Yintoni ebangela uLwandle oluBomvu kwaye luyingozi ebantwini?

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela umsinga obomvu?
• Ngaba umjelo obomvu uyingozi ebantwini?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zetyhefu yamanzi obomvu?
• Ukungenisa ukutya kwaselwandle okunetyhefu
• Ukudibana namanzi anetyhefu
• Ityhefu yomsinga obomvu ezinjeni
• Uphathwa njani umjelo obomvu ebantwini?
• Ungaluthintela njani ityhefu yamaza obomvu
• Iindlela zokuthatha eziphambili

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngamachibi abomvu, kodwa uyayazi ifuthe lawo ebantwini nakwimeko-bume?

Amaza abomvu anokuba nefuthe kubomi baselwandle, kwaye anokukuchaphazela xa udada emanzini okanye utye ukutya kwaselwandle okungcolileyo.

Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni ebangela umsinga obomvu, ukuba uyichaphazela njani imeko-bume, kunye nento onokuyenza ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwakho kwityhefu yayo.

Yintoni ebangela umsinga obomvu?

Ngamanye amaxesha umbane obomvu ubizwa ngokuba yi-algae bloom eyingozi (HAB). Yenziwe nge-algae encinci okanye i-phytoplankton, ebalulekileyo kubomi bolwandle.

Xa ezi algae zifumana izakhamzimba ezigqithileyo, zinokuphindaphindeka ngokungalawulekiyo, zibe sisixa esikhulu esinciphisa ubomi baselwandle. Ezinye iintlobo zealgae, ezinje UKarenia brevis, Unokunika ulwandle umbala obomvu, kungoko igama, ubomvu.

Nangona kunjalo, ayingawo onke amaza obomvu afaka umbala elwandle. Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-HABs azinelanga ngokwaneleyo ukuba zinike ulwandle i-hue ethile. Iziphumo zazo ezibalaseleyo zihlala zibonwa kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Iityhefu ze-HAB ziyingozi kwizilwanyana zaselwandle, kwiintaka, nakwiimfudo ezihlala emanzini. Banokuba nefuthe nakwizilwanyana zasendle ezondla izilwanyana ezivezwe kumjelo obomvu.

Ngaba umjelo obomvu uyingozi ebantwini?

Uninzi lweentlobo ze-phytoplankton aziyongozi ebantwini, kodwa inani elincinci leentlobo liyaziwa ngokuvelisa ii-neurotoxins ezinamandla. Ezi tyhefu zinokudluliselwa ezantsi kwityathanga lokutya, zichaphazele abantu abazifakele ngengozi.

Ukusetyenziswa kweentlanzi, ezinjengeembaza okanye iimbaza, yenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokuchaphazeleka kwabantu kumaza abomvu.

Ziintoni iimpawu zetyhefu yamanzi obomvu?

Ukungenisa ukutya kwaselwandle okunetyhefu

Ityhefu ye-paralytic shellfish yetyhefu (PSP) sisifo esinokuphuhliswa ngabantu ukuba batya ukutya kwaselwandle okungcoliswe ngumsinga obomvu.

I-PSP inokubusongela ubomi kwaye ihlala izivelisa ngaphakathi kweeyure ezi-2 zokusebenzisa. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ukurhawuzelela
• ukutshisa
• ukuba ndindisholo
• ukozela
• ukukhubazeka komzimba

Kwiimeko ezingabulaliyo, le miqathango inokuvela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Kwiimeko ezinzima, abantu banokufumana ukubanjwa kokuphefumla ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 zokusebenzisa.

Ezinye ii-syndromes zetyhefu ye-shellfish zibandakanya:

• Ityhefu ye-Amnesic shellfish (ASP). Iimpawu ze-ASP zibandakanya isicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye norhudo. Ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa, inokukhokelela kumonakalo osisigxina kwinkqubo ye-nervous system.
• Urhudo lweentlanzi ezinobuthi (DSP). I-DSP inokubangela isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, kunye neekram zesisu, kwaye abantu bathambekele ekubeni baphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ityhefu ye-Neurotoxic shellfish (NSP). I-NSP inokubangela ukugabha, isicaphucaphu, kunye nezinye iimpawu zemithambo-luvo.

Ukudibana namanzi anetyhefu

Ukuza kunxibelelana ngokwasemzimbeni nomsinga obomvu kunokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla, nakubantu abangenayo imicimbi yokuphefumla yangaphambili.

