Kutheni ukutyeba kakhulu kwaye kungathathelwa ngqalelo njengesifo

Umxholo

• Kuthelekiswa njani ukutyeba kakhulu?
• Ubunzima bomzimba
• Isangqa esinqeni
• Yintoni isifo?
• Izizathu zokutyeba kuthathwa njengesifo
• Izizathu zokutyeba kakhulu azithathwa njengesifo
• Uhlobo olunzima lokutyeba kakhulu

Ukutyeba kakhulu ngumcimbi onzima wezempilo ukuba iingcali zonyango ngoku ziyavuma ukuba zinezinto ezininzi. Oku kubandakanya izizathu zomzimba, ezengqondo kunye nemfuza.

Siza kuchaza ukutyeba kakhulu njengoko iingcali zonyango zisenza ngoku. Siza kuphinda siqwalasele iingxelo kunye nengxoxo evela kuluntu lwezonyango malunga nokuba ngaba abantu kufuneka bajonge ukutyeba njengesifo.

Imibutho emikhulu yonyango ithathela ingqalelo ukutyeba kakhulu sisifo, ngelixa ezinye iingcali zonyango zingavumelani. Nasi isizathu.

Kuthelekiswa njani ukutyeba kakhulu?

Oogqirha bakuthatha ukutyeba kakhulu njengemeko apho umntu aqala khona ukutyeba kakhulu emzimbeni, okwaziwa njengezihlunu ze-adipose. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banokusebenzisa igama elithi "ukuthanda". Eli gama lichaza imeko yamanqatha amaninzi emzimbeni.

Ukuthwala la mafutha ongezelelweyo kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo, kubandakanya uhlobo lweswekile lwesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesifo sentliziyo.

Oogqirha basebenzisa imilinganiselo enje ngobunzima bomzimba, ukuphakama komzimba, kunye nokwakha komzimba ukuchaza ukutyeba kakhulu. Eminye yemilinganiselo ibandakanya:

Ubunzima bomzimba

Isalathiso sobunzima bomzimba (BMI) kubalwa ubunzima beepawundi ezahlulwe ngobude ngeesentimitha eziphindwe kabini, zaphindaphindwa ngama-703, esetyenziselwa ukuguqula umlinganiso ubeyunithi ye-BMI kwi kg / m².

Umzekelo, umntu onenyawo ezi-5, ii-intshi ezi-6 ubude kunye neepawundi ezili-150 uya kuba ne-BMI engama-24.2 kg / m².

Umbutho waseMelika woNyango lweMetabolic kunye neBariatric uchaza iindidi ezintathu zokutyeba ngokusekwe kuluhlu lwe-BMI:Isifo sokutyeba kakhulu. (nd). https://asmbs.org/patients/disease-of-obesity

• iklasi ukutyeba kakhulu: i-BMI engama-30 ukuya kuma-34.9
• udidi II ukukhuluphala, okanye ukutyeba kakhulu: i-BMI yama-35 ukuya kuma-39.9
• udidi lokukhuluphala, okanye ukutyeba kakhulu: i-BMI engama-40 nangaphezulu

I-calculator ye-BMI efana naleyo ibonelelwe yi-okanye yi-Diabetes Canada ingaba yindawo yokuqala, nangona i-BMI yodwa ayitsho ukuba yintoni enempilo kumntu ngamnye.

Isangqa esinqeni

Ukuba nenani elikhulu lamafutha esiswini xa kuthelekiswa nomzimba wonke kubangela umngcipheko omkhulu weengxaki zempilo. Ke umntu unokuba ne-BMI ekuluhlu "lokutyeba kakhulu" (icandelo ngaphambi kokutyeba kakhulu), ukanti oogqirha babajonga njengabantu abatyebe kakhulu ngenxa yokujikeleza kwesinqe.

Ungasifumana isangqa esinqeni sakho ngokulinganisa isinqe sakho ngaphezulu kweenyonga zakho. Ngokwe-CDC, umntu usemngciphekweni omkhulu weemeko ezinxulumene nokukhuluphala xa isinqe sesinqe sabo singaphezulu kweesentimitha ezingama-40 kwindoda kunye nee-intshi ezingama-35 kowasetyhini ongakhulelwanga.Malunga ne-BMI yabantu abadala. (2017).

