Izitofu ezicetyiswayo kwishedyuli yokugonya abantu abadala

Umxholo

• 1. Ukugonya umkhuhlane
• 2. Isitofu sokugonya iPneumococcal
• 3. Ugonyo lomkhuhlane omthubi
• 4. Isitofu sokugonya se-Meningococcal
• 5. Ugonyo lweherpes zoster
• 6. Ukugonywa kweTetanus nediphtheria
• 7. Ukugonya kathathu kwintsholongwane
• 8. Ukugonya i-hepatitis

Ukugonywa kwabantu abadala kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonelela ngamajoni omzimba okulwa nokuthintela usulelo, ke ngoko kubalulekile ukuba abantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 baqwalasele ishedyuli yokugonya kunye namaphulo okugonya, ngakumbi awomkhuhlane, ekucetyiswa ukuba abantu 55 kwaye yenzeka qho ngonyaka.

Amachiza acetyiswayo kwikhalenda yokugonya yabantu abadala, emiselwe nguMbutho waseBrazil woGonyo ngokudibeneyo noMbutho waseBrazil weGeriatrics kunye neGerontology, zii-8: ngokuchasene nomkhuhlane, i-pneumococcal pneumonia, i-tetanus, i-diphtheria, i-hepatitis, i-yellow fever, i-virus kathathu, i-herpes zoster kunye ne-meningococcal meningitis. Ezinye zezi zitofu zenziwa zifumaneke nguMphathiswa Wezempilo simahla nge-SUS, ngelixa ezinye zinokuthengwa kuphela kwiiklinikhi zabucala, ezinje ngeherpes zoster, meningococcus kunye nehepatitis A, umzekelo.

Ishedyuli yokugonya abantu abadala ilandela iingcebiso zoMbutho waseBrazil woGonyo ngokudibeneyo noMbutho waseBrazil weGeriatrics kunye neGerontology, kwaye kubandakanya:

1. Ukugonya umkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane sisifo sokuphefumla esibangelwa zii-serotypes ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane, oko ke kuthintela umkhuhlane. Ukongeza, njengakwezinye iimeko ngenxa yokwehla kwamasosha omzimba kunye notshintsho kumandla okuphefumla, aqhelekileyo njengomntu ubudala, iintsholongwane ezinoxanduva lomkhuhlane zinokuxhasa ukukhula kweengxaki, ezinje nge-pneumonia kwaye, ngenxa yoko, umkhuhlane isitofu sokugonya siyakwazi ukuthintela le ngxaki.

Isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane senziwe ngamaqhekeza eentsholongwane ezingasebenziyo, kwaye ke, akukho bungozi bokubangela usulelo emntwini emva kogonyo, kukhuthaza kuphela impendulo yomzimba, kwaye kuyacetyiswa kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala.

• Nini ukuthatha: Kanye ngonyaka, ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuqala kokwindla, xa iintsholongwane ziqala ukujikeleza rhoqo kwaye kunethuba elikhulu lokufumana umkhuhlane, kuba abantu bahlala bahlala ixesha elide kwiindawo ezivaliweyo kunye nokujikeleza komoya okuncinci. .
• Ngubani ongafanelekanga ukuthatha: abantu abanembali yokuphendula nge-anaphylactic okanye i-aleji eqatha kumaqanda enkukhu kunye nakwiziphumo zazo, okanye nakweliphi na icandelo lokuthintela. Isitofu sokugonya kufuneka sihlehliselwe abantu abanesifo sokumodareyitha ukuya kwezomkhuhlane okanye ukutshintsha kwegazi, ukuba kwenziwe intramuscularly.

Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane sinikezelwa simahla yi-SUS, kumaziko ezempilo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba isitofu sokugonya sithathwe minyaka le ukuze isiqinisekiso sayo sokuzikhusela siqinisekiswe, njengoko intsholongwane ye-Influenza inakho ukuguqula kwaye, yiyo loo nto, inokumelana ugonyo lwangaphambili. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba abantu abadala bafumane isitofu sokugonya minyaka le ngexesha lephulo likarhulumente ukuqinisekisa ukuba amajoni abo omzimba alwa nentsholongwane yomkhuhlane ngokufanelekileyo. Bona ngakumbi malunga nokugonya umkhuhlane.

2. Isitofu sokugonya iPneumococcal

Isitofu sokugonya se-pneumococcal sithintela usulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane IStreptococcus pneumoniae, ikakhulu inyumoniya kunye ne-bacterial meningitis, ukongeza ekuthinteleni le ntsholongwane ukuba ingasasazeki emzimbeni kwaye ibangele usulelo lomzimba ngokubanzi.

Zimbini iintlobo ezahlukileyo zeliyeza lokugonya labantu abadala, eziyi-23-valent Polysaccharide (VPP23), equlathe iintlobo ezingama-23 zepneumococci, kunye ne-13-valent Conjugate (VPC13), equlathe iintlobo ezili-13.

• Nini ukuthatha: Ngokubanzi, irejimeni yethamo le-3 iqalile, iqala nge-VPC13, ilandelwe, emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi elinambini, yi-VPP23, kunye nenye idosi yokunyusa i-VPP23 emva kweminyaka emi-5. Ukuba umntu osele ekhulile sele efumene idosi yokuqala ye-VPP23, i-VPC13 kufuneka isetyenziswe emva konyaka omnye kwaye icwangcise idosi yokunyusa i-VPP23 emva kweminyaka emi-5 yedosi yokuqala.
• Ngubani ongafanelekanga ukuthatha: abantu ababonakalise ukungaphenduli kwe-anaphylactic kwidosi yangaphambi kokugonya okanye nawaphi na amacandelo ayo. Ukongeza, iyeza lokugonya kufuneka limiswe elinye ixesha xa kukho umkhuhlane okanye utshintsho ekunqandeni igazi, ukuba kunikwe intramuscularly.

Olu gonyo lwenziwa simahla yi-SUS kubantu abadala abanomngcipheko ophezulu wosulelo, njengabo bahlala kumakhaya abalupheleyo asekuhlaleni, umzekelo, kwaye abanye banokugonywa kwiiklinikhi zabucala.

3. Ugonyo lomkhuhlane omthubi

Eli chiza linika ukhuseleko kusulelo lwe-yellow fever, usulelo lwentsholongwane oluyingozi olusasazwa ziingcongconi kwaye lunokuqhutywa kumaziko ezempilo e-SUS simahla. Eli chiza licetyiswa kubahlali beendawo ezihlala zikho, abantu abahamba kwiindawo ezinesi sifo okanye nanini na kukho imfuneko yamazwe aphesheya, kwindawo ethathwa njengesemngciphekweni.

• Nini ukuthatha: Okwangoku, umphathiswa wezempilo ucebisa kuphela idosi eyi-1 yobomi ukusukela kwiinyanga ezili-9 ubudala, nangona kunjalo, abantu abangazange babe nalo iyeza lokuthintela kufuneka bathathe idosi ukuba bahlala okanye bahamba besiya kwindawo enobungozi kakhulu, ebandakanya iindawo ezisemaphandleni eMantla. naseMidwest yelizwe okanye amazwe anezifo ze-yellow fever, ezifana namazwe ase-Afrika kunye ne-Australia, umzekelo.
• Ngubani ongafanelekanga ukuthatha: abantu abadala abanembali yokungaziphathi kakuhle emva kokungenisa amaqanda enkukhu okanye izinto zokugonya, izifo ezinciphisa ukhuseleko, ezinje ngomhlaza, isifo seswekile, uGawulayo okanye ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezikhuselayo, ichemotherapy okanye iradiotherapy, umzekelo, kwaye kwimeko yokugula kakhulu .

Iyeza lokugonya i-yellow fever kufuneka lilawulwe kuphela xa kukho imfuneko enkulu, kuthintelwe ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubantu abadala ababuthathaka nakubantu abanomkhuhlane okhuselekileyo. Kungenxa yokuba iyeza lokuthintela lenziwa ngeesampulu zeentsholongwane ezifunyanisiweyo eziphilileyo kwaye kukho umngcipheko onqabileyo wokuba neempendulo ezinzulu, kunye nomfanekiso ofana ne-yellow fever, ebizwa ngokuba yi "virus visceralization".

4. Isitofu sokugonya se-Meningococcal

Eli chiza linika ukhuselo kwintsholongwane I-Neisseria meningitidis, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Meningococcus, ekwaziyo ukusasazeka ngokuhamba kwegazi kwaye ibangele usulelo olubi, njenge-meningitis kunye ne-meningococcemia, kulapho ibhaktiriya ejongene ne-meningitis ifikelela kwigazi kwaye ibangele usulelo ngokubanzi.

Njengokuba kungekho zifundo zininzi zenzululwazi ezenziweyo ngale ntsholongwane kubantu abadala, ihlala icetyiswa kwezinye iimeko ezinobungozi obuphezulu, ezinje ngeemeko zobhubhane wesifo okanye uhambo oluya kwiindawo ezisemngciphekweni.

• Nini ukuthatha: idosi enye kufuneka ilawulwe kwiimeko zobhubhane.
• Ngubani ongafanelekanga ukuthathaAbantu abanezinto ezibangela ukuba bangabikho komzimba kwiyeza elithile Misa umhla xa kunokwenzeka ugule ngumkhuhlane okanye izifo ezibangela ukuphazamiseka kokuqina.

Ugonyo lwe-meningococcal lufumaneka kuphela kwiiklinikhi zabucala zokugonya.

5. Ugonyo lweherpes zoster

I-Herpes zoster sisifo esibangelwe kukuphinda kusetyenziswe intsholongwane yenkumba enokuhlala ikwimithambo yomzimba iminyaka eliqela, kwaye ibangele ukuvela kwamadyungudyungu amancinci, abomvu kwaye abuhlungu kakhulu kulusu. Olu suleleko luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala nakubantu abanamajoni omzimba atyhafileyo, kwