IHantavirus: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nendlela yokunyanga usulelo lweHantavirus

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Imowudi yokuhambisa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Ungayikhusela njani i-hantavirus

IHantavirus sisifo esosulelayo esosulelwa yiHantavirus, esisifo sosapho Bunyaviridae kwaye inokufumaneka kwilindle, umchamo kunye namathe kwezinye zeempuku, ikakhulu iimpuku zasendle.

Uninzi lwexesha, usulelo lwenzeka ngokuphefumla amasuntswana entsholongwane amiswe emoyeni, ekhokelela ekubonakaleni kweempawu malunga neeveki ezi-2 emva kokudibana nentsholongwane. Ezona mpawu ziphambili kusulelo ngumkhuhlane, ukugabha, intloko ebuhlungu kunye neentlungu emzimbeni, ukongeza ekubambeni kwemiphunga, intliziyo okanye izintso, ezinokuba mandundu kakhulu.

Ke, ukuba kurhanelwa usulelo lwe-hantavirus, kubalulekile ukuba umntu aye esibhedlele ayokwenza isifo kwaye aqale unyango, okwenziwa ngamanyathelo enkxaso, kuba akukho nyango luthile. Kananjalo kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwamkelwe iindlela zokuthintela isifo, kuthintelwe ukugcina ukungcola okunokugcina iigundane endlwini, kuthintelwe indawo ezinothuli ezazivaliwe kwaye ezinokugcina iimpuku kwaye zihlala zigcina ukutya kugcinwe ngendlela ungcoliswe ziimpuku.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zokuqala zosulelo lwe-hantavirus zinokubonakala phakathi kweentsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezingama-60 (kwi-avareji yeeveki ezi-2) emva kokosuleleka, ngumkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, ukudinwa, iintlungu zemisipha, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha okanye iintlungu zesisu. Le meko yokuqala ayicacanga kwaye kunzima ukwahlula kwezinye izifo ezinje ngomkhuhlane, idengue okanye i-leptospirosis.

Emva kokuvela kweempawu zokuqala, kuqhelekile ukuba umsebenzi wamalungu athile ube sesichengeni, nto leyo emele ukuba intsholongwane iyasasazeka kwaye isifo sele sele sikwinqanaba eliphambili. Ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho:

• IHantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (i-SCPH), apho kuvela khona iimpawu zokuphefumla, ngokukhohlela, ukuvelisa isikhohlela kunye neencindi kunye negazi kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane, okunokuqhubela phambili ukusilela kokuphefumla ngenxa yokuqokelelana kolwelo emiphungeni, ukuhla koxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuwa kwegazi;
• Umkhuhlane owophayo kunye ne-Renal Syndrome (FHSR), apho isifo singakhokelela ekusebenzeni kwezintso okungalunganga, kunye nokuhla kwemveliso yomchamo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-oliguria, ukuqokelelwa kwe-urea egazini, ukugruzuka kunye ne-petechiae emzimbeni, umngcipheko wokopha nokusilela kokusebenza kwamalungu aliqela.

Ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunokwenzeka ngakumbi xa umntu enonyango olufanelekileyo esibhedlele, olunokuhlala ukusuka kwiintsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-60, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ukulandelelana okunje ngokusilela okungapheliyo kwezintso okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluhlala luhleli.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hantavirus kwenziwa ngeemvavanyo zaselebhu ukuze kuchongwe ii-antibodies ezichasene nentsholongwane okanye intsholongwane yentsholongwane, eqinisekisa usulelo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba wazise ugqirha ngemikhwa yobomi, nokuba ngaba bekukho unxibelelwano neempuku okanye nokuba ubukwimeko engcolisekileyo.

Imowudi yokuhambisa

Eyona ndlela iphambili yokuhambisa i-hantavirus kukungeniswa kwamasuntswana wentsholongwane apheliswa kwindalo ngokusebenzisa umchamo kunye nelindle leentuku ezosulelekileyo, kwaye inokumiswa emoyeni kunye nothuli. Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukuba ungcoliseko ngokudibana kwentsholongwane enamanxeba esikhumbeni okanye inwebu yangaphakathi, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okanye ukutya okungcolileyo, ukuphathwa kweempuku elabhoratri okanye ngokulunywa kwempuku, nangona kunjalo oku kuninzi kunqabile ukuba kwenzeke.

Ke, abantu abasemngciphekweni wokosuleleka ngabo basebenza ekucoceni iishedi naseziseleni ezinokugcina iimpuku nakwiindawo zokuphinda kutyalwe amahlathi, abantu abahamba rhoqo ezivenkileni zokutya okanye abantu abamisa inkampu okanye banyuke kwiindawo zasendle.

E-Brazil, imimandla echaphazeleka kakhulu yi-hantavirus yi-South, Southeast kunye neMidwest, ngakumbi kwimimandla enxulumene nezolimo, nangona kunokubakho ungcoliseko nakweyiphi na indawo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-hantavirus kukulawula iimpawu zesifo, kwaye akukho siyobisi sithile silawula intsholongwane. Unyango luhlala lwenziwa esibhedlele kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, nakwiiyunithi zokunyamekela (ICU).

Ngexesha lonyango, kufuneka uxhase amandla okuphefumla, ngenxa yophuhliso lwe-cardiopulmonary syndrome, ukongeza kulawulo lomsebenzi we-renal kunye nolunye ulwazi olubalulekileyo, kwezinye iimeko kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza i-hemodialysis okanye ukuphefumla ngezixhobo.

Ungayikhusela njani i-hantavirus

Ukuthintela usulelo lwe-hantavirus kuyacetyiswa:

• Gcina indawo ejikeleze indlu icocekile kwaye ingenatyani kunye nobutyobo obunokugcina iimpuku;
• Kunqande ukutshayela okanye iindawo ezinothuli ezinokuwela iempuku, ukhetha ukusula ngelaphu elifumileyo;
• Xa ungena kwiindawo esele zivaliwe ixesha elide, zama ukuvula iifestile neengcango ukuze kungene ukukhanya nokukhanya;
• Njalo gcina ukutya kugcinwe kakuhle kwaye kungabikho ukufikelela kwiimpuku;
• Hlamba izitya zasekhitshini ezigcinwe ixesha elide, ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa.

Ukongeza, kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba ucoce izandla zakho kunye nokutya ngaphambi kokutya, njengoko zinokuba namasuntswana egciwane. Nantsi indlela yokuhlamba izandla ngokufanelekileyo ngokubukela le vidiyo ilandelayo: