Konke malunga neCarbladder Cancer

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Iimbangela zomhlaza we-gallbladder
• Imiba yomngcipheko
• Iimpawu kunye neempawu zomhlaza we-gallbladder
• Ukuchonga kunye nokubeka umhlaza kwi-gallbladder
• Unyango lomhlaza we-gallbladder
• Imbonakalo
• Ukuthintela umhlaza we-gallbladder

Ushwankathelo

I-gallbladder yakho yincinci efana ne-sac efana ne-intshi ezintathu ubude kunye no-1 intshi ububanzi obuhlala phantsi kwesibindi sakho. Umsebenzi wawo kukugcina i-bile, engulwelo olwenziwe sisibindi sakho. Emva kokuba ugcinwe kwinyongo yakho, inyongo ikhutshwa iye emathunjini akho amancinci ukunceda ukwetyisa ukutya.

Umhlaza we-gallbladder unqabile. Ngokwe-American Cancer Society (ACS):

• Ngaphezulu kwe-12,000 yabantu e-United States abaya kufumana isifo ngo-2019.
• Iphantse yahlala i-adenocarcinoma, eluhlobo lomhlaza oluqala kwiiseli zamadlala kulusu lwamalungu akho.

Iimbangela zomhlaza we-gallbladder

Oogqirha abazi ngqo ukuba yintoni ebangela umhlaza we-gallbladder. Bayazi ukuba, njengawo wonke umhlaza, impazamo, eyaziwa njengoguquko, kwi-DNA yomntu ibangela ukukhula okungalawulekiyo ngokukhawuleza kweeseli.

Njengoko inani leeseli landa ngokukhawuleza, ubunzima, okanye ithumba, liza. Ukuba azinyangwa, ezi seli ekugqibeleni zisasazeka kwizicubu ezikufuphi nakwezona ndawo zikude zomzimba.

Kukho izinto ezinobungozi ezonyusa amathuba okuba nomhlaza we-gallbladder. Uninzi lwazo luhambelana nokuvuvukala kwe-gallbladder yexesha elide.

Ukuba nezi zinto zobungozi akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza. Kuthetha nje ukuba amathuba akho okufumana angaphezulu kunomntu ngaphandle komngcipheko.

Imiba yomngcipheko

Iigallstones zizinto ezincinci zokwenza izinto ezomeleleyo ezenza inyongo yakho xa inyongo yakho ine-cholesterol eninzi okanye i-bilirubin- isakhi sombala esenziwe xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zisonakala.

Xa i-gallstones ivimba indlela-ebizwa ngokuba yimibhobho ye-bile-ngaphandle kwe-gallbladder okanye kwisibindi sakho, i-gallbladder yakho iyavutha. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yicholecystitis, kwaye inokuba yingxaki enkulu okanye yexesha elide, nengapheliyo.

Ukudumba okungapheliyo kwi-cholecystitis yeyona nto iphambili emngciphekweni womhlaza we-gallbladder. Ngokutsho kwe-American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), i-gallstones ifunyenwe kuma-75 ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini abantu abanomdlavuza we-gallbladder.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba iinyongo ziqheleke kakhulu kwaye ukuba nazo oko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza. Ngokuka-ASCO, ngaphezulu kweepesenti ze-99 zabantu abane-gallstones abaze bafumane umhlaza we-gallbladder.

Ezinye izinto ezinxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko womhlaza we-gallbladder zezi:

• Porcelain inyongo. Kulapho i-gallbladder yakho ikhangeleka imhlophe, njenge porcelain, kuba iindonga zayo zibaliwe. Oku kunokwenzeka emva kwecholecystitis engapheliyo, kwaye kuyayanyaniswa nokudumba.
• Iiplyps ze-gallbladder. Kuphela malunga neepesenti ze-5 zoku kukhula okuncinci kwi-gallbladder yakho ngumhlaza.
• Ukwabelana ngesondo. Ngokwe-ACS, abasetyhini bafumana umhlaza we-gallbladder ukuya kumaxesha aphindwe kane kunamadoda.
• Ubudala. Umhlaza we-gallbladder uhlasela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Ngokomndilili, abantu baneminyaka engama-72 xa befumanisa ukuba banayo.
• Iqela lobuhlanga. E-United States, amaLatin America, amaMelika aseMelika, kunye nabantu baseMexico banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nomhlaza we-gallbladder.
• Iingxaki zendlela yokubila. Imiqathango kwimibhobho ye-bile evimba ukuhamba kwe-bile kunokubangela ukuba ibuyele kwi-gallbladder. Oku kubangela ukuvuvukala, okwandisa umngcipheko wesifo somhlaza.
• Isiseko se-sclerosing cholangitis. Ukuphazamiseka kweefom ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwemibhobho ye-bile kwandisa umngcipheko we-bile kunye nomhlaza we-gallbladder.
• Typhoid.Salmonella Iibhaktheriya zibangela i-typhoid. Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo, zexesha elide kunye okanye ngaphandle kweempawu banomngcipheko ophezulu womhlaza we-gallbladder.
• Amalungu osapho anomdlavuza we-gallbladder. Umngcipheko wakho unyuka kancinci ukuba kukho imbali yawo kusapho lwakho.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zomhlaza we-gallbladder

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zomhlaza we-gallbladder ngokwesiqhelo azibonakali de isifo siqhubele phambili. Kungenxa yoko, ngokuqhelekileyo, sele sele isasazeka kwizitho ezikufutshane kunye ne-lymph nodes okanye uhambe kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho xa ifunyenwe.

Xa zisenzeka, iimpawu kunye neempawu zinokubandakanya:

• iintlungu zesisu, zihlala kwinxalenye ephezulu yesisu sakho
• i-jaundice, etyheli kolusu lwakho kunye nabamhlophe ngamehlo akho ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu e-bilirubin ekuthinteleni imibhobho yakho yenyongo
• isisu esineqhuma, esenzeka xa inyongo yakho ikhula ngenxa yokuvalwa kwemibhobho yenyongo okanye umhlaza usasazeka kwisibindi sakho kwaye amaqhuma ayenziwa kwisisu sakho sasekunene
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• ukuhla ukusinda
• ifiva
• isisu esiswini
• umchamo omnyama

Ukuchonga kunye nokubeka umhlaza kwi-gallbladder

Ngamaxesha athile, umhlaza we-gallbladder ufunyanwa ngengozi kwinyongo esuswe kwi-cholecystitis okanye esinye isizathu. Kodwa ngesiqhelo, ugqirha wakho uza kuqhuba kuvavanyo lokuqonda isifo kuba uneempawu ezibonakalayo.

Iimvavanyo ezingasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga, isigaba, kunye nokucwangcisa unyango lomhlaza we-gallbladder zibandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi. Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi lubonisa indlela esebenza ngayo isibindi, i-gallbladder, kunye ne-bile ducts kwaye unike imikhondo malunga nezinto ezibangela iimpawu zakho.
• I-Ultrasound. Imifanekiso ye-gallbladder yakho kunye nesibindi zenziwe ngamaza esandi. Luvavanyo olulula, olulula ukwenza oluqhele ukwenziwa ngaphambi kwabanye.
• Ukuskena i-CT. Imifanekiso ibonisa i-gallbladder yakho kunye namalungu angqongileyo.
• Ukuskena iMRI. Imifanekiso ibonisa iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu kolunye uvavanyo.
• Iipercutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). Le yi-X-ray ethathwe emva kokuba idayi ifakiwe ebonisa ukubhloka kwimibhobho yakho yenyongo okanye isibindi.
• I-Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Kolu vavanyo, ityhubhu ekhanyisiweyo enekhamera, eyaziwa njenge-endoscope, ifakwe ngomlomo wakho kwaye iye phambili kwithumbu lakho elincinci. Idayi emva koko itofwe ngombhobho omncinci obekwe kwi-bile duct yakho kwaye i-X-ray ithathwa ukujonga imijelo ye-bile evaliweyo.
• Uqhaqho. Iqhekeza elincinci lethumba liyasuswa kwaye lijongwe phantsi kwemicroscope ukuqinisekisa isifo somhlaza.

Ukubeka umhlaza kukuxelela ukuba kwaye phi kwaye umhlaza usasazeke ngaphandle kwe-gallbladder yakho. Isetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukwenza isigqibo ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango kunye nokuchonga isiphumo.

