Ungasithintela njani isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo: Ngaba kunokwenzeka?

Umxholo

• Yintoni isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?
• Ngaba ungasithintela isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?
• Zilolonge
• Yitya kakuhle
• Musa ukutshaya
• Yiya lula ngotywala
• Gcina ingqondo yakho isebenza
• Lawula impilo iyonke
• Zeziphi izinto eziqhelekileyo zomngcipheko wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?
• Sifumana njani isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?
• Sinyangwa njani isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?
• Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?
• Umgca wezantsi

Inkumbulo ebunayo kancinci ayiqhelekanga njengoko ukhula, kodwa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sikhulu kakhulu kunoko. Akuyona into eqhelekileyo yokuguga.

Kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, okanye ubuncinci ukuthoba isantya. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ezinye izizathu zingaphandle kolawulo lwakho, awunakukuthintela ngokupheleleyo.

Makhe siqwalasele ezinye zezizathu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nento onokuyenza ngoku ukuqala ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

Yintoni isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ligama lengubo ngenxa yokuphulukana nomsebenzi ongokwengqondo ongapheliyo. Akusiyo isifo, kodwa iqela leempawu ezinezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Zimbini iindidi eziphambili zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, i-Alzheimer kunye ne-non-Alzheimer.

Isifo se-Alzheimer sesona sizathu siphambili sokudodobala kwengqondo. Ukuwohloka kwengqondo kwesifo se-Alzheimer kubandakanya ukulahleka kwememori, kunye nokuphazamiseka kweminye imisebenzi yengqondo enje:

• ulwimi
• intetho
• ukuqonda

I-dementias ye-non-Alzheimer inento yokwenza ne-frontotemporal lobar degeneration, eneentlobo ezimbini eziphambili. Uhlobo olunye luchaphazela intetho. Olunye uhlobo lubandakanya:

• utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha
• utshintsho kubuntu
• ukungabikho kwemvakalelo
• ukulahleka kwesihluzo sentlalo
• ukungakhathali
• ingxaki kunye nokucwangciswa

Kwezi dementias ze-non-Alzheimer, ukulahleka kwememori kubonakala kamva kukuqhubela phambili kwesifo. Unobangela wesibini oqhelekileyo sisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo. Ezinye i-dementias ezingezizo i-Alzheimer zezi:

• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Ukugula ngengqondo kukaParkinson
• Pick's isifo

Isifo sengqondo esixubileyo kuxa kukho izizathu ezininzi. Umzekelo, umntu onesifo se-Alzheimer onesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo une-dementia exubeneyo.

Ngaba ungasithintela isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Ezinye iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zibangelwa zizinto ezingaphaya kolawulo lwakho. Kodwa zikhona izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nokugcina impilo yakho iphelele.

Zilolonge

Ukwenza umthambo rhoqo kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. A yabonisa ukuba umthambo we-aerobic unokucothisa i-atrophy kwi-hippocampus, icandelo lobuchopho elilawula inkumbulo.

Olunye uphononongo lwango-2019 luveze ukuba abantu abadala abakhutheleyo badla ngokubambelela kubuchule bokuqonda ngcono kunabo bangasebenziyo. Kwakunjalo nakwabathathi-nxaxheba ababenezilonda zobuchopho okanye ii-biomarkers ezinxulunyaniswe nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kulungile kulawulo lobunzima, ukujikeleza, impilo yentliziyo, kunye neemvakalelo, zonke ezinokuchaphazela umngcipheko wengqondo.

Ukuba unempilo enkenenkene, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise irejimeni yomthambo entsha. Kwaye ukuba khange uzilolonge okwethutyana, qala kancinci, mhlawumbi imizuzu nje eli-15 ngosuku. Khetha umthambo olula kwaye wakhe ukusuka apho. Sebenza indlela yakho ukuya:

• Imizuzu eyi-150 ngeveki yokulinganisa i-aerobics, njengokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, okanye
• Imizuzu engama-75 ngeveki yomsebenzi onzima, njengokubaleka

Kabini ngeveki, yongeza imisebenzi yokunganyangeki ukuze usebenze izihlunu zakho, ezinje ngokutyhala, ukuhlala phezulu, okanye ukuphakamisa iintsimbi.

Eminye imidlalo, njengentenetya, inokubonelela ngoqeqesho lokunganyangeki kunye ne-aerobics kwangaxeshanye. Fumana into oyithandayo kwaye wonwabe ngayo.

Zama ukungachithi ixesha elininzi uhleli okanye ulele emini. Yenza intshukumo ibe yinto ephambili yonke imihla.

Yitya kakuhle

Ukutya okulungele intliziyo kulungile kwingqondo nakwimpilo iyonke. Ukutya okusempilweni kunokuwunciphisa umngcipheko weemeko ezinokukhokelela kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Ngokuka, ukutya okunokulinganisela kubandakanya:

• iziqhamo kunye nemifuno
• iilentile neembotyi
• iinkozo, izilimo eziyizigaxa, okanye iingcambu
• amaqanda, ubisi, intlanzi, inyama engenamafutha

Izinto zokuphepha okanye ukugcina ubuncinci zezi:

• Amafutha azele
• Amafutha ezilwanyana
• iswekile
• ityuwa

Ukutya kwakho kufuneka kugxile kukutya okunezondlo, ukutya okugcweleyo. Gwema ikhalori ephezulu, ukutya okucutshungulwayo okubonelela ngokuncinci kwixabiso lesondlo.

Musa ukutshaya

ibonisa ukuba ukutshaya kungonyusa umngcipheko wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ngakumbi ukuba uneminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphezulu. Ukutshaya kuchaphazela ukujikeleza kwegazi ujikeleze umzimba wakho, kubandakanya nemithambo yegazi kwingqondo yakho.

Ukuba uyatshaya, kodwa ukufumanisa kunzima ukuyeka, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neenkqubo zokuyeka ukutshaya.

Yiya lula ngotywala

ibonisa ukuba ukusela kakhulu utywala kunokuba yeyona nto iphambili kuzo zonke iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kubandakanya nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Okwangoku kuchaza ukusela okuphakathi ngokulinganayo ukuya kusela kube kanye ngemini kwabafazi ukuya kuthi ga kumadoda amabini.

Isiselo esinye silingana nee-ounces ezi-6 zotywala obusulungekileyo. Guqulela kwi:

• Ii-ounces ezili-12 zebhiya ezineepesenti ezi-5 zotywala
• Ii-ounces ezi-5 zewayini nge-12 yepesenti yotywala
• Iiyunithi eziyi-1.5 ze-80 zobungqina bomoya ococekileyo kunye no-40% utywala

Gcina ingqondo yakho isebenza

Ingqondo esebenzayo inokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ke qhubeka uzicel 'umngeni. Eminye imizekelo iya kuba:

• funda into entsha, njengolwimi olutsha
• yenza iiphazili kwaye udlale imidlalo
• funda iincwadi ezicela umngeni
• funda ukufunda umculo, uthathe isixhobo, okanye uqale ukubhala
• hlala ubandakanyekile ekuhlaleni: nxibelelana nabanye okanye ujoyine imisebenzi yeqela
• ivolontiya

Lawula impilo iyonke

Ukuhlala kwimeko entle kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ngenxa yoko ufumane umzimba wonyaka. Jonga ugqirha wakho ukuba uneempawu zoku:

• ukudakumba
• ukungeva kakuhle
• iingxaki zokulala

Lawula iimeko ezikhoyo zempilo ezinje:

• isifo seswekile
• isifo sentliziyo
• igazi elonyukayo
• cholesterol ephezulu

Zeziphi izinto eziqhelekileyo zomngcipheko wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo uphakama ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Malunga nabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 banesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, itsho njalo iWHO.

Imiqathango enokwandisa umngcipheko wesifo sengqondo esiquka:

• isifo semithambo
• ukudakumba
• isifo seswekile
• Isifo esiphantsi
• ukungeva kakuhle
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo
• Isifo sikaHuntington
• haycecephalusi
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• ukubetha okuncinci, ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo

Izinto ezinegalelo zinokubandakanya:

• ukusetyenziswa kotywala ixesha elide okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• ukutya okungafanelekanga
• ukubetha okuphindaphindiweyo entloko
• ukuhlala phantsi
• ukutshaya

Ziintoni iimpawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo liqela leempawu ezibandakanya inkumbulo, ukuqiqa, ukucinga, imo, ubuntu kunye nokuziphatha. Ezinye zeempawu zokuqala zezi:

• ukulibala
• ukuphindaphinda izinto
• ukubeka izinto ngokungafanelekanga
• ukudideka malunga nemihla namaxesha
• unengxaki yokufumana amagama afanelekileyo
• utshintsho kwiimvakalelo okanye ekuziphatheni
• utshintsho kwimidla

Iimpawu kamva zinokubandakanya:

• iingxaki zenkumbulo eziya zisiba mandundu
• ingxaki yokuqhuba incoko
• ingxaki yokugqiba imisebenzi elula njengokuhlawula amatyala okanye ukusebenza ngomnxeba
• ukutyeshela ucoceko lomntu
• ukungalingani kakuhle, ukuwa
• ukungakwazi ukusombulula ingxaki
• utshintsho kwiindlela zokulala
• Ukukhathazeka, ukuphazamiseka, ukudideka, ukuphazamiseka
• ixhala, usizi, uxinzelelo
• nemibono

Sifumana njani isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Ukuphulukana nenkumbulo akusoloko kuthetha ukuba une-dementia.Into ebonakala ngathi sisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo isenokuba luphawu lwesimo esinyangekayo, njenge:

• i-vitamin
• iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango
• umsebenzi ongaqhelekanga we-thyroid
• uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-hydrocephalus

Ukufumanisa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nesizathu sayo kunzima. Akukho vavanyo olunye lokulufumanisa. Ezinye iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo azinakuqinisekiswa de kube semva kokufa.

