Indlela Owasetyhini Owawophula Ngayo Umlutha We-Meth kwaye Waba Sempilweni

Umxholo

• USusan: Ngaphambi
• Ingqondo eqaqambileyo ingena kumaxesha amnyama
• USusan: Emva
• Ukuphinda ufumane uLawulo ngokuLungileyo
• USusan: Ngoku
• Umgaqo we-No-Flour-or-Sugar
• Ukutya kunye namaxabiso
• Ukuyihlawula Phambili
• Uphengululo lwe

USusan Peirce Thompson uhambe ngaphezulu kweminyaka yakhe yokuqala engama-26 yobomi kunokuba uninzi lwabantu luya kuze lubekho ebomini babo bonke: iziyobisi ezinzima, ukuba likhoboka lokutya, ukuzicekisa, ubuhenyu, ukuyeka isikolo kumabanga aphakamileyo kunye nokungabi namakhaya.

Ukanti xa sasithetha noSusan emnxebeni, uvuyo namandla akhe avela ngokucace gca, ilizwi lakhe liqaqamba. Xa sibuza ukuba uphila njani, wathi "uyamangalisa." Namhlanje, uSusan une-PhD kwingqondo kunye nakwisayensi yokuqonda, ungumnini weshishini eliphumelelayo lokwehlisa ubunzima, ucocekile kwaye akanasidima kangangeminyaka engama-20, kwaye ubuye ukusuka kubukhulu be-16 ukuya kubukhulu besine. Ukuba ucinga "Ngubani, yintoni?" emva koko ulungele iimfihlo ezingemva kwempumelelo kaSusan kunye nohambo olunzima ekwafuneka alunyamezele ukuze afike apho.

USusan: Ngaphambi

Ingqondo eqaqambileyo ingena kumaxesha amnyama

USusan wakhulela kwindawo entle yaseSan Francisco, apho wayekuthanda ukupheka kunye nokugqwesa esikolweni. Kodwa njengoko wayeza kufunda kamva, ingqondo yakhe yayixhonywe ukuba likhoboka, kwaye ebutsheni bakhe iziyobisi zakhe zazikukutya. "Ubunzima bam bandihlukumeza. Ndandikuphela komntwana [ongenabo] abahlobo abaninzi," watsho. "Bendinazo ezi yure emva kwesikolo ndedwa, apho ukutya kuye kwaba liqabane lam, uchulumanco lwam, icebo lam." Xa wayeneminyaka eli-12 ubudala, uSusan wayesele etyebe ngokugqithiseleyo.

Xa uSusan wayeneminyaka eli-14 ubudala, wafumanisa “esona sicwangciso sibalaseleyo sokutya okwakha kwakho”: iziyobisi. Wachaza amava akhe okuqala ngamakhowa, uhambo lwakhe lobusuku bonke, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ulahlekelwe ziiponti ezisixhenxe ngosuku olunye. Amakhowa yayilisango lakhe lokuya kumachiza aqina ngakumbi, aqala ngecrystal methamphetamine.

"ICrystal meth yayilelona chiza lifanelekileyo lokutya, emva koko yayiyicocaine, emva koko yabangela icocaine," utshilo uSusan. "Ndiyekile kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Bendiphulukana nobunzima, kwaye nge-crystal meth ndabhitya. Ndandinengqondo. Ndabutshisa ubomi bam emhlabeni."

Kude kube ade aphume kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, uSusan wayengumfundi othe ngqo, kodwa iziyobisi kunye neziyobisi zamfumana kakuhle. Ngeminyaka engama-20, wayehlala ngaphandle kwe "hotele e-crack" eSan Francisco njengentombazana yokufowuna.

“Ndifike ezantsi kakhulu,” wasixelela. "Ndandingunongogo ndinentloko echetyiweyo kunye newigi eblond. Ndiza kuphuma ndiyokusebenza, ndenze iwaka leedola ngobusuku... USusan wathi uza kutshaya aqhekeze iintsuku ezininzi. "Yayibubomi bam obo. Kwakunjalo."

Ngo-Agasti ka-1994, kwavela intwana yethemba. Ukhumbula umhla kunye nomzuzu ocacileyo. "Kwakungo-10 ekuseni ngolwe-Lwesibini. Ndandinomzuzu omnye obanzi, ocacileyo nolumkileyo apho ndafumana khona ulwazi olupheleleyo ngemeko yam, imeko yam, ukuba ndingubani, ukuba bendiyintoni," utshilo. "Yayibanjelwe apho kumfanekiso ophilileyo onqunyanyisiweyo kwaye ithelekiswa nento endandiyinqwenela, ubomi ebendinethemba lokuba nabo. Bendifuna ukuya eHarvard."

USusan wayesazi ukuba kufuneka enze okuthile ngoko nangoko. "Umyalezo endandiwuva ngalomzuzu wawucacile kwaye ukhombe kwelinye: 'Ukuba awuphakami uphume apha ngoku, yiyo yonke into oza kuba yiyo.'" Wafuna indawo yokuhlala indlu yomhlobo, wazihlambulula, kwaye waqala ukubuyela endleleni.

Ummangalelwa wambuza ngomhla ongahambelaniyo kwaye wamsa kwintlanganiso yamanyathelo ali-12 kwigumbi elingaphantsi kweGrace Cathedral, nanjengoko uSusan ebeka, " Khange asele notywala okanye iziyobisi ukusukela ngala mini.

USusan: Emva

"Ndiyazi ukuba ndiza kuba nesisindo kwakamsinya nje ndakuyeka ukwenza, kwaye ndenza njalo," utshilo uSusan. "Ndabhaloni ndabuyela emva, kwaye yayibuyele kwi-rigmarole yokutya: iipayinti ze-ayisikrimu ebusuku, iimbiza zepasta, ukuphila ngokutya okukhawulezayo, iminqweno, i-hankerings, [kunye] nokuphuma phakathi. ebusuku kwivenkile yokutya."

USusan waqonda le pateni kwangoko. “Ngelo xesha ndandikwinkqubo enamanyathelo ali-12, kwaye ndandisazi ukuba ndisebenzisa ukutya njengesiyobisi; ndandiyibona ngokucacileyo njengemini,” watsho. "Ingqondo yam yayixhonywe ukuba ibe likhoboka. Ngelo xesha, ii-receptors zam zedopamine zazikhutshiwe zivela kwi-cocaine, i-crystal meth, kunye nokuqhekeka. Ndifuna ukulungiswa kunye neswekile yayikhona."

Ubudlelwane bakhe kunye nokutya bahluke kakhulu ngeli xesha ebomini bakhe kunokuba kwakunjalo xa wayengumntwana, elungiselela isidlo sangokuhlwa se-multicourse ekhitshini losapho lwakhe. "Ndafika kwinqanaba apho ndandisitya khona iinyembezi zisihla ebusweni bam. Bendingafuni ukuba nguSusan kunye nomcimbi wokutya kwakhona; ndichithe ixesha elide ukuba [kuye]."

USusan wayesazi ukuba kufuneka afunde ngakumbi malunga nengqondo yomntu- kwaye ngakumbi ngengqondo yakhe- ukufikelela kwingcambu yotyekelo lokulutha. Iya kuba sisisombululo sodwa kwidabi leminyaka elide kunye nokutya, ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nokuzithoba. Uzibeke kwimfundo engqongqo, ekugqibeleni waba yingcali yengqondo enezidanga ezivela e-UC Berkeley, iDyunivesithi yaseRochester, kunye ne-UNSW eSydney, apho wayesenza khona umsebenzi wakhe we-postdoctorate. Wanikezela umsebenzi wakhe wokufunda ekufundeni ubuchopho kunye nefuthe lokutya kuyo.

Ukuphinda ufumane uLawulo ngokuLungileyo

Uchaze ukuba ingcamango "yonke into emodareyithayo" ayiyonto ilingana nayo yonke into. Ufanise ukuba likhoboka lokutya kwakhe nomntu one-emphysema ngenxa yokutshaya. Awunakumxelela loo mntu ukuba amkele "inkqubo yokumodareyithwa kwe-nicotine" -uya kubaxelela ukuba bayeke ukutshaya. "Ukutya okunene kuzibophelela kakuhle kwimodeli yokuyeka. Kukho inkululeko yokungaziniki."

