Indlela Amangcwaba ’Esi sifo Esi Awachaphazela Ngayo Amehlo

Umxholo

• Siyintoni isifo samangcwaba?
• Zithini iimpawu zamehlo zeGraves?
• Yintoni ebangela i-ophthalmopathy yengcwaba?
• Kufunyaniswa njani ukuba i-Graves ’ophthalmopathy?
• Iphathwa njani i-ophthalmopathy yengcwaba?
• Yintoni imbonakalo?

Siyintoni isifo samangcwaba?

Isifo se-Graves sisifo sokuzimela komzimba esibangela ukuba idlala lengqula lakho livelise iihomoni ezininzi kunokuba kufanele. I-thyroid engasebenzi kakhulu ibizwa ngokuba yi-hyperthyroidism.

Phakathi kweempawu ezinokubakho zesifo seMangcwaba kukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga, ukwehla kobunzima, kunye nokwanda kwedlala lengqula (goiter).

Ngamanye amaxesha, amajoni omzimba ahlasela izicwili kunye nemisipha ejikeleze amehlo. Le yimeko ebizwa ngokuba sisifo se-thyroid okanye i-Graves 'ophthalmopathy (GO). Ukudumba kubangela ukuba amehlo azive erhabaxa, omile kwaye ecaphukile.

Le meko inokwenza ukuba amehlo akho abonakale ekhupha.

Isifo samehlo seGraves sichaphazela phakathi kwama-25 nama-50 ekhulwini abantu abanesifo seMangcwaba.UHiromatsu Y, et al. (2014). I-ophthalmopathy yamangcwaba: I-Epidemiology kunye nembali yendalo. INGXELO:
I-10.2169 / i-internalmedicine.53.1518 Inokwenzeka nakubantu abangenaso isifo seMangcwaba.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngesifo samangcwaba, unyango, kunye nento onokuyenza ukuze unciphise iimpawu.

Zithini iimpawu zamehlo zeGraves?

Amaxesha amaninzi, isifo samehlo eGraves sichaphazela amehlo omabini. Phantse iipesenti ezili-15 zexesha, liliso elinye kuphela elibandakanyekayo.UHiromatsu Y, et al. (2014). I-ophthalmopathy yamangcwaba: I-Epidemiology kunye nembali yendalo. INGXELO:
I-10.2169 / i-internalmedicine.53.1518 Akukho nxu lumano phakathi kweempawu zakho zamehlo kunye nobunzima be-hyperthyroidism yakho.

Iimpawu zokuhamba zinokubandakanya:

• Amehlo owomileyo, uburhabaxa, ukucaphuka
• Uxinzelelo lwamehlo kunye nentlungu
• ububomvu kunye nokudumba
• ukurhoxisa iinkophe
• Amehlo aqamileyo, abizwa ngokuba yiproptosis okanye i-exophthalmos
• ubuntununtunu bokukhanya
• umbono kabini

Kwiimeko ezinzima, unokuba nengxaki yokuhambisa okanye ukuvala amehlo, ulceration we-cornea, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-optic nerve. UKUYA kungakhokelela ekuphulukaneni nombono, kodwa oku kunqabile.

Iimpawu ngokubanzi ziqala ngaxeshanye nezinye iimpawu zesifo seMangcwaba, kodwa abanye abantu bakhulisa iimpawu zamehlo kuqala. Kunqabile ukuba ukukhula kukhule ixesha elide emva konyango lwesifo se-Graves. Kuyenzeka ukuba uphuhle i-GO ngaphandle kokuba ne-hyperthyroidism.

Yintoni ebangela i-ophthalmopathy yengcwaba?

Isizathu esona ngqo asicacanga, kodwa inokuba yinhlanganisela yemfuza kunye nemeko yokusingqongileyo.

Ukudumba okujikeleze iliso kungenxa yempendulo ezenzekelayo. Iimpawu zibangelwa kukudumba okujikeleze iliso kunye nokurhoxa kweenkophe.