Ukuba unempawu kunye neempawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala ngembali yakho yezonyango, kubandakanya:

• Imbali yosapho yesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• iimpawu ezithile kunye nokuba ziqale nini
• ezinye iimeko ezichongiweyo
• amayeza

Uvavanyo lwakho lomzimba luya kubandakanya ukukhangela:

• ifuthe legazi
• ihomoni, ivithamini kunye nolunye uvavanyo lwegazi
• Ingqondo
• ukulinganisela uvavanyo
• impendulo

Kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo, ugqirha wakho wokhathalelo oluphambili unokukuthumela kwi-neurologist ukuze uphinde uvavanywe. Ukuvavanywa kwengqondo kunye ne-neuropsychological kunokusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya:

• imemori
• ukulungisa ingxaki
• Izakhono zolwimi
• izakhono zemathematika

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela:

• iimvavanyo zengqondo yobuchopho
• iimvavanyo zofuzo
• Uvavanyo lwengqondo

Ukwehla kokusebenza kwengqondo okuphazamisa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunokuthi kufunyaniswe njengesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Uvavanyo lweLebhu kunye nokucinga kwengqondo kunokunceda ukukhuphela ngaphandle okanye ukuqinisekisa izifo ezithile njengonobangela.

Ukuba wena, okanye umntu omkhathaleleyo unesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, le mibutho ilandelayo inokukunceda okanye ikuthumele kwiinkonzo.

• Umbutho we-Alzheimer: Inombolo yasimahla, eyimfihlo yoncedo: 800-272-3900
• Umbutho weLeby Dementia Association: I-Lewy Line yeentsapho kunye nabanakekeli: 800-539-9767
• Umanyano lweLizwe loKhathalelo
• Isebe laseMelika laseMelika

Sinyangwa njani isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Amayeza esi sifo sika-Alzheimer abandakanya:

• I-cholinesterase inhibitors: i-donepezil (i-Aricept), i-rivastigmine (i-Exelon), kunye ne-galantamine (i-Razadyne)
• Umphikisi we-NMDA receptor antagonist: memantine (Namenda)

La machiza anokunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwememori. Banokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo se-Alzheimer, kodwa abayeki. La machiza anokumiselwa nakwezinye izifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ezinjengesifo sikaParkinson, isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo somzimba kaLey, kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo.

Ugqirha wakho unokumisela amayeza ezinye iimpawu, ezinje:

• ukudakumba
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• nemibono
• ukuphazamiseka

Unyango emsebenzini lunokunceda kwizinto ezinje:

• iindlela zokulwa
• iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokuziphatha
• ulawulo lokuziphatha
• ukwahlula imisebenzi ibe ngamanyathelo alula

Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo?

Ezinye iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zinokunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zibuyiselwe umva, ngakumbi ezo zibangelwa:

• Ukusilela kwe-B-12 kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka komzimba
• i-cerebral spinal fluid kwi-brain (uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-hydrocephalus)
• ukudakumba
• ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye utywala
• hypoglycemia
• hypothyroidism
• i-hematoma engaphantsi kwendalo kulandela ukwenzakala entloko
• amathumba anokukhutshwa ngotyando

Uninzi lweentlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo alunakubuyiselwa okanye lunyangeke, kodwa zisanyangeka. Oku kubandakanya ezo zibangelwa:

• Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• Isifo se-Alzheimer
• Isifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi semithambo

Ukuxela kwangaphambili kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezinje:

• unobangela wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• impendulo kunyango
• ubudala kunye nempilo iyonke

Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda uqonde ngakumbi malunga nokujonga kwakho.

Umgca wezantsi

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo liqela leempawu ezichaphazela inkumbulo kunye neminye imisebenzi yokuqonda. Unobangela ophambili wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo sisifo sika-Alzheimer, silandelwa sisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo semithambo.

Ezinye iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo zibangelwa zizinto ongenakuzitshintsha. Kodwa ukhetho lwendlela yokuphila olubandakanya ukuzivocavoca rhoqo, ukutya okunesondlo, kunye nokuzibandakanya kwengqondo kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.