USusan uhlala edibana nabantu besithi, "Ewe, kufuneka utye ukuze uphile!" USusan uthi, "Kuya kufuneka utye ukuze uphile, kodwa akufuneki utye idonathi ukuze uphile." Ngemfundo yakhe, amava, kunye nolwazi lwengqondo, wayekulungele ukutshintsha ubomi bakhe bubengcono kwaye akwazi ukulawula ubudlelwane bakhe obuxhaphazayo kunye nokutya.

Emva kokufumana iBaha'i Faith, uSusan wajika wacamngca. Ngoku ucamngca imizuzu engama-30 ntsasa nganye njengenxalenye yesithethe sakhe semihla ngemihla. Umzuzu otshintsha ubomi wafika kuye ngenye intsasa, "Lusuku endilubalayo njengesiqalo sempumelelo endinayo ngoku ngokutya," utshilo. "Amagama athi 'ukutya okuqaqambileyo' afika kum."

Zithini imigca eqaqambileyo kaSusan? Zine: akukho mgubo, akukho shukela, kukutya kuphela kwizidlo, kunye nokulawula ubungakanani. Unamathele kuyo kangangeminyaka eli-13 kwaye ugcine umzimba wakhe wobungakanani-abane ngeli xesha linye. Abantu bacinga ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo abantu bayabhitya xa bezama ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ayihlali ixesha elide; abantu bahlala beyibuyisela. Kodwa akayifumananga, akukho neponti enye. Nantsi indlela.

USusan: Ngoku

Umgaqo we-No-Flour-or-Sugar

“Inombolo yokuqala ayinaswekile nakanye,” utshilo. "Anditshayi crack kwaye andiseli tywala kwaye andityi neswekile. Yinto ecacileyo leyo kum." Ivakala kakhulu, akunjalo? Kodwa iyavakala ngokupheleleyo kwisazi se-neuroscientist njengoSusan. "Iswekile sisiyobisi, kwaye ingqondo yam iyitolika njengesiyobisi; inye kakhulu, kwaye iwaka alinakuze lanele."

Ukuba ukuyeka iswekile ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngokusisigxina kuvakala kungenakwenzeka, thabatha induduzo kwimpumelelo kaSusan. Usibalisele ibali malunga nendlela awayeqabe ngayo amakhekhe aluhlaza kwimini yokuzalwa kwentombi yakhe kwindawo yokudlala, kwaye wathi akufumana iqabaka ezandleni zakhe, kwavakala ngathi "spackle" okanye "iplastiki," hayi ukutya. Wayengenasilingo sokukhotha iqabaka ezandleni zakhe, kuba yayingathandeki kuye, kwaye wahamba ubude bebala lebhola epakini ukuya kwindawo anokuhlamba kuyo izandla. Wenza i-french toast rhoqo ngoLwesibini kusasa kusapho lwakhe, phambi kokuba ajike azenzele isitya seoatmeal. Ulawula ngokupheleleyo nangokupheleleyo ngoku.

"Inani lesibini alikho umgubo. Ndizamile ukuyeka iswekile ngaphandle kokuyeka umgubo, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ndaqaphela ukutya kwam okubandakanya i-chow mein, i-potstickers, i-quesadillas, i-pasta, isonka." Isazi se-neuroscientist eSusan saqaphela ipateni apha ngokunjalo. "Umgubo ubetha [ingqondo] kanye njengeswekile kwaye wosula ii-dopamine receptors." Kuthetha ukuthini oku, ukubeka ngokulula, kukuba ingqondo yakho ayiyi kuba neempawu zokuyeka ukutya, kuba inkqubo yakho yokuvuza ayisebenzi kakuhle (yiloo nto yenzekayo ngamachiza, nawo-ubuchopho bakho buba nemeko kwaye ekugqibeleni awukwazi. yeka).

"Iswekile kunye nomgubo zifana neziyobisi ezimhlophe; njenge heroine, njenge-cocaine. Sithatha i-essence yangaphakathi yesityalo kwaye siyayicoca kwaye siyihlambulule ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo; yinkqubo efanayo."

