Yintoni i-hypoxia, unobangela kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Yintoni ebangela i-hypoxia
• Zithini iindidi
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• I-sequelae enokwenzeka
• Umahluko wehypoxia kunye nehypoxemia

IHypoxia yimeko eyenzekayo xa isixa seoksijini esithunyelwa kwizicubu zomzimba singonelanga, sibangela iimpawu ezinjengentloko, ukozela, ukubila okubandayo, ukuprinta iminwe kunye nomlomo nkqu nokufa isiqaqa. Olu tshintsho lunokwenzeka ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo, njenge-infyoction ye-myocardial, kunye nezifo zemiphunga, ezinje nge-asthma kunye ne-lung lung edema, kodwa inokuvela ngenxa ye-anemia kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu.

Unyango lwe-hypoxia luxhomekeke kwisizathu, ubungqongqo kunye nemeko yempilo yomntu, nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, kubandakanya ukulawulwa kweoksijini ngokusebenzisa iimaski okanye nge-orotracheal intubation. Le meko inokubangela i-sequelae emzimbeni, ke xa kuvela iimpawu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubize i-ambulensi ye-SAMU ngo-192 kwangoko.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zehypoxia ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, njengoko kuxhomekeke kubukhali bokungabikho kweoksijini kwizicubu zomzimba, kodwa kunokuba zezi:

• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Ubuthathaka;
• Ukunyuka kwentliziyo;
• Ukubila okubandayo;
• Ukuphefumla okufutshane;
• Isiyezi;
• Ukudideka kwengqondo;
• Ukufa;
• Iminwe ebomvu kunye nomlomo, obizwa ngokuba yi-cyanosis;

I-Cyanosis ivela kuba imithambo yegazi emaphethelweni omzimba inyanzelisa ukuthumela igazi elininzi kunye neoksijini engakumbi kumalungu aphambili omzimba kwaye ngenxa yoku, ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi kuyenzeka. Funda kabanzi malunga ne-cyanosis kunye nendlela ehlelwa ngayo.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko i-hypoxia iya isiba mbi, uxinzelelo lwegazi luyancipha kwaye umntu unokuphulukana nokuqonda, ke xa kuvela iimpawu zokuqala, kubalulekile ukubiza i-ambulensi ye-SAMU ngo-192, ngoko nangoko, ukwenzela ukuba unyango olukhawulezileyo lwenziwe, kuthintelwe iingxaki ezinokubakho.

Yintoni ebangela i-hypoxia

I-Hypoxia yenzeka xa inani leoksijini kwizicwili lingonelanga kwaye oku kunokubangelwa zizizathu ezininzi, ezinje ngokusilela ekuphefumlweni, isifuba, i-pulmary emphysema, i-acema lung edema kunye ne-pneumonia, njengoko zibangela ukungena kweoksijini emiphungeni kungasebenzi. . Olunye utshintsho lweeurological olubangelwa kukuqaqanjelwa yintloko kunokubangela i-hypoxia, njengoko iphazamisa imisebenzi yokuphefumla.

IHemoglobin, ekhoyo egazini, inoxanduva lokuhambisa ioksijini kumalungu omzimba kwaye iphantsi kubantu abane-anemia, enokubangela i-hypoxia kwizicubu zomzimba, nokuba ukuphefumla kugcinwa. Esinye isizathu sehypoxia inokuba kukunxila yimveliso enje ngecyanide, icarbon dioxide kunye neziyobisi zengqondo.

Ukongeza, ezinye izifo zentliziyo, ezinje nge-myocardial infarction ebukhali, zithintela ukujikeleza kwegazi ngokuthintela ioksijini ukuba ingahanjiswa iye kwizicubu zomzimba. Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kakhulu okanye ezinzulu, isixa seoksijini sisezantsi kakhulu, ke ukuba umntu ukule ndawo, unokufumana isifo sehypoxia.

