Hyperlexia: Iimpawu, isifo, kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Ingcaciso
• Iimpawu zehyperlexlexia
• Hyperlexia kunye ne-autism
• Hyperlexia ngokuchasene nedyslexia
• Uxilongo
• Unyango
• Yise kude

Ukuba udidekile malunga nokuba yintoni i-hyperlexia kwaye kuthetha ntoni kumntwana wakho, awuwedwa! Xa umntwana efunda kakuhle iminyaka yakhe, kufanelekile ukuba afunde ngale ngxaki yokufunda kunqabile.

Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukuxelela umahluko phakathi komntwana onesiphiwo kunye nalowo une-hyperlexia kwaye ekwisimo se-autism. Umntwana onesiphiwo unokufuna nje ukuba izakhono zakhe zikhuliswe ngakumbi, ngelixa umntwana okwisibhengezo enokufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukubanceda banxibelelane ngcono.

Okwangoku, i-hyperlexia iyodwa ayisebenzi njengokuchongwa kwe-autism. Kungenzeka ukuba ne-hyperlexia ngaphandle kwe-autism. Wonke umntwana unentambo eyahlukileyo, kwaye ngokunika ingqwalaselo kwindlela athetha ngayo umntwana wakho, uya kuba nakho ukufumana inkxaso abayidingayo ukuze bandise amandla abo.

Ingcaciso

Ihyperlexia kuxa umntwana enokufunda kumanqanaba angaphaya kwaleyo ilindelweyo kubudala babo. "Hyper" kuthetha ngcono kunokuba, ngelixa "lexia" kuthetha ukufunda okanye ulwimi. Umntwana one-hyperlexia unokufumanisa indlela yokucacisa okanye ukukhupha amagama ngokukhawuleza, kodwa angaqondi okanye angaqondi uninzi lwento abayifundayo.

Ngokungafaniyo nomntwana onesiphiwo sokufunda, umntwana one-hyperlexia uya kuba nonxibelelwano okanye nezakhono zokuthetha ezingaphantsi kwenqanaba labo. Abanye abantwana bade babe ne-hyperlexia ngaphezulu kolwimi olunye kodwa babe nezakhono zonxibelelwano ezingaphantsi komndilili.

Iimpawu zehyperlexlexia

Kukho izinto ezine eziphambili eziza kubakho uninzi lwabantwana abane-hyperlexia. Ukuba umntwana wakho akanazo ezi zinto, akunakuba yi-hyperlexic.

1. Iimpawu zesifo sokukhula. Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukufunda kakuhle, abantwana be-hyperlexic baya kubonisa iimpawu zesifo sokukhula, njengokungakwazi ukuthetha okanye ukunxibelelana nabanye abantwana ababudala babo. Banokubonisa iingxaki zokuziphatha.
2. Ngaphantsi kokuqonda okuqhelekileyo. Abantwana abanehyperlexia banezakhono zokufunda eziphakame kakhulu kodwa baphantsi kunokuqonda okuqhelekileyo kunye nezakhono zokufunda. Banokufumana eminye imisebenzi njengokubeka iipuzzle kunye nokufumanisa iithoyi kunye nemidlalo enzima.
3. Amandla okufunda ngokukhawuleza. Baza kufunda ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokufundisa okuninzi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha bazifundise nendlela yokufunda. Umntwana unokukwenza oku ngokuphindaphinda amagama awabonayo okanye awevayo kaninzi-ninzi.
4. Ukuhambelana kweencwadi. Abantwana abane-hyperlexia baya kuthanda iincwadi kunye nezinye izinto zokufunda ngaphezulu kokudlala nezinye iithoyi kunye nemidlalo. Banokude bapeleke amagama ngokuvakalayo okanye emoyeni ngeminwe yabo. Kunye nokunomdla kumagama neeleta, abanye abantwana bayawathanda amanani.

Hyperlexia kunye ne-autism

Hyperlexia inxibelelene kakhulu ne-autism. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi luqukumbele ukuba phantse iipesenti ezingama-84 zabantwana abane-hyperlexia bakwi-autism spectrum. Kwelinye icala, kuphela malunga ne-6 ukuya kwi-14 yepesenti yabantwana abane-autism eqikelelweyo ukuba bane-hyperlexia.

Uninzi lwabantwana abane-hyperlexia baya kubonisa izakhono zokufunda ezinamandla ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-5, xa beneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-4 ubudala. Abanye abantwana abanale meko baqala ukufunda besebancinci kwiinyanga ezili-18!

Hyperlexia ngokuchasene nedyslexia

I-Hyperlexia inokuba yinto echaseneyo nedyslexia, ukukhubazeka ekufundeni okubonakaliswa kukufunda nzima kunye nopelo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nabantwana abane-hyperlexia, abantwana abane-dyslexia banokuqonda kakuhle oko bakufundayo kwaye babe nezakhono zonxibelelwano ezifanelekileyo. Ngapha koko, abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abane-dyslexia bahlala bekwazi ukuqonda nokuqiqa kakuhle. Banokuba ziingcinga ezikhawulezayo kwaye bayile kakhulu.