Ukutya kunye namaxabiso

"Ukutya kathathu ngemini kungekho nto phakathi," utshilo uSusan. "Ndingumlandeli omkhulu wokungabikho kwe-snacking, nanini. Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezifanelekileyo. "

“Amandla ayaguquka,” uSusan wasixelela. "Ukuba ungomntu onengxaki nobunzima bakho okanye ukutya kwakho kwaye ulwa nako lonke ixesha, yenye yezona zinto zinzima ukoyisa." Ucacisile ukuba senza ukhetho olunxulumene nokutya yonke imihla kwaye "awusoze uphumelele ukuba ukutya kwakho kuyaqhubeka ukuhlala kwindawo yokhetho. Ukuba uzama ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo yonke imihla, ufile emanzini. "

Ke uzenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukutya kwakhe ngokungathi uhlamba amazinyo akhe. "Yenze icace kakhulu xa utya kwaye ungatyi." Une-oatmeal kunye namajikijolo aneflakisi yomhlaba kunye namandongomane kusasa. Uza kuba nebhega ye veggie ene veggies eqhotsiweyo kunye neoyile yekhokhonathi encinci eneapile enkulu ngesidlo sasemini. Ngesidlo sangokuhlwa utya isalmon eyojiweyo, iibrussels sprouts, kunye nesaladi enkulu eneoli yeflakisi, iviniga yebhalsamu, kunye negwele lesondlo.

Ngaphandle kokuzenzela ezi zidlo kunye nokutya kuphela ekutyeni, uSusan unamathela ekulinganiseni nasekulinganiseni izixa kunye nokuba nesikali sokutya sedijithali okanye umthetho othi "ipleyiti enye, akukho mizuzwana". Oku kuzenzekelayo kumgcina ekucingeni ngokutya, kungashiyi ndawo yempazamo.

Ukuyihlawula Phambili

Ukucamngca nge-epiphany uSusan wayenayo malunga "nokutya okuqaqambileyo" kwafika nento ayibiza ngokuba ngumyalezo ocacileyo wokubhala incwadi. "Ndibethwe kukutshutshiswa kokubandezeleka kunye nemithandazo yokuphelelwa lithemba kwezigidi zabantu ababambelele ukuzama ukunciphisa umzimba."

Wayekulungele ukwabelana ngamava akhe, imfundo, kunye nolwazi olutshintsha ubomi kunye nehlabathi. "Ndandingumfundisi-ntsapho wekholeji oqeqeshiweyo, ngoku ndingumfundisi-ntsapho onxulumene nobuchopho kunye nesayensi yolwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseRochester; ndandifundisa izifundo zam zekholeji kwisayikholoji yokutya; Ndixhase abantu abali-gazillion kwinqanaba elili-12 Inkqubo yokulutha ekutyeni; Ndincede abantu abaninzi ukuba banciphise ubunzima babo kwaye ndibugcine. Bendisazi ngenkqubo esebenzayo ehambelana nale migca eqaqambileyo.

USusan wazomeleza kwaye watshintsha imeko yakhe ukuba abe sisifundiswa kunye nososayensi, umnini-shishini ophumeleleyo, umfazi kunye nomama, into aziqhenyayo ngayo. Ngoku unceda abanye ngeshishini lakhe, ngokufanelekileyo elibizwa ngokuba yiBright Line Eating, usebenzisa indlela yakhe emiliselwe kwi-neuroscience ukunceda abantu ukuba banciphise umzimba, bophule umjikelo wokukhotyokiswa, kwaye bahlale besempilweni ngonaphakade. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sele efikelele kwisiqingatha sesigidi sabantu kwihlabathi liphela. Incwadi yakhe, Ukutya okuMdaka ngokuBomvu: Inzululwazi yokuPhila ulonwabo, u-Thin, kunye Simahla iphuma nge-21 kaMatshi kwaye iya kuchaza zonke iinkcukacha zohambo lwakhe kunye nendlela onokuyisebenzisa ngayo ebomini bakho.

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