Ukuphendula kumjelo obomvu kunokuba mandundu kubantu abane-asthma, i-emphysema, okanye nasiphi na esinye isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga.

Iityhefu ezinxulunyaniswa nomsinga obomvu zinokubangela isikhumba, irhashalala kunye nokutsha okanye amehlo abuhlungu.

Ityhefu yomsinga obomvu ezinjeni

Izinja, ngakumbi, zinokuthi zithambekele kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamaza obomvu xa zinokudibana namanzi angcolisekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ityhefu yomsinga obomvu inokubangela iimpawu ze-neurological ezinjeni.

Funa ingqalelo yezilwanyana kwangoko ukuba isilwanyana sakho:

• wenza ngokwahlukileyo
• Amava okuxhuzula
• ayicacanga
• ukungcangcazela okanye ukuphulukana nebhalansi
• unotyatyazo

Uphathwa njani umjelo obomvu ebantwini?

Akukho thintelo laziwayo lweemeko ezibangelwa ngumsinga obomvu, njengePSP. Iimeko ezinzima zinokunyangwa ngokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokuxhasa ubomi, ezinje ngomatshini wokuphefumla kunye neoksijini de ityhefu idlule ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yakho.

Ungaluthintela njani ityhefu yamaza obomvu

Kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ezinokuthi zithintelwe ityhefu yamaza obomvu:

• Kunqande ukungena emzimbeni wamanzi anevumba elimdaka, avele umbala, okanye anogwebu, isikhohlela, okanye i-algal mats (ingqokelela yamaphepha e-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) kumphezulu.
• Landela isikhokelo sengingqi okanye sikarhulumente malunga nokhuseleko lwamanzi.
• Jonga ezendalo okanye iiwebhusayithi zikarhulumente kulwandle lwasekhaya okanye ukuvalwa kwechibi ngaphambi kokundwendwela.
• Musa ukusela ngokuthe ngqo kumachibi, imilambo, okanye amachibi.
• Musa ukuloba, ukuqubha, ukuhamba ngesikhephe, okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo yamanzi kwiindawo ezinamanzi abomvu.
• Hlamba izilwanyana zasekhaya ngamanzi acocekileyo emva kokuba bezikwiphuli, echibini, okanye elwandle. Musa ukubavumela ukuba bakhothe uboya babo bade bahlanjwe.
• Landela isikhokelo sendawo xa usebenzisa intlanzi okanye i-shellfish.
• Kuphephe ukutya intlanzi enkulu engaphantsi kolwandle.

I-shellfish ezithengwe evenkileni kunye nevenkile yokutyela zihlala zikhuselekile ukuba zingatya ngexesha lokuhamba ebomvu kuba ishishini leembaza lijongwa ngononophelo ziiarhente zikarhulumente ukhuseleko lweembaza.

I-shellfish ekhoyo kwezorhwebo ayisoloko ivunwa ekuhlaleni kwaye, ukuba ivunwe kwalapha ekhaya, ivavanyelwa i-toxins ngaphambi kokuba ithengiselwe uluntu.

Uninzi lwabantu lunokudada ngexesha lomsinga obomvu ngaphandle kwemingcipheko emikhulu, kodwa kunokubangela iimpawu ezinjengokucaphuka kolusu kunye nokutsha kwamehlo.

Iindlela zokuthatha eziphambili

Umjelo obomvu awunakuba yingozi ebantwini abangakhuselekanga kwiityhefu zawo, kodwa unokuba nefuthe elibi kubomi baselwandle.

Ukuba utya ukutya kwaselwandle okungcoliswe yityhefu, iimpawu ze-neurological zinokwenzeka kwaye zibe nzulu. Akukho ntsholongwane ye-syndromes efana ne-PSP, kodwa iinkqubo zokuxhasa ubomi, ezifana nokuphefumula ngomatshini kunye ne-oksijini, kunokukunceda ukuba uphinde ufumane kwakhona.

Yiya kugqirha ukuba ucinga ukuba utye ukutya kwaselwandle okungcolileyo.

Ungaziphepha ezi ntlobo ze-syndromes kunye nokucaphuka okwenzeka kumanzi obomvu ngokuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko ngaphambi kokuya echibini, echibini, okanye elwandle.