ebangelwa kukwandiswa kwee-capillaries ezikwisikhumba sakho. Olu lwando lubangela ukuba ulusu lubonakale lupinki okanye lubomvu ngombala, inike imeko igama layo. Ngexesha elingaphezulu, banokumnyama ngombala kwaye batye.

Ngelixa zingahambi ngokwazo, amabala ewayini ezibuko nawo akasasazeki kwezinye iindawo.

Amabala ewayini ethekwini ngokwesiqhelo akafuni nyango, nangona unyango lwe-laser lunokunceda ukubenza bakhanye ngombala.

Petechiae

IiPetechiae zincinci, zingqukuva ezijikelezayo ezivela kulusu. Ziqhelekile malunga nobukhulu bentloko, zinokubomvu okanye zimfusa ngombala, kwaye zicabalele kulusu. Zenzeka xa ii-capillaries zivuza igazi kulusu. Abakhanyisi ngombala xa uxinzelelo lusetyenziswa ngaphezulu kwabo.

I-Petechiae ihlala iluphawu lwemeko engaphantsi, kubandakanya:

• izifo ezosulelayo, ezinjenge-scarlet fever, isifo se-meningococcal, kunye ne-Rocky Mountain spotted fever
• ukwenzakala ngenxa yokuhlanza okanye ukukhohlela
• Ileukemia
• iscurvy
• amanqanaba eeplatelet asezantsi

Amanye amayeza, kubandakanya ipenicillin, anokubangela i-petechiae njengempembelelo yecala.

Inkqubo yes capillary leak syndrome

I-systemic capillary leak syndrome (i-SCLS) yimeko enqabileyo engenaso isizathu esicacileyo. Kodwa iingcali zicinga ukuba inokuba inxulumene nento esegazini eyonakalisa iindonga ze-capillary.

Abantu abane-SCLS banokuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha apho uxinzelelo lwegazi lwehla ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Olu hlaselo lunokuba nzima kwaye ludinga unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Olu hlaselo luhlala luhamba kunye nolunye uphawu lokuqala, kubandakanya:

• ukuxinana kwempumlo
• ukukhohlela
• isicaphucaphu
• intloko ebuhlungu
• intlungu zesisu
• intloko elula
• ukudumba ezingalweni nasemilenzeni
• isiqaqa

I-SCLS ihlala iphathwa ngamayeza anceda ukuthintela olu hlaselo ukuba lungenzeki.

Isifo esingalunganga seArteriovenous

Abantu abane-arteriovenous malformation syndrome (i-AVM) bane-tangle engaqhelekanga yemithambo kunye nemithambo edityaniswe kwenye ngaphandle kwe-capillaries phakathi. Ezi tangles zinokwenzeka naphi na emzimbeni, kodwa zihlala zifumaneka kwingqondo nakwintambo yomqolo.

Oku kunokubangela izilonda eziphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nokuhanjiswa kweoksijini. Ezi zilonda zinokubangela ukopha kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo.

I-AVM ihlala ingabangeli zimpawu, ngenxa yoko ihlala ifunyanwa kuphela ngelixa izama ukufumanisa enye imeko. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, inokubangela:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• intlungu
• ubuthathaka
• imiba ngombono, intetho, okanye ukuhamba
• ukuxhuzula

I-AVM yimeko enqabileyo ehlala ikhona ngexesha lokuzalwa. Unyango luhlala lubandakanya ukususa okanye ukuvala i-AVM lesion. Amayeza anokunceda ekulawuleni iimpawu, ezinjengentlungu okanye iintloko.

I-Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome

I-Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome yimeko enqabileyo yemfuza eqala ngaphambi kokuzalwa.

Abantu abakule meko baneentloko ezincinci kunye nengqondo. Baye bandisa ii-capillaries ezonyusa ukuhamba kwegazi kufutshane nomphezulu wolusu, onokubangela amabala abomvu apinki kulusu.

Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zingabandakanya:

• ukulibaziseka okukhulu kophuhliso
• ukuxhuzula
• ubunzima bokutya
• iintshukumo ezingaqhelekanga
• Iimpawu zobuso ezahlukileyo, ezinokubandakanya ibunzi elijingxela, ubuso obujikelezileyo kunye nokukhula kweenwele okungaqhelekanga
• ukukhula kancinci
• mfutshane okanye isiqu esincinci
• ukungaqheleki komnwe neenzwane, kubandakanya iinzipho ezincinci okanye ezingekhoyo

I-Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome ibangelwa kukutshintsha kohlobo oluthile olubizwa ngokuba yi UTSHINTSHO Uhlobo. Utshintsho kule geni lunokubangela ukuba iiseli zife ngexesha lokukhula, zichaphazele yonke inkqubo yophuhliso.

Unyango lwale meko lunokubandakanya ukhuthazo-ngakumbi ngesandi kunye nokuchukumisa-ukubamba ukugcina ukuma, kunye nonyango lwe-anticonvulsant yonyango kulawulo lokubanjwa.

Umgca wezantsi

IiCapillaries yimithambo yegazi emincinci edlala indima enkulu ekuququzeleleni ukutshintshiselana kwezinto ezahlukeneyo phakathi kwegazi lakho kunye nezicubu. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-capillaries, nganye inesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza ngokwahlukileyo.