Oko Ufanele Ukwazi Nge-Hyperlipidemia

Umxholo

• Ukuqonda i-cholesterol
• Ukufumana isifo
• Ngaba usengozini yehyperlipidemia?
• Usapho oludibeneyo lwe-hyperlipidemia
• Ungayinyanga njani kwaye uyilawule njani i-hyperlipidemia ekhaya
• Yitya ukutya okusempilweni ngentliziyo
• Yehla emzimbeni
• Yiba esebenzayo
• Yeka ukutshaya
• Amayeza Hyperlipidemia
• Imbonakalo
• Ungayithintela njani i-cholesterol ephezulu

Yintoni i-hyperlipidemia?

Hyperlipidemia ligama lonyango kumanqanaba aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga amafutha (lipids) egazini. Ezimbini iintlobo zeepids ezifumaneka egazini zii-triglycerides kunye ne-cholesterol.

I-Triglycerides yenziwa xa umzimba wakho ugcina iikhalori ezingafunekiyo kumandla. Zikwavela ngqo ekutyeni okutya okufana nenyama ebomvu kunye nobisi olunamafutha apheleleyo. Ukutya okuphezulu kwiswekile esulungekisiweyo, i-fructose, kunye notywala kuphakamisa i-triglycerides.

Ikholesterol iveliswa ngokwendalo esibindini sakho kuba zonke iiseli emzimbeni wakho ziyayisebenzisa. Ngokufana ne-triglycerides, i-cholesterol ikwafumaneka kukutya okunamafutha njengamaqanda, inyama ebomvu, kunye netshizi.

Hyperlipidemia yaziwa njenge cholesterol ephezulu. Nangona i-cholesterol ephezulu ingafunyanwa njengelifa, ihlala isisiphumo sokukhetha impilo ngendlela engafanelekanga.

Ukuqonda i-cholesterol

Ikholesterol yinto enamafutha ehamba ngegazi lakho kwiiproteni ezibizwa ngokuba yi-lipoproteins. Xa une-cholesterol eninzi egazini lakho, inokwakha ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yakho kwaye yenze ipleyiti. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iidipozithi ezikhulayo zikhula zibe nkulu kwaye ziqala ukuvala imithambo yakho, enokuthi ikhokelele kwisifo sentliziyo, isifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha.

Ukufumana isifo

I-Hyperlipidemia ayinazimpawu, ke kuphela kwendlela yokuyifumana kukufumana uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yipaneli yelipid okanye iprofayili yelipid. Olu vavanyo luchaza amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthatha isampulu yegazi lakho alithumele elebhu kuvavanyo, emva koko ubuyele kuwe nengxelo epheleleyo. Ingxelo yakho iya kubonisa amanqanaba akho:

• cholesterol iyonke
• i-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ye-cholesterol
• uxinizelelo oluphezulu lwe-lipoprotein (HDL) ye-cholesterol
• triglycerides

Ugqirha wakho unokukucela ukuba uzile ukutya iiyure eziyi-8 ukuya kwezi-12 ngaphambi kokuba utsale igazi. Oko kuthetha ukuba kuyakufuneka uphephe ukutya okanye ukusela nantoni na ngaphandle kwamanzi ngelo xesha. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olutshanje lubonisa ukuba ukuzila ukutya akusoloko kuyimfuneko, ngoko landela imiyalelo yakho yonyango malunga neenkxalabo zakho ezithile zezempilo.

Ngokubanzi, inqanaba lilonke le-cholesterol engaphezulu kwama-milligram angama-200 kwidesilitha nganye ithathwa njengephakamileyo. Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba akhuselekileyo e-cholesterol anokuhluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokuxhomekeke kwimbali yezempilo kunye neenkxalabo zangoku zempilo, kwaye zezona zimiselwe ngugqirha wakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kusebenzisa ipaneli yelipid ukwenza uxilongo lwe-hyperlipidemia.

Ngaba usengozini yehyperlipidemia?

Zimbini iintlobo ze-cholesterol, i-LDL kunye ne-HDL. Mhlawumbi uye wakuva kubizwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol "embi" kunye "elungileyo", ngokulandelanayo. I-LDL ("embi") i-cholesterol iyakha kwiindonga zakho zomthambo, ezenza ukuba ziqine kwaye zibe mxinwa. I-HDL ("elungileyo") ye-cholesterol ihlambulula i-cholesterol "embi" kwaye iyisusa kude kwimithambo, ibuyele kwisibindi sakho. Ihyperlipidemia ibangelwa kukuba ne-cholesterol eninzi ye-LDL egazini lakho kwaye ayonelanga kwi-cholesterol ye-HDL ukuyicoca.

Ukukhetha impilo ngendlela engafanelekanga kunokuphakamisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol "amabi" kunye namaqondo asezantsi "amahle" e-cholesterol. Ukuba utyebe kakhulu, utya ukutya okunamafutha, ukutshaya, okanye ukungafumani umthambo ngokwaneleyo, usemngciphekweni.

Ukukhetha indlela yokuphila ekubeka emngciphekweni we-cholesterol ephezulu kubandakanya:

• ukutya ukutya okunamafutha athambileyo
• ukutya iiprotheni zezilwanyana, njengenyama kunye nobisi
• ukungafumani umthambo ngokwaneleyo
• ukungatyi amanqatha asempilweni ngokwaneleyo
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• isangqa esikhulu esinqeni
• ukutshaya
• ukusela utywala kakhulu

Amanqanaba e-cholesterol engaqhelekanga afunyanwa nakwabanye abantu abaneemeko ezithile zempilo, kubandakanya:

• isifo sezintso
• isifo seswekile
• isifo se-ovary polycystic
• ukukhulelwa
• i-thyroid engasebenzi
• iimeko ezizuzwe njengelifa

Kananjalo, amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol anokuchaphazeleka ngamayeza athile:

• iipilisi zokulawula inzala
• womchamo
• amanye amayeza oxinzelelo

Usapho oludibeneyo lwe-hyperlipidemia

Kukho uhlobo lwe-hyperlipidemia onokuyifumana kwilifa labazali bakho okanye ootatomkhulu. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-hyperlipidemia yosapho. Usapho oludibeneyo lwe-hyperlipidemia lubangela i-cholesterol ephezulu kunye ne-triglycerides ephezulu. Abantu abanale meko bahlala bekhulisa i-cholesterol ephezulu okanye amanqanaba aphezulu e-triglyceride kulutsha lwabo kwaye bafumana isifo kwi-20s okanye 30s yabo. Le meko inyusa umngcipheko wesifo sokuqala semithambo kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

Ngokungafaniyo nabantu abane-hyperlipidemia eqhelekileyo, abantu abane-hyperlipidemia yosapho edibeneyo banokufumana iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo emva kweminyaka embalwa, enje:

• Intlungu yesifuba (esemncinci)
• ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo (esemncinci)
• ukuxinana kumathole xa uhamba
• izilonda ezinzwaneni ezingaphilisi kakuhle
• Iimpawu zestroke, kubandakanya nengxaki yokuthetha, ukujinga kwelinye icala lobuso, okanye ubuthathaka emaphethelweni

Ungayinyanga njani kwaye uyilawule njani i-hyperlipidemia ekhaya

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila sisitshixo sokulawula i-hyperlipidemia ekhaya. Nokuba i-hyperlipidemia yakho ifunyenwe njengelifa (usapho oludibeneyo lwe-hyperlipidemia), utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lusabalulekile kunyango. Olu tshintsho lodwa lunokwanela ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezinjengesifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha. Ukuba sele uthatha amayeza, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lunokuphucula iziphumo zokunciphisa i-cholesterol.

Yitya ukutya okusempilweni ngentliziyo

Ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo kunokuhlisa amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol "amabi" kunye nokunyusa amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol "alungileyo". Nazi ezinye iinguqu onokuzenza:

• Khetha amafutha asempilweni. Gwema amafutha agcweleyo afunyenwe ikakhulu kwinyama ebomvu, ibhekoni, isoseji, kunye neemveliso zobisi ezinamafutha apheleleyo. Khetha iiproteni ezinqinileyo njengenkukhu, ikarikuni kunye nentlanzi xa kunokwenzeka. Tshintshela kubisi olunamafutha asezantsi okanye olungenamafutha. Sebenzisa amafutha amaninzi anjenge-olive kunye ne-canola xa upheka.
• Sika amafutha. Amafutha eTrans afunyanwa kukutya okuthosiweyo kunye nokutya okucutshungulwayo, njengeekuki, ii-crackers, kunye nokunye ukutya okulula. Jonga izithako kwiileyibhile zemveliso. Tsiba nayiphi na imveliso edwelisa “inxenye yeoyile yehydrojeni.”
• Yitya ngaphezulu i-omega-3s. I-Omega-3 fatty acids inezibonelelo ezininzi zentliziyo. Ungazifumana kwezinye iintlobo zeentlanzi, kubandakanya isalmon, imackerel kunye neherring. Banokufumaneka nakumandongomane nakwiimbewu, ezinje ngee-walnuts kunye nembewu yeflakisi.
• Yandisa ukutya kwakho ifayibha. Yonke ifayibha isempilweni ngentliziyo, kodwa ifayibha enyibilikayo, efumaneka kwi-oats, kwingqondo, iziqhamo, iimbotyi kunye nemifuno, inokuhlisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL.
• Funda iiresiphi ezisempilweni. Jonga iphepha leresiphi yeAmerican Heart Association malunga neengcebiso malunga nokutya okumnandi, amashwamshwam, kunye needyuli ezingazukuphakamisa i-cholesterol yakho.
• Yitya iziqhamo ezininzi kunye nemifuno. Ziphezulu kwifayibha kunye neevithamini kwaye zinamafutha amaninzi.

