Ngokuzenzekelayo hepatitis: yintoni, iimpawu eziphambili, isifo kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Ngokuzenzekelayo i-hepatitis xa ukhulelwe
• Uqinisekisa njani
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-autoimmune hepatitis sisifo esidala ukudumba okungapheliyo kwesibindi ngenxa yotshintsho kwinkqubo yamajoni omzimba, eqala ukwamkela iiseli zayo njengezangaphandle kunye nokuzihlasela, kubangele ukwehla kokusebenza kwesibindi kunye nokubonakala kweempawu ezinje iintlungu esiswini, isikhumba esimthubi kunye nesicaphucaphu esomeleleyo.

I-autoimmune hepatitis ihlala ibonakala ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-30 kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini. Oyena nobangela wesi sifo, ekunokwenzeka ukuba uhambelana notshintsho kwimfuzo, awukaziwa, kodwa kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ayisosifo sosulelayo kwaye, ke ngoko, asinokudluliselwa komnye umntu esiya komnye.

Ukongeza, hepatitis autoimmune lungohlulwa lube kathathu:

• Uhlobo lwe-hepatitis 1 oluzenzekelayo: ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwe-16 kunye ne-30 yeminyaka ubudala, ebonakaliswa bubukho be-antibodies ye-FAN kunye ne-AML kuvavanyo lwegazi, kwaye inokunxulunyaniswa nokubonakala kwezinye izifo ezizimele, ezinjenge-thyroiditis, isifo se-celiac, i-synovitis kunye ne-ulcerative colitis;
• Uhlobo lwe-hepatitis 2 oluzenzekelayo: ihlala ibonakala kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kweli-14, into elwa ne-anti-LKM1, kwaye inokubonakala ngokudibana nohlobo 1 lweswekile, vitiligo kunye autoimmune thyroiditis;

• Ukuzikhusela ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-hepatitis 3: iyafana nohlobo 1 lwe-hepatitis ezenzekelayo, ene-anti-SLA / LP antibody, kodwa kunokuba yomelele kune-1.

  
  

Nangona kungekho lunyango, i-autoimmune hepatitis inokulawulwa kakuhle ngonyango, olwenziwa ngamayeza okulawula ukungakhuseleki, njengePrednisone kunye neAzathioprine, ukongeza kukutya okunezakha-mzimba, ezityebile kwiziqhamo, imifuno kunye neenkozo, ezithintelwayo. - ukuselwa kotywala, amafutha, ukugqitha kokubulala kunye nezibulali zinambuzane. Utyando okanye ukufakelwa isibindi kuboniswa kuphela kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu ze-autoimmune hepatitis zihlala zihlala zingacacanga kwaye umfanekiso weklinikhi unokwahluka ukusuka kwisigulana esingafakwanga siphumo sokwehluleka kwesibindi. Ke, ezona mpawu ziphambili kunye neempawu ezinokubonisa i-autoimmune hepatitis yile:

• Ukudinwa kakhulu;
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya;
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha;
• Iintlungu rhoqo esiswini;
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha;
• Isikhumba esimthubi namehlo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-jaundice;
• Umzimba ophakathi
• Intlungu edibeneyo;
• Isisu esidumbileyo.

Ngokwesiqhelo esi sifo siqala ngokuthe ngcembe, sihamba kancinci ukusuka kwiiveki ukuya kwiinyanga de sikhokelele kwi-fibrosis yesibindi kunye nokuphulukana nomsebenzi, ukuba isifo asichongwanga kwaye asinyangwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, esi sifo sinokuba mandundu ngokukhawuleza, sibizwa ngokuba yi-fulminant hepatitis, esibi kakhulu kwaye sinokubangela ukufa. Yazi ukuba yintoni kunye nokuba yeyiphi ingozi ye-hepatitis egcweleyo.

Ukongeza, kwinani elincinci lamatyala, esi sifo asinakubangela zimpawu, ukufunyanwa kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo, olubonisa ukwanda kwee enzymes zesibindi. Kubalulekile ukuba uxilongo lwenziwe kwangoko ukwenzela ukuba unyango lukhawuleziswe ngugqirha, lukwazi ukunqanda iingxaki, ezinje ngokuqina kwesibindi, i-ascites kunye ne-hepatic encephalopathy.

Ngokuzenzekelayo i-hepatitis xa ukhulelwe

Iimpawu zesifo sokuzimela komzimba ekukhulelweni ziyafana nezo zesifo ngaphandle kweli xesha kwaye kubalulekile ukuba owesifazana akhatshwe ngugqirha obelethisa ukujonga ukuba akukho bungozi kuye nakusana, nto leyo inqabileyo xa isifo usafumana kwinqanaba lokuqala.

Kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abanezifo eziphucukileyo kwaye bane-cirrhosis njengengxaki, ukubeka esweni kubaluleke ngakumbi, kuba kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, ubunzima bokuzalwa okuphantsi kunye nemfuno yecandelo le-cesarean. Ke, kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha obelethisayo abonise olona nyango lululo, oluqhele ukwenziwa nge-corticosteroid, efana nePrednisone.

Uqinisekisa njani

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hepatitis yokuzimela komzimba kwenziwa ngokuvavanya iimpawu kunye neempawu ezichazwe ngumntu kunye nesiphumo sovavanyo lwebhubhoratri ekufuneka icelwe ngugqirha. Olunye lweemvavanyo eziqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-hepatitis yokuzimela komzimba yi-biopsy yesibindi, apho iqhekeza leli lungu liqokelelwa kwaye lithunyelwe kwibhubhoratri ukujonga utshintsho kwizicubu ezibonisa i-hepatitis yokuzimela.

Ukongeza, ugqirha unokuyalela ukulinganiswa kwee-enzyme zesibindi, ezinje nge-TGO, TGP kunye ne-alkaline phosphatase, ukongeza kwimilinganiselo ye-immunoglobulins, antibodies kunye ne-serology ye-hepatitis A, B kunye ne-C virus.

Indlela yokuphila yomntu ikwathathelwa ingqalelo ngexesha lokuchongwa, njengokuselwa kotywala kakhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza ayityhefu kwisibindi, esenza ukuba kungabikho ezinye izinto ezibangela iingxaki zesibindi.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-autoimmune hepatitis luboniswa yi-hepatologist okanye i-gastroenterologist, kwaye kuqalwa ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ze-corticosteroid, ezinje nge-Prednisone, okanye ii-immunosuppressants, ezinje ngeAzathioprine, enciphisa ukudumba kwesibindi ngokukugcina phantsi kolawulo kule minyaka idlulileyo, kwaye inokuba yenziwe ekhaya. Kwezinye iimeko, ngakumbi kwizigulana ezincinci, ukusetyenziswa kwendibaniselwano yePrednisone neAzathioprine kunokucetyiswa ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba izigulana ezine-hepatitis ezizimelayo zitye ukutya okwahlukeneyo kunye nokutya okunempilo, ukunqanda ukusela utywala okanye ukutya ukutya okunamafutha kakhulu, njengeesoseji kunye nokutya okulula.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, apho kungenakwenzeka ukulawula ukuvuvukala kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, utyando lokufakelwa kwesibindi, olubandakanya ukutshintsha isibindi esigulayo kunye nesempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, njenge-autoimmune hepatitis inxulumene nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela hayi kwisibindi, emva kokufakelwa kunokwenzeka ukuba esi sifo siphinde sikhule.