Imilinganiselo efana ne-BMI kunye nobungakanani besinqe ziqikelelwa kwinani lamafutha umntu analo. Abagqibelele.

Umzekelo, abanye abakhi bomzimba kunye neembaleki zentsebenzo banokuba yimisipha kangako ukuba bane-BMI ewela kuluhlu olutyebileyo.

Uninzi loogqirha baya kusebenzisa i-BMI ukwenza olona qikelelo lubalaseleyo malunga nokutyeba emntwini, kodwa oku kunokuba kungachanekanga kuwo wonke umntu.

Yintoni isifo?

Emva kwemilinganiselo echaza ukutyeba kakhulu, oogqirha kufuneka baqwalasele ukuba igama elithi "isifo" lithetha ntoni. Oku kungqineke kunzima malunga nokutyeba kakhulu.

Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2008 ikhomishini yeengcali ezivela kwi-The Obesity Society yazama ukuchaza “isifo.”UAllison DB, et al. (2012). Ukutyeba kakhulu njengesifo: Iphepha elimhlophe kubungqina kunye neempikiswano ezithunyelwe libhunga le-Obesity Society. INGXELO:
I-10.1038 / oby.2008.231 Baqukumbele ukuba ixesha linzima kakhulu ukuba lingachazwa ngokupheleleyo. Ngokungafaniyo nemilinganiselo yesayensi ene-equation kunye namanani emva kwabo, "isifo" asinakuba nenkcazo yokusika kunye neyomileyo.

Nokuba inkcazo yesichazi-magama ayilicacisi igama elingaphaya kwesiqhelo. Umzekelo, nantsi enye ekwiMerriam-Webster:

"Imeko yesilwanyana esiphilayo okanye umzimba wesityalo okanye elinye lamalungu alo elonakalisa ukusebenza kwesiqhelo kwaye libonakaliswe ngokwahlula imiqondiso kunye neempawu."

Into abayaziyo ogqirha ngaba ukhona umahluko kwindlela uluntu, iinkampani zeinshurensi, kunye namaziko ahlukeneyo ezempilo ajonga ngayo imeko uninzi oluyibona njengesifo xa kuthelekiswa nesingeyiyo.

Ngo-2013, i-American Medical Association (AMA) yeNdlu yabaThunywa bavota kwinkomfa yabo yonyaka ukuchaza ukutyeba njengesifo.UKyle T, okqhubekayo. (2017). Malunga nokutyeba kakhulu njengesifo: Imigaqo-nkqubo eguqukayo kunye nefuthe lazo. INGXELO:
Isigqibo sasinempikiswano ngandlel 'ithile kuba sasichasene neengcebiso zeBhunga le-AMA lezeNzululwazi kunye neMpilo yoLuntu.IPollack A. (2013). I-AMA ibona ukutyeba kakhulu njengesifo. INew York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/business/ama-recognizes-obesity-as-a-disease.html

Ibhunga liye lasiphanda isihloko kwaye alizange licebise ukuba abathunywa bachaze ukukhuluphala njengesifo. Nangona kunjalo, abathunywa benze iingcebiso zabo kuba azikho iindlela ezinokuthenjwa neziqinisekileyo zokulinganisa ukutyeba kakhulu.

Isigqibo se-AMA sabangela ukuba kuxoxwe ngokuqhubekayo malunga nobunzima bokutyeba kakhulu, kubandakanya nokuba ungakuphatha njani ngokufanelekileyo.

Izizathu zokutyeba kuthathwa njengesifo

Iminyaka yophando ikhokele oogqirha ukuba bagqibe kwelokuba ukutyeba kakhulu yimeko yezempilo engaphezulu kwengcinga "yeekhalori-ngaphakathi, iikhalori-ngaphandle".

Umzekelo, oogqirha bafumene ezinye zofuzo zinokunyusa amanqanaba endlala yomntu, ekhokelela ekubeni atye ukutya okuninzi.Ukutyeba kwabantu abadala kubangela iziphumo. (2017).
Oku kunokuba negalelo ekutyebeni kakhulu.

Kwakhona, ezinye izifo zonyango okanye ukuphazamiseka kunokubangela ukuba umntu atyebe. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• hypothyroidism
• Isifo sikaCushing
• isifo se-ovary polycystic

Ukuthatha amayeza athile kwezinye iimeko zempilo kunokukhokelela ekuzuzeni ubunzima. Imizekelo ibandakanya ezinye zoxinzelelo.