IDyslexia ixhaphake kakhulu kunehyperlexia. Omnye umthombo uqikelela ukuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zabantu eUnited States bane-dyslexia. Amashumi asibhozo ukuya kuma-90 epesenti yako konke ukukhubazeka ekufundeni ahlelwa njenge-dyslexia.

Uxilongo

I-Hyperlexia ihlala ingenzeki ngokwayo njengemeko yokuma wedwa. Umntwana one-hyperlexic unokuba neminye imiba yokuziphatha kunye nokufunda. Le meko akukho lula ukuyifumanisa kuba ayihambi ngokwencwadi.

I-Hyperlexia ayichazwanga ngokucacileyo kwi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (DSM-5) yoogqirha baseMelika. I-DSM-5 idwelisa i-hyperlexia njengenxalenye ye-autism.

Akukho vavanyo oluthile lokulufumanisa. I-Hyperlexia ihlala ichongwa ngokusekwe kwiimpawu kunye notshintsho oluboniswa ngumntwana ngokuhamba kwexesha. Njengayo nayiphi na ingxaki yokufunda, ngokukhawuleza ukuba umntwana afumane ukuxilongwa, ngokukhawuleza baya kudibana neemfuno zabo ukuze bakwazi ukufunda ngcono, indlela yabo.

Yazisa ugqirha wabantwana ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho une-hyperlexia okanye nayiphi na eminye imiba yophuhliso. Ugqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wosapho uya kufuna uncedo kwezinye iingcali zonyango ukufumanisa isifo sehyperlexia. Kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wengqondo yomntwana, ingcali kwezokuziphatha, okanye ingcali yezentetho ukuze uqiniseke ngokuqinisekileyo.

Umntwana wakho unokunikwa iimvavanyo ezizodwa ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuqonda kwakhe ulwimi. Ezinye zezi zinto zinokubandakanya ukudlala ngeebhloko okanye iphazili kunye nencoko nje. Sukuba nexhala - iimvavanyo azikho nzima okanye zoyikisayo. Umntwana wakho unokuzonwabisa ngokuzenza!

Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga ukuva, umbono, kunye nengqondo yomntwana wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha iingxaki zokuva zinokuthintela okanye zilibazise izakhono zokuthetha kunye nezonxibelelwano. Abanye abaqeqeshi bezempilo abanceda ukuxilonga i-hyperlexia kubandakanya abasebenza kwezonyango, ootitshala bezemfundo eyodwa, kunye noonontlalontle.

Unyango

Izicwangciso zonyango lwe-hyperlexia kunye nezinye iingxaki zokufunda ziya kulungelelaniswa neemfuno zomntwana wakho kunye nesimbo sokufunda. Akukho sicwangciso sinye. Abanye abantwana banokufuna uncedo ngokufunda iminyaka nje embalwa. Abanye bafuna isicwangciso sonyango esifikelela kwiminyaka yabo yobudala okanye ngokungapheliyo.

Uyinxalenye enkulu yesicwangciso sonyango lomntwana wakho. Njengomzali wabo, ungoyena mntu ubancedayo ukuba bathethe ngendlela abavakalelwa ngayo. Abazali bahlala bekwazi oko kufunwa ngumntwana wabo ukuze afunde izakhono zengqondo ezintsha, iimvakalelo kunye nentlalo.

Umntwana wakho unokufuna unyango lwentetho, imithambo yonxibelelwano, kunye nezifundo zokuba angakuqonda njani oko akufundayo, kunye noncedo olongezelelekileyo lokuziqhelanisa nezakhono zokuthetha kunye nezonxibelelwano. Nje ukuba baqale isikolo, banokufuna uncedo olongezelelekileyo ekuqondeni ukufunda nakwezinye iiklasi.

E-United States, iinkqubo zemfundo ezizodwa (IEPs) zenzelwe abantwana abaneminyaka yobudala emi-3 abanokuthi baxhamle kwingqwalaselo ekhethekileyo kwiindawo ezithile. Umntwana o-hyperlexic uya kuphumelela ekufundeni kodwa unokufuna enye indlela yokufunda ezinye izifundo kunye nezakhono. Umzekelo, banokwenza ngcono besebenzisa itekhnoloji okanye bakhethe ukubhala kwincwadi yokubhalela.

Iiseshoni zonyango kunye nengcali yengqondo yomntwana kunye nonyango lomsebenzi lunokunceda. Abanye abantwana abane-hyperlexia bafuna amayeza. Thetha nomntwana wakho malunga noko kukulungele umntwana wakho.

Yise kude

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunda kakuhle kakhulu esemncinci, oko akuthethi ukuba unehyperlexia okanye bakwi-autism spectrum. Kwangokunjalo, ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyenwe ene-hyperlexia, oko akuthethi ukuba une-autism. Bonke abantwana banentambo ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwaye banezantya ezahlukeneyo zokufunda kunye nezitayile.

Umntwana wakho unokuba nendlela eyodwa yokufunda kunye nokunxibelelana. Njengakuyo nayiphi na ingxaki yokufunda, kubalulekile ukufumana isifo kwaye uqalise isicwangciso sonyango kwangoko. Ngesicwangciso esikhoyo sokuqhubeka nokufunda ngempumelelo, umntwana wakho uya kuba nalo lonke ithuba lokuphumelela.