Uvavanyo kuva abantwana

Umxholo

• Zithini iimvavanyo zokuva abantwana?
• Zenzelwe ntoni?
• Kutheni le nto umntwana wam efuna uvavanyo lokuva?
• Kwenzeka ntoni kuvavanyo lokuva?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo lokuva?
• Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo lokuva?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?
• Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga neemvavanyo zokuva?
• Izalathiso

Zithini iimvavanyo zokuva abantwana?

Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa indlela akwazi ngayo ukuva umntwana wakho. Nangona ilahleko yokuva inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, iingxaki zokuva ebuntwaneni nasebusaneni zinokuba neziphumo ezibi. Kungenxa yokuba ukuva okuqhelekileyo kubalulekile kuphuhliso lolwimi kwiintsana nakwiintsana. Nokuba ukuphulukana nendlebe okwethutyana kunokwenza kube nzima emntwaneni ukuba aqonde ulwimi oluthethwayo kwaye afunde ukuthetha.

Ukuva ngesiqhelo kwenzeka xa amaza esandi engena endlebeni yakho, ebangela indlebe yakho inyikime. Ukungcangcazela kushukumisela amaza kude aye endlebeni, apho kubangela ukuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo zithumele ulwazi lwesandi kwingqondo yakho. Olu lwazi luguqulelwa kwizandi ozivayo.

Ukuphulukana nokuva kwenzeka xa kukho ingxaki ngenxalenye enye okanye ezingaphezulu zendlebe, imithambo-luvo ngaphakathi kwendlebe, okanye inxenye yengqondo elawula ukuva. Zintathu iindlela eziphambili zokulahlekelwa kukuva:

• Ukuqhuba. Olu hlobo lokulahleka kwendlebe lubangelwa kukuvaleka kokudluliselwa kwesandi endlebeni. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci kwaye ihlala ibangelwa zizifo zendlebe okanye ulwelo ezindlebeni. Ukulahleka kwendlebe okuqhubekekayo kuhlala kubumnene, okwethutyana, kwaye kuyanyangeka.
• Iimvakalelo (ikwabizwa ngokuba sisisithulu semizwa). Olu hlobo lokulahleka kwendlebe lubangelwa yingxaki ngokwakhiwa kwendlebe kunye / okanye kwimithambo-luvo elawula ukuva. Inokubakho xa kuzalwa okanye ibonakale kade ebomini. Ukuphulukana nokuva kwemvakalelo kuhlala kusisigxina. Olu hlobo lokulahleka kwendlebe luvela kubumnene (ukungakwazi ukuva izandi ezithile) ukuya nzulu (ukungakwazi ukuva nasiphi na isandi).
• Kuxutywe, indibaniselwano yazo zombini ezokuqhuba kunye nokuva kwemvakalelo yokuva.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumanisa ukuba ulahlekelwe kukuva, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha anokunceda ukunyanga okanye ukulawula imeko.

Amanye amagama: audiometry; i-audiography, i-audiogram, uvavanyo lwesandi

Zenzelwe ntoni?

Ezi mvavanyo zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokungeva kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, ingaba imbi kangakanani na.

Kutheni le nto umntwana wam efuna uvavanyo lokuva?

Uvavanyo lokuva rhoqo luyacetyiswa kuninzi lweentsana nabantwana. Iintsana zihlala zinikwa iimvavanyo zokuva phambi kokuba ziphume esibhedlele. Ukuba umntwana wakho akaluphumeleli olu vavanyo lokuva, akusoloko kuthetha ukuba uza kuva kakhulu. Kodwa umntwana wakho kufuneka aphinde ahlolwe kwisithuba seenyanga ezintathu.

Uninzi lwabantwana kufuneka luvavanywe kukuva kwabo rhoqo xa behlolwa impilo. Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwendlebe emzimbeni olujonga i-wax egqithisileyo, ulwelo, okanye iimpawu zosulelo. IAmerican Academy of Pediatrics icebisa ukuba kuvavanywe ngokucokisekileyo ukuva (jonga ngezantsi kwiindidi zovavanyo) kubudala be-4, 5, 6, 8, no-10. Uvavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu zokungeva.