Zithini iindidi

Iindidi zehypoxia zinxulumene nesizathu sokunqongophala kweoksijini emzimbeni, onokuba:

• Ukuphefumla ngokuphefumla: Iziphumo zokuncipha konikezelo lweoksijini emiphungeni, ezibangelwa kukungabikho okanye ukuncipha kokuphefumla, mhlawumbi ngenxa yesifo esithile okanye ngenxa yothintelo lomoya;
• Ihypoxia egazini: kwenzeka xa isixa se-hemoglobin esegazini siphantsi kakhulu, sikhokelela ekunciphiseni ioksijini ethuthwa kwigazi;
• Ukujikeleza kwehypoxia: ivela kwiimeko apho ukulahleka kwegazi kubangela ukuba utshintshiselwano ngegesi emiphungeni kungenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, njengokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo;
• Ihypoxia yamalungu athile: Kuyenzeka xa umthambo welinye ilungu uvalekile, ukuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nokunciphisa inani leoksijini kuloo ndawo, ngenxa yesifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, umzekelo.

Kukho uhlobo lwe-hypoxia enxulumene nokuzalwa kwentliziyo ngokuzalwa, njenge-Fallot's tetralogy, eyenza ukuba imithambo enesiphene ingakwazi ukuthwala ioksijini iye kwizitho ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni, ezinje ngengqondo, umzekelo. Bona ngakumbi ukuba unyango lwe-tetralogy ye-Fallot lwenziwa njani.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwehypoxia lusekwe ikakhulu kulawulo lweoksijini ngokusebenzisa iimaski, iicathet zempumlo okanye iintente zeoksijini, iimpawu zokungenisa umoya okungafunekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezona meko zinzima, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kufakwe ityhubhu ngomlomo ukuhambisa ioksijini ngqo kwimiphunga, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-orotracheal intubation.

Ukuba i-hypoxia ibangelwa yi-anemia, ukulawulwa kweoksijini akuyi kuba neziphumo ezonelisayo, kuba nokuba inani leoksijini emzimbeni liyonyuka, kukho isixa esoneleyo seehemoglobin, ezingakwaziyo ukufaka ioksijini kuzo zonke izicwili, ngoko ke kufuneka utofelo-gazi ukuze uhambise ihemoglobin eninzi egazini. Funda ngakumbi ngendlela utofelo-gazi olwenziwa ngayo.

Kwangokunjalo, xa isifo sentliziyo esiqatha sibangela i-hypoxia, ukujikeleza kwegazi kuyasilela kwaye kuqinisekisa nje ukuphefumla akonelanga, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa iingxaki kuqala, njengokuhlinzwa, umzekelo.

I-sequelae enokwenzeka

I-Hypoxia inokubangela i-sequelae emzimbeni kwaye ixhomekeke kwixesha lomntu ebengakhange aphefumle kunye nexesha apho umzimba ubungenayo i-oxygen eyimfuneko ukugcina imisebenzi yayo ebalulekileyo. Utshintsho kwinkqubo ye-nervous central lubonisa ezona ziphumo ziphambili zehypoxia, ekhokelela ekungahambini kakuhle komzimba kunye nemisebenzi engalunganga njengokuhamba, ukuthetha, ukutya nokubona.

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa i-hypoxia inzima kakhulu kwaye umntu engakwazi ukuphefumla yedwa, kunyanzelekile ukuba kwenziwe intubation, Oko kukuthi, izixhobo kufuneka zaziswe ukunceda inkqubo yokuphefumla, kwaye rhoqo, ugqirha ubonakalisa ikhoma ebangelwe. Jonga ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuba ukoma kunye neminye imiqondiso.

Umahluko wehypoxia kunye nehypoxemia

Ngamanye amaxesha i-hypoxia iyabhidaniswa negama elithi hypoxemia, nangona kunjalo, babhekisa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ihypoxemia ichazwa njengokuxinana kweoksijini egazini, oko kukuthi, xa ukugcwala kweoksijini, kulinganiswa kusetyenziswa i-pulse oximetry, ikwixabiso eliphantsi lama-90%, i-hypoxia ibonakaliswa njengokuncitshiswa kweoksijini kwizicwili zomzimba. . Ngokwesiqhelo, iimpawu ziyafana kakhulu, njengoko i-hypoxia inokwenzeka njengesiphumo sehypoxemia.