Isifo samehlo emangcwabeni sihlala senzeka ngokudibeneyo ne-hyperthyroidism, kodwa hayi rhoqo. Inokwenzeka xa idlala lengqula lakho lingasebenzi ngoku.

Imiba yomngcipheko kwi-GO ibandakanya:

• iimpembelelo zemfuza
• ukutshaya
• Unyango lwe-iodine lwe-hyperthyroidism

Unokuphuhlisa isifo se-Graves nanini na ubudala, kodwa abaninzi abantu baphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 no-60 ekuxilongweni. Isifo se-Graves sichaphazela malunga neepesenti ezi-3 zabasetyhini kunye neepesenti ezingama-0.5 zamadoda.Isifo samangcwaba. (2017).
niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/graves-disease

Kufunyaniswa njani ukuba i-Graves ’ophthalmopathy?

Xa sele uyazi ukuba unesifo se-Graves, ugqirha wakho unokukwenza ukuxilongwa emva kokuvavanya amehlo akho.

Ngaphandle koko, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala ngokujonga ngokukhawuleza kwamehlo akho kwaye ukhangele intamo yakho ukuze ubone ukuba i-thyroid yakho ikhulisiwe.

Emva koko, igazi lakho linokujongwa kwi-thyroid ekhuthaza i-hormone (TSH). I-TSH, ihomoni eveliswe kwidlala lepituitary, ivuselela idlala lengqula ukuvelisa iihomoni. Ukuba unesifo se-Graves, inqanaba lakho le-TSH liya kuba sezantsi, kodwa uya kuba namanqanaba aphezulu ehomoni ye-thyroid.

Igazi lakho linokuvavanywa kwakhona kwii-antibodies zeGraves. Olu vavanyo aludingeki ukwenza isifo, kodwa lunokwenziwa nangayiphi na indlela. Ukuba kubonakala kukubi, ugqirha wakho angaqala ukukhangela olunye uxilongo.

Ukujonga iimvavanyo ezinje nge-ultrasound, i-CT scan, okanye iMRI inokubonelela ngenkangeleko eneenkcukacha kwi-thyroid gland.

Awunakho ukuvelisa iihomoni ze-thyroid ngaphandle kwe-iodine. Yiyo loo nto ugqirha wakho enokufuna ukwenza inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-radioactive iodine uptake. Kolu vavanyo, uya kuthatha iodine enemitha yeathom kwaye uvumele umzimba wakho ukuba uyifunxe. Emva kwexesha, ikhamera ekhethekileyo yokuvavanywa inokukunceda ubone ukuba i-thyroid yakho ithatha njani iodine.

Kwipesenti ezingama-20 zabantu abane-hyperthyroidism, iimpawu zamehlo zivela ngaphambi kwazo naziphi na ezinye iimpawu.UHiromatsu Y, et al. (2014). I-ophthalmopathy yamangcwaba: I-Epidemiology kunye nembali yendalo. INGXELO:
I-10.2169 / i-internalmedicine.53.1518

Iphathwa njani i-ophthalmopathy yengcwaba?

Ukunyanga isifo se-Graves kubandakanya unyango oluthile ukugcina amanqanaba ehomoni ngaphakathi kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo. Isifo samehlo amangcwaba sifuna unyango lwaso, kuba ukunyanga isifo se-Graves akusoloko kunceda ngeempawu zamehlo.

Kukho ixesha lokudumba okusebenzayo apho iimpawu ziba mandundu. Oku kunokufikelela kwiinyanga ezintandathu okanye njalo. Emva koko kukho isigaba esingasebenziyo apho iimpawu zizinzileyo okanye ziqala ukuphucula.

Kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza wedwa ukunciphisa iimpawu, ezinje:

• Amehlo wamehlo ukuthambisa kunye nokukhulula amehlo owomileyo, acaphukisayo. Sebenzisa amathontsi wamehlo angenazo izisusi ezibomvu okanye izilondolozo. Iigelisi zokuthambisa zinokuba luncedo ngexesha lokulala xa iinkophe zakho zingavali yonke indlela. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi iimveliso ezinokukunceda ngaphandle kokucaphukisa amehlo akho.
• Ukucofa okupholileyo ukunciphisa okwethutyana. Oku kunokukuthuthuzela ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba ulale okanye xa uvuka ekuseni.
• Izibuko zelanga ukunceda ukukhusela ngokuchaseneyo nokukhanya. Iiglasi zinokukukhusela nakwimpepho okanye impepho evela kubalandeli, ubushushu ngqo kunye nomoya opholileyo. Iiglasi ezisongelweyo zinokuba luncedo ngakumbi ngaphandle.
• Iiglasi zokumisela ngee-prism kunokunceda ukulungisa umbono ophindwe kabini. Azisebenzi kubo bonke abantu, nangona.
• Lala uphakamise intloko ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo emehlweni.
• ICorticosteroids njengehydrocortisone okanye i-prednisone inokunceda ukunciphisa ukudumba. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufanele ukuba usebenzisa i-corticosteroids.
• Musa ukutshaya, njengokuba ukutshaya kunokwenza izinto zibe mandundu. Ukuba uyatshaya, buza ugqirha wakho malunga neenkqubo zokuyeka ukutshaya. Kuya kufuneka uzame ukuphepha ukutshaya, uthuli, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokucaphukisa amehlo akho.

Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba akukho nto isebenza kwaye uqhubeke unombono ophindwe kabini, ukunciphisa umbono, okanye ezinye iingxaki. Kukho ungenelelo ngoncedo olunokunceda, kubandakanya:

• Utyando lwe-Orbital decompression ukwandisa isokethi yamehlo ukuze iso lihlale kwindawo engcono. Oku kubandakanya ukususa ithambo phakathi kwesokethi yamehlo kunye neesono ukwenza indawo yokudumba kwezicubu.
• Utyando lwamehlo ukubuyisela iinkophe kwindawo yendalo.
• Utyando lwemisipha yamehlo ukulungisa umbono ophindwe kabini. Oku kubandakanya ukusika izihlunu ezichaphazeleka sisihlunu esibomvu kwaye uphinde usiphinde sibuyele umva.

Ezi nkqubo zinokunceda ukuphucula umbono okanye ukubonakala kwamehlo akho.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, unyango lwe-radiation, okanye i-orbital radiotherapy, isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwiimisipha kunye nezicubu ezijikeleze amehlo. Oku kwenziwa ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezininzi.

Ukuba iimpawu zamehlo akho azihambelani nesifo se-Graves, ezinye iindlela zonyango zinokufaneleka ngakumbi.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Ayikho indlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo isifo se-Graves okanye isifo se-Graves. Kodwa ukuba unesifo se-Graves kunye nomsi, unamaxesha ama-5 amathuba okuba nesifo samehlo kunabantu abangatshayiyo.UDraman MS, et al. (2017). I-TEAMeD-5: Ukuphucula iziphumo kwisifo se-thyroid.
endocrinology.org/endocrinologist/125-autumn17/feature/teamed-5-improving-iziphumo-in-thyoid-eye-disease/ Isifo samehlo sithande ukuba qatha kubantu abatshayayo.

Ukuba ufumana ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-Graves, cela ugqirha wakho ukuba akuhlole iingxaki zamehlo. I-GO inzima ngokwaneleyo ukusongela umbono malunga neepesenti ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 zexesha.UHiromatsu Y, et al. (2014). I-ophthalmopathy yamangcwaba: I-Epidemiology kunye nembali yendalo. INGXELO:
I-10.2169 / i-internalmedicine.53.1518

Iimpawu zamehlo zihlala zizinzile emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Banokuqala ukuphucula kwangoko okanye bahlale bezinzile unyaka okanye emibini ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukuphucula.

Isifo samehlo emangcwabeni sinokunyangwa ngempumelelo, kwaye iimpawu zihlala ziphucula nangaphandle konyango.