Oogqirha bayazi ukuba abantu ababini abalinganayo banokutya ukutya okufanayo, kwaye omnye unokutyeba ngelixa omnye engenjalo. Oku kungenxa yezinto ezinje ngomlinganiso womntu (zingaphi iikhalori ezitshiswa ngumzimba ngokuphumla) kunye nezinye izinto zempilo.

I-AMA ayisiyiyo kuphela intlangano eyamkela ukutyeba njengesifo. Ezinye ezibandakanya:

• I-World Health Organization
• Umanyano lweHlabathi loTyeba kakhulu
• Umbutho Wezonyango waseCanada
• Ukutyeba kakhulu eCanada

Izizathu zokutyeba kakhulu azithathwa njengesifo

Ayizizo zonke iingcali zonyango ezivumelana ne-AMA. Ezi zizizathu nje ezimbalwa zokuba abanye bangayikhaba into yokuba ukutyeba kakhulu sisifo, ngenxa yeendlela ezikhoyo zokulinganisa ukutyeba kakhulu kunye neempawu zaso:

Akukho ndlela icacileyo yokulinganisa ukutyeba kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba isalathiso sobunzima bomzimba asisebenzi kuye wonke umntu, njengembaleki yokunyamezela kunye nabaphakamisa iintsimbi, oogqirha abanakusoloko besebenzisa i-BMI ukuchaza ukutyeba.

Ukutyeba akusoloko kubonisa impilo enkenenkene. Ukutyeba kakhulu kunokuba yinto yomngcipheko kwezinye iimeko zonyango, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukuba umntu uya kuba neengxaki zempilo.

Abanye oogqirha abakuthandi ukubiza ukutyeba kakhulu sisifo kuba ukutyeba akusoloko kubangela iziphumo ezibi zempilo.

Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela ukutyeba, ezinye zazo ezingenakulawulwa. Ngelixa ukutya ukutya kunye nenqanaba lomsebenzi womzimba linokudlala indima, kunjalo ke nakwimfuza.

Ezinye iingcali kwezonyango zibonisa inkxalabo yokuba ukubiza ukutyeba kakhulu sisifo “kunokubangela ukuba abantu bangakhathali.”Amatye K, et al. (2014). Ngaba iAmerican Medical Association yathatha isigqibo esichanekileyo sokuhlela ukutyeba njengesifo? INGXELO:
Kungenxa yokuba oogqirha bahlala befuna ukuba abaguli bathathe inxaxheba ebonakalayo kwimpilo yabo, abanye banexhala lokuhlela ukutyeba njengesi sifo esinokuchaphazela indlela abantu abayiphatha ngayo impilo yabo okanye bacinge ngezinto abanokuzenza kunye namandla abo.

Ukuchaza ukutyeba njengesifo kunokunyusa ucalucalulo kwabo batyebe kakhulu. Amanye amaqela, anje ngoKwamkelwa kweFat kuyo yonke intshukumo yoBungakanani kunye noMbutho woLwamkelo loBungakanani baMazwe ngaMazwe, bavakalise inkxalabo yokuba ukuchaza ukutyeba njengesifo kuvumela abanye ukuba baqhubeke ukwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlula abantu abatyebe kakhulu.

Uhlobo olunzima lokutyeba kakhulu

Ukutyeba kakhulu ngumcimbi onzima kunye novakalelo kubantu abaninzi. Abaphandi bayazi ukuba zininzi izinto ezidlalayo, kubandakanya ufuzo, indlela yokuphila, isayikholoji, okusingqongileyo, nokunye okuninzi.

Eminye imiba yokutyeba kakhulu iyathinteleka- umntu unokwenza utshintsho kwindlela atya ngayo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo ukwakha nokugcina impilo yentliziyo, amandla emiphunga, uluhlu kunye nesantya sokuhamba, kunye nokuthuthuzela.

Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bayazi ukuba abanye abantu bayalwenza olu tshintsho, kodwa abasenako ukuphulukana nobungakanani bobunzima.

Ngenxa yezi zizathu, ingxoxo malunga nokukhuluphala njengesifo iya kuqhubeka kude kube ezinye iindlela zokubala kunye nokuchaneka ngokuqinisekileyo.