Hypoparathyroidism: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Izizathu ezinokubakho ze-hypoparathyroidism
• Iimbangela ze-hypoparathyroidism
• Unobangela hypoparathyroidism yesibini
• Oonobangela bepseudohypoparathyroidism

I-Hypoparathyroidism ibhekisa kuseto lwezifo, okanye iimeko, ezikhokelela ekwehleni kwentshukumo yehomoni ye-PTH, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-parathormone.

Le hormone iveliswa ngamadlala amathandathu e-parathyroid, angama-4 amadlala amancinci abekwe emva kwedlala lengqula kwaye yihomoni ebalulekileyo ethi, kunye nevithamini D, igcine amanqanaba e-calcium egazini.

Ke, xa kukho ukunqongophala kwe-PTH emzimbeni, kuqhelekile ukujonga ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-calcium egazini, eyaziwa njenge-hypocalcemia, enokubangela imiqondiso enjengobuthathaka, ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha, utshintsho emathanjeni, iingxaki zemithambo-luvo okanye iingxaki zentliziyo. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-hypocalcemia kunye nento enokubangela.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zehypoparathyroidism ikakhulu zihambelana neengxaki ezibangelwa kukungasebenzi kwe-PTH. Ke, ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinokuvela zibandakanya:

• Iinyanda ezinamandla;
• Ukudumba kwezihlunu;
• Buthathaka kwezihlunu okanye iintlungu;
• Ukuxhuzula ngokubanzi;
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo

Kuba i-PTH yihormone elawula ikhalsiyam, xa kungekho PTH yaneleyo, ikhalsiyam ayinako ukufunxwa ngokufanelekileyo emathunjini kwaye isapheliswa kumchamo, kukhokelela kumanqanaba asezantsi e-calcium egazini okanye kwi-hypocalcemia.

Ukuqina kweempawu kuxhomekeke kubukhali nakwisantya sokulahleka kwamanqanaba e-calcium. Izigulana ezininzi ezine-hypoparathyroidism zi-asymptomatic, kwaye zineempawu kuphela xa kukho imfuneko ye-calcium emzimbeni, njengaxa ukhulelwe, ukuncancisa okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezinciphisa i-calcium.

Kwiimeko ezinganyangekiyo nezinobulali, akunakubakho zimpawu, kwaye esi sifo sifunyanwa kuphela kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo, okanye kunokubakho iimpawu ezinobulali ezinjengokurhawuzelela nokungabikho kovakalelo ezinyaweni, ezandleni okanye emlonyeni.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-hypoparathyroidism luneyona njongo iphambili yokulawula ukwehla kwe-calcium emzimbeni, kwaye kufuneka lukhokelwe yi-endocrinologist ngokwesizathu sayo, ubungqongqo, iimpawu kunye namanqanaba egazi egazi.

Xa amanqanaba e-calcium ephantsi kakhulu, ngaphantsi kwe-7.5mg / dl, i-hypocalcemia enzima ibonakala kwaye, kwezi meko, unyango esibhedlele luyimfuneko, ngokufakwa kwe-calcium ngqo emthanjeni, nge-calcium gluconate.

Xa i-hypocalcemia ithambile kwaye inganyangeki, unyango lubandakanya ukubuyisela i-calcium kunye nevithamin D ngomlomo. I-Magnesium inceda ukukhuthaza imveliso ye-PTH kwaye, ke, kunokuba luncedo, ngakumbi xa amanqanaba ayo esezantsi. Olunye ulungiso, olufana ne-thiazide diuretics okanye ukutshintshwa kwe-PTH ephindayo, inokucetyiswa yi-endocrinologist, kuxhomekeke kwimeko nganye.

Izizathu ezinokubakho ze-hypoparathyroidism

I-Hypoparathyroidism inokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezimbini eziphambili, kuxhomekeka kwizizathu ezikhokelela ekusebenzeni kwe-PTH:

• Isiseko sehypoparathyroidism: Kwenzeka xa ukuveliswa kwe-PTH kungasebenzi ngenxa yokuba amadlala anengxaki okanye asuswe.
• Isekondari hypoparathyroidism: kuxa olunye uvuselelo, olunje ngemagniziyam ephantsi, lubangela ukuba amadlala avelise i-PTH encinci ngaphandle kwengxaki kuyo.

Kukwakhona imeko yesithathu, ekuthiwa yi-pseudo-hypoparathyroidism, eyenzeka kwizifo ezizuzwe njengelifa, oko kukuthi, ezidlula kwimizila yemfuza yosapho, ukusuka kubazali kuye ebantwaneni, kunye nokonyusa ukunganyangeki kumalungu apho i-hormone kufuneka isebenze khona. Ke, ihomoni ayikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo nangona iveliswa ngobuninzi ngokwenziwa ngamadlala.

Iimbangela ze-hypoparathyroidism

Olu hlobo lwenzeka amaxesha amaninzi ngenxa yokususwa kwamadlala e-parathyroid, kwimeko zonyango lwe-hyperparathyroidism, umzekelo, kodwa inokubakho ngenxa yokulimala ngengozi kwidlala ze-parathyroid. Eli tyala lenzeka xa utyando lwenziwa kwingingqi yentamo, eyile idlala lengqula, yomhlaza okanye yamaqhuqhuva. Njengoko ulwakhiwo lusondele kakhulu kwaye amadlala amancinci kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukubabona nokuwahlula kwezinye izakhiwo. Jonga xa kufuneka ususwe i-thyroid kunye nendlela ekubuyiswa ngayo.

Unobangela hypoparathyroidism yesibini

Olu hlobo lwe-hypoparathyroidism luhlala lubangelwa kukusilela kwe-magnesium.

Nangona i-magnesium encinci iphantsi inokuvuselela imveliso ye-PTH, xa i-magnesium isezantsi kakhulu, kwaye ixesha elide, ithumela umyalezo kwi-parathyroid ukuba ingavelisi i-PTH engaphezulu kwaye isenza ukuba amalungu angakhathali kwihomoni, ukuze ayikwazi ukwenza, ibangela i-hypoparathyroidism.

Oonobangela bepseudohypoparathyroidism

I-Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism ibhekisa kuseto lwezifo apho utshintsho lwemfuza, oluhlala ludla njengelifa, lubangela ukuba izicwili zomzimba zingakhathaleli isenzo se-PTH. Kukho iintlobo ezi-3 ze-pseudohypoparathyroidism, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngaba zinxulumene nesifo esinqabileyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy kunye nohlobo lokuchasana ne-PTH olubangelwa.

Ukuphendula ukungabikho kwentshukumo ye-PTH, amadlala ayonyuka ngobukhulu kwaye azama ukuvelisa i-PTH engaphezulu, ngamanqanaba aqhelekileyo okanye aphezulu e-PTH egazini, kodwa le PTH ayinakho ukwenza. Ke ngoko, umfanekiso weklinikhi uyafana nokahypoparathyroidism, njengoko ingathi ihormone ibingekho. Ke ngoko, ayinakubizwa ngokuba yi-hypoparathyroidism, kuba ngokwenyani amanqanaba e-PTH ajikelezayo aqhelekile okanye andisiwe, emva koko kuthiwa yi-pseudo-hypoparathyroidism, oko kukuthi "kufana ne-hypoparathyroidism".