Umhlaza we-Gallbladder umiselwe ukusebenzisa i-American Joint Committee ye-Cancer TNM. Isikali sisuka ku-0 siye ku-4 ngokusekwe kukude kangakanani ukuba umhlaza ukhule waya eludongeni lwenyongo kunye nokuba usasazeke kangakanani.

Inqanaba 0 lithetha ukuba iiseli ezingaqhelekanga azisasazekanga ukusuka apho zaqala khona-ukubizwa ngokuba yi-carcinoma in situ. Amathumba amakhulu asasazeka kwizitho ezikufutshane kunye nalo naliphi na ithumba elisasazekayo, okanye eline-metastasized, kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba wakho linqanaba lesi-4.

Olunye ulwazi malunga nokusasazeka komhlaza lunikezelwa yi-TNM:

• T (ithumba) - ibonisa ukuba umhlaza sele ukhule kangakanani waya eludongeni lwenyongo
• N (iindawo): ibonisa ukusasazeka kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane ne-gallbladder yakho
• M (metastasis): ibonisa ukusasazeka kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba

Unyango lomhlaza we-gallbladder

Utyando lunokunyanga umhlaza we-gallbladder, kodwa wonke umhlaza kufuneka ususwe. Olu khetho kuphela xa umhlaza ufumene kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke kwizitho ezikufutshane nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Ngelishwa, amanani-manani avela kwi-ACS abonisa kuphela umntu om-1 kwaba-5 abafumana isifo phambi kokuba umhlaza usasazeke.

I-Chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umhlaza uphelile emva kotyando. Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza we-gallbladder ongenakususwa. Ayinakunyanga umhlaza kodwa inokuwandisa ubomi kwaye inyange iimpawu.

Xa umhlaza we-gallbladder uqhubekile, utyando lusenokwenziwa ukunciphisa iimpawu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yinkathalo. Ezinye iintlobo zokunyamekela zinokubandakanya:

• amayeza entlungu
• isicaphucaphu amayeza
• ioksijini
• ukubeka ityhubhu, okanye i-stent, kwi-bile duct ukuyigcina ivulekile ukuze ikwazi ukucoca

Unonophelo lokunyanga lusetyenziswa kwakhona xa kungenziwa utyando kuba umntu akaphilanga ngokwaneleyo.

Imbonakalo

Imbonakalo yomhlaza we-gallbladder ixhomekeke kwinqanaba. Umhlaza wamanqanaba okuqala unombono ongcono ngakumbi kunomhlaza okwinqanaba eliphambili.

Isantya seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda sibhekisa kwipesenti yabantu abanemeko abaphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuxilongwa. Ngokomndilili, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu kuwo onke amabakala omhlaza we-gallbladder liipesenti ezili-19.

Ngokuka-ASCO, inqanaba leminyaka emihlanu lokusinda komhlaza we-gallbladder kwinqanaba:

• Iipesenti ezingama-80 ze-carcinoma in situ (isigaba 0)
• Iipesenti ezingama-50 zomhlaza ovalelwe kwi-gallbladder (isigaba 1)
• Ipesenti ezisibhozo zomhlaza osasazeka kwii-lymph nodes (isigaba 3)
• ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezi-4 zomhlaza oye wahlaselwa (isigaba 4)

Ukuthintela umhlaza we-gallbladder

Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwezinto ezinobungozi, ezinje ngobudala kunye nobuhlanga, azinakutshintshwa, umhlaza we-gallbladder awukwazi kuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nendlela yokuphila esempilweni kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Ezinye iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokuphila esempilweni zinokubandakanya:

• Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni. Le yinxalenye enkulu yendlela yokuphila esempilweni kwaye yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza, kubandakanya nomhlaza we-gallbladder.
• Ukutya ukutya okusempilweni. Ukutya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno kunokunceda ukukhulisa amajoni akho omzimba kwaye kukukhuse ungaguli. Ukutya ukutya okuziinkozo endaweni yokutya okusulungekileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukutya okugqityiweyo kunokukunceda uhlale usempilweni.
• Ukuzivocavoca. Izibonelelo zomthambo ophakathi zibandakanya ukufikelela kunye nokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni kunye nokomeleza amajoni akho omzimba.