Yehla emzimbeni

Ukuba utyebe kakhulu okanye utyebe kakhulu, ukunciphisa umzimba kunokunceda ukuthoba amanqanaba e-cholesterol yakho iphela. Nokuba iiponti ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-10 zingenza umohluko.

Ukuphulukana nobunzima kuqala ngokufumanisa ukuba zingaphi iikhalori ozithathayo kwaye zingaphi ozitshisayo. Kuthatha ukusika ii-calories ezingama-3 500 ekudleni kwakho ukuze ulahlekelwe sisikiti.

Ukwehlisa umzimba, kwamkela ukutya okunekhalori ezisezantsi kwaye wandise umsebenzi wakho ukuze utshise iikhalori ezingaphezulu kokutya. Kuyanceda ukusika iziselo ezineswekile kunye notywala, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nolawulo lwesahlulo.

Yiba esebenzayo

Umsebenzi womzimba ubalulekile kwimpilo iyonke, ukunciphisa umzimba, kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol. Xa ungafumani msebenzi owaneleyo womzimba, amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol ye-HDL ayehla. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho "cholesterol" eyaneleyo yokuthwala i-cholesterol "embi" kude nemithambo yakho.

Ufuna kuphela imizuzu engama-40 yokumodareyitha ukuya kuzilolonga ngamandla kathathu okanye kane ngeveki ukuthoba amanqanaba akho eecholesterol. Injongo kufuneka ibe yimizuzu eyi-150 yokuzilolonga veki nganye. Nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo inokukunceda ukongeza umthambo kwimisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla:

• Zama ukuhamba ngebhayisikile ukuze usebenze.
• Thatha uhambo olukhawulezileyo nenja yakho.
• Qubha emadamini echibini lasekuhlaleni.
• Joyina umthambo.
• Thatha izinyuko endaweni yelifti.
• Ukuba usebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke, sukuma kancinci okanye zimbini ngokukhawuleza.

Yeka ukutshaya

Ukutshaya amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol "alungileyo" kunye nokuphakamisa i-triglycerides yakho. Nangona ungakhange ufumaniswe ukuba une-hyperlipidemia, ukutshaya kunokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuyeka okanye uzame isicatshulwa se-nicotine. Amachaphaza eNicotine ayafumaneka ekhemesti ngaphandle kokuyalelwa. Unokuzifunda ezi ngcebiso kubantu abaye bayeke ukutshaya.

Amayeza Hyperlipidemia

Ukuba utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila alwanelanga ukunyanga i-hyperlipidemia yakho, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza. I-cholesterol eqhelekileyo- kunye ne-triglyceride yokunciphisa amayeza kubandakanya:

• izitemins, ezinje:
  • atorvastatin (Lipitor)
  • ifluvastatin (Lescol XL)
  • I-lovastatin (Altoprev)
  • ipitavastatin (Livalo)
  • ipravastatin (Pravachol)
  • Irosuvastatin (Crestor)
  • Simvastatin (iZocor)
• I-bile-acid-binding resins, ezinje:
  • cholestyramine (Prevalite)
  • icolesevelam (WelChol)
  • icolestipol (Colestid)
• i-cholesterol absorption inhibitors, ezinje nge -ezezimimibe (Zetia)
• iyeza elitofwayo, njenge-alirocumab (elixabisekileyo) okanye i-evolocumab (Repatha)
• ii-fibrate, njengefenofibrate (Fenoglide, Tricor, Triglide) okanye igemfibrozil (Lopid)
• niacin (Niacor)
• I-omega-3 fatty acid yongeza
• ezinye izongezo zokunciphisa i-cholesterol

Imbonakalo

Abantu abane-hyperlipidemia enganyangekiyo banethuba elikhulu lokufumana isifo sentliziyo kunabantu ngokubanzi. Isifo sentliziyo yimeko apho i-plaque eyakhayo ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi (yentliziyo). Ukuqina kwemithambo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis, kwenzeka xa i-plaque isakha phezu kweendonga zemithambo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-plaque buildup iyanciphisa imithambo kwaye iyakwazi ukuyivimba ngokupheleleyo, ukuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi okuqhelekileyo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuhlaselweni yintliziyo, ukubetha, okanye ezinye iingxaki.

Ungayithintela njani i-cholesterol ephezulu

Unokwenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo ukukhusela i-cholesterol ephezulu okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-hyperlipidemia:

• Zilolonge iintsuku ezininzi ngeveki.
• Yitya ukutya okunezinga eliphantsi lamafutha athambileyo.
• Faka iziqhamo ezininzi, imifuno, iimbotyi, iinuts, ukutya okuziinkozo, kunye nentlanzi rhoqo ekutyeni kwakho. (Ukutya kweMeditera sisicwangciso sokutya esifanelekileyo sentliziyo.)
• Yeka ukutya inyama ebomvu kunye nenyama egqityiweyo enjenge bacon, sausage, kunye nokusika okubandayo.
• Sela iskim okanye ubisi olunamafutha asezantsi.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni.
• Yitya amafutha amaninzi asempilweni, njengeavokhado, iiamangile, kunye neoyile ye-olive.