Iimpawu zokulahleka kokuva emntwaneni zibandakanya:

• Ukungaxhumi okanye ukothuka xa usabela kwingxolo enkulu
• Ukungaphenduli kwilizwi lomzali ngeenyanga ezi-3 ubudala
• Angawajiki amehlo akhe okanye intloko kwisandi ngeenyanga ezi-6 ubudala
• Ukungalingisi izandi okanye ukuthetha amagama ambalwa alula ngeenyanga ezili-12 ubudala

Iimpawu zokuphulukana nendlebe kubantwana abancinci zibandakanya:

• Intetho elityazisiweyo okanye intetho ekunzima ukuyiqonda. Uninzi lwabantwana abancinci banokuthi amagama ambalwa, njengo "mama" okanye "udade," ngeenyanga ezili-15 ubudala.
• Akaphenduli xa ebizwa ngegama
• Ukunganikeli ngqalelo

Iimpawu zokuphulukana nendlebe kubantwana abadala nakwishumi elivisayo zibandakanya:

• Ingxaki yokuqonda ukuba bathini abanye abantu, ngakumbi kwindawo enengxolo
• Ingxaki yokuva izandi eziphezulu
• Ufuna ukunyusa ivolumu kwiTV okanye kwisidlali somculo
• Isandi sokukhala ezindlebeni

Kwenzeka ntoni kuvavanyo lokuva?

Uvavanyo lokuqala lokuva luhlala lusenziwa ngexesha lokuhlolwa rhoqo. Ukuba kukho ukulahlekelwa kukuva, umntwana wakho unokuvavanywa kwaye anyangwe ngomnye waba banikezeli balandelayo:

• I-audiologist, umboneleli wezempilo ojolise ekuchongeni, ekunyangeni nasekulawuleni ilahleko yokuva
• I-otolaryngologist (ENT), ugqirha oyingcali kunyango lwezifo kunye neemeko zeendlebe, impumlo kunye nomqala.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lokuva. Uhlobo lovavanyo olunikiweyo luxhomekeke kubudala kunye neempawu. Kubantwana nabantwana abancinci, ukuvavanywa kubandakanya ukusebenzisa iisenzi (ezibukeka njengezincamathelisi ezincinci) okanye inkqubo yokulinganisa ukuva. Abafuni mpendulo yomlomo. Abantwana abadala banokunikwa uvavanyo oluvakalayo. Uvavanyo lwezandi lujonga impendulo kwiithoni okanye amagama ahanjiswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, imiqulu, kunye / okanye indawo yengxolo.

Uvavanyo lokuphicotha kwengqondo (ABR).Oku kujonga ukulahleka kwendlebe Ilinganisa indlela ingqondo ephendula ngayo kwisandi. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iintsana, kubandakanya neentsana. Ngexesha lovavanyo:

• Isazi ngomsindo okanye omnye umboneleli uya kubeka ii-electrode entlokweni nasemva kwendlebe nganye. Ii-electrode zidityaniswe kwikhompyuter.
• Iifowuni zincinci ezincinci ziya kufakwa ngaphakathi ezindlebeni.
• Ukucofa kunye neetoni kuya kuthunyelwa kwi-earphone.
• Ii-electrode zilinganisa impendulo yengqondo kwizandi kwaye ziya kubonisa iziphumo kwikhompyuter.

Uvavanyo lwe-Otoacoustic emissions (OAE). Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa iintsana nabantwana abancinci. Ngexesha lovavanyo:

• Isazi ngomsindo okanye omnye umboneleli uya kubeka iprosesa encinci ejongeka njengefowuni ngaphakathi kwendlebe.
• Isandi siya kuthunyelwa kuphando.
• Iirekhodi zokuphanda kunye nokulinganisa impendulo yendlebe yangaphakathi kwizandi.
• Uvavanyo lunokufumana ukulahleka kokuva, kodwa alunakuchaza umahluko phakathi kokulahleka kokuqhuba kunye nokuva kwemvakalelo.

KwiTympanometry kuvavanya ukuba indlebe yakho ihamba njani. Ngexesha lovavanyo:

• I-audiologist okanye omnye umboneleli uya kubeka isixhobo esincinci ngaphakathi kumsele wendlebe.
• Isixhobo siya kutyhala umoya endlebeni, senze i-eardrum ihambe iye ngapha nangapha.
• Umatshini urekhoda intshukumo kwiigrafu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-tympanograms.
• Uvavanyo luyanceda ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba kukho usuleleko lwendlebe okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinje nge-fluid okanye i-wax buildup, okanye umngxunya okanye ukukrazuka kwindlebe.
• Olu vavanyo ludinga ukuba umntwana wakho ahlale ngokuzolileyo, ngoko ke alusetyenziswa rhoqo kwiintsana okanye kubantwana abancinci.

Ezi zilandelayo zezinye iintlobo zovavanyo lwesandi:

Imilinganiselo ye-Acoustic Reflex ekwabizwa ngokuba yindlebe yesihlunu esiphakathi kwendlebe (MEMR), vavanya ukuba indlebe iphendula njani kwizandi eziphakamileyo. Ekuveni okuqhelekileyo, umsipha omncinci ngaphakathi endlebeni uyaqina xa usiva ingxolo enkulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-acoustic reflex. Kwenzeka ungazi. Ngexesha lovavanyo:

• Isazi ngomsindo okanye omnye umboneleli uya kubeka incam ethambileyo yerabha ngaphakathi kwendlebe.
• Uthotho lwezandi ezikhulu ziya kuthunyelwa ngeengcebiso kwaye zirekhodwe kumatshini.
• Umatshini uya kubonisa xa okanye ukuba isandi sikhuphe ukubonakalisa.
• Ukuba ilahleko yokuva imbi, isandi kunganyanzeleka ukuba singxole kakhulu ukwenza i-reflex, okanye isenokungabangeli mdla kwaphela.

Uvavanyo lweetoni ezicocekileyo, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-audiometry. Ngexesha lovavanyo:

• Umntwana wakho uya kufaka ii-headphone.
• Uthotho lweetoni luya kuthunyelwa kwii-headphone.
• Isazi ngomsindo okanye omnye umboneleli uya kutshintsha i-pitch kunye nokugquma kweethoni kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lovavanyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iithoni zisenokungavakali kakuhle.
• Umboneleli uya kucela umntwana wakho ukuba aphendule nanini na xa esiva iithowuni. Impendulo inokuba kukuphakamisa isandla okanye ucofe iqhosha.
• Uvavanyo luyanceda ukufumana izandi ezizolileyo umntwana wakho anokukuva kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuvavanywa kweemfoloko zefolokhwe. Ifolokhwe yokulungisa sisixhobo esenziwe ngentsimbi esineethoni ezimbini esenza ithoni xa ingcangcazela. Ngexesha lovavanyo:

• Isazi ngomsindo okanye omnye umboneleli uya kubeka ifolokhwe yokulungisa ngasemva kwendlebe okanye ngaphezulu kwentloko.
• Umboneleli uya kubetha ifolokhwe ukuze yenze ithoni.
• Umntwana wakho uya kucelwa ukuba axelele umboneleli nanini na xa usiva ithoni kwimiqulu eyahlukeneyo, okanye ukuba uve isandi kwindlebe yasekhohlo, indlebe yasekunene, okanye zombini ngokulinganayo.
• Uvavanyo lunokubonisa ukuba kukho ilahleko yokuva kwindlebe enye okanye zombini. Ingabonisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lokulahleka kwendlebe umntwana wakho analo (lokuqhuba okanye lokuzivavanya).

Intetho kunye nokwamkelwa kwamagama Ungabonisa ukuba umntwana wakho uluva njani ulwimi oluthethwayo. Ngexesha lovavanyo:

• Umntwana wakho uya kufaka ii-headphone.
• Isazi ngomsindo siza kuthetha ngee-headphone, kwaye sicele umntwana wakho ukuba aphindaphinde uthotho lwamagama alula, athethwe ngemiqulu eyahlukeneyo.
• Umboneleli uya kurekhoda intetho ethambileyo umntwana wakho akwazi ukuyiva.
• Olunye uvavanyo lunokwenziwa kwindawo enengxolo, kuba abantu abaninzi abanengxaki yokuva abanengxaki yokuqonda intetho kwiindawo eziphezulu.
• Ezi mvavanyo zenziwa kubantwana abadala ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangathetha kwaye baqonde ulwimi.

Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo lokuva?

Umntwana wakho akadingi malungiselelo akhethekileyo kuvavanyo lokuva.

Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo lokuva?

Akukho bungozi bokuba kuvavanyo lokuva.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?

Iziphumo zakho zingabonisa ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokungeva, nokuba ngaba ilahleko yokuva iqhuba okanye i-sensorineural.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumanisa ukuba ulahlekile ngokuva, umboneleli wakho unokucebisa amayeza okanye utyando, kuxhomekeka kwisizathu sokulahleka.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyenwe enengxaki yokuva ngendlebe, iziphumo zakho zingabonisa ukuba ilahleko yokuva yile:

• Ubumnene: umntwana wakho akakwazi ukuva izandi ezithile, ezinje ngeethoni eziphakame kakhulu okanye eziphantsi kakhulu.
• Iphakathi: umntwana wakho akakwazi ukuva izandi ezininzi, njengokuthetha kwindawo enengxolo.
• Kakhulu: Umntwana wakho akakwazi kuva izandi ezininzi.
• Enzulu: umntwana wakho akakwazi kuva izandi.

Unyango kunye nolawulo lwe-sensorineural loss hearing hearing iya kuxhomekeka kubudala kunye nokuba bunzima kangakanani. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neziphumo, thetha nomboneleli wezempilo womntwana wakho.

Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga neemvavanyo zokuva?

Zininzi iindlela zokulawula ukulahleka kwendlebe. Nokuba ilahleko yokuva isisigxina, kukho iindlela zokulawula imeko yakho. Izinketho zonyango zibandakanya:

• Izinto zokuncedisa ukuva. Uncedo lokuva sisixhobo esinxitywa ngasemva okanye ngaphakathi endlebeni. Uncedo lokuva lwandisa (lwenza phezulu) isandi. Ezinye izixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva zinemisebenzi ephambili ngakumbi. Ugqirha wakho wezandi unokucebisa olona khetho lufanelekileyo kuwe.
• Ukufakwa kweCochlear. Esi sisixhobo esifakelwe ngotyando kwindlebe. Ihlala isetyenziswa kubantu abanokuphulukana nokuva kakhulu kwaye abangafumani nzuzo ingako ekusebenziseni izixhobo zokuva. Ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear kuthumela isandi ngqo kwi-nerve yeva.
• Ugqirha. Ezinye iintlobo zokuphulukana nendlebe zinokunyangwa ngoqhaqho. Oku kubandakanya iingxaki kwindlebe okanye kumathambo amancinci ngaphakathi endlebeni.

Ukongeza, unokufuna:

• Sebenza nababoneleli ngezempilo abanokukunceda wena nomntwana wakho ukunxibelelana. Oku kunokubandakanya abanyangi bokuthetha kunye / okanye iingcali ezibonelela ngoqeqesho kulwimi lwezandla, ukufunda imilebe, okanye ezinye iintlobo zeendlela zolwimi.
• Joyina amaqela enkxaso
• Cwangcisa ukutyelelwa rhoqo kunye ne-audiologist kunye / okanye i-otolaryngologist (indlebe, impumlo, kunye nogqirha womqala)

Izalathiso

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21. Ezempilo ze-UW [kwi-Intanethi]. Madison (WI): Izibhedlele zeYunivesithi yaseWisconsin kunye neGunya leKlinikhi; c2019. Ulwazi lwezeMpilo: Iimvavanyo zokuva: Iziphumo; [ihlaziywe ngo-2018 nge-28 kaMatshi; icatshulwe ngo-2019 nge-30 kaMatshi]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-8]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/hearing-tests/tv8475.html#tv8482
22. Ezempilo ze-UW [kwi-Intanethi]. Madison (WI): Izibhedlele zeYunivesithi yaseWisconsin kunye neGunya leKlinikhi; c2019. Ulwazi lwezeMpilo: Uvavanyo lokuva: iingozi; [ihlaziywe ngo-2018 nge-28 kaMatshi; icatshulwe ngo-2019 nge-30 kaMatshi]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-7]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/hearing-tests/tv8475.html#tv8481
23. Ezempilo ze-UW [kwi-Intanethi]. Madison (WI): Izibhedlele zeYunivesithi yaseWisconsin kunye neGunya leKlinikhi; c2019. Ulwazi lwezeMpilo: Uvavanyo lokuva: Amagqabantshintshi ovavanyo; [ihlaziywe ngo-2018 nge-28 kaMatshi; icatshulwe ngo-2019 nge-30 kaMatshi]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-2]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/hearing-tests/tv8475.html
24. Ezempilo ze-UW [kwi-Intanethi]. Madison (WI): Izibhedlele zeYunivesithi yaseWisconsin kunye neGunya leKlinikhi; c2019. Ulwazi lwezeMpilo: Uvavanyo lokuva: Kutheni lwenziwa; [ihlaziywe ngo-2018 nge-28 kaMatshi; icatshulwe ngo-2019 nge-30 kaMatshi]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-3]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/hearing-tests/tv8475.html#tv8477

Ulwazi olukule ndawo akufuneki lusetyenziswe endaweni yonyango okanye iingcebiso. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wezempilo ukuba unemibuzo malunga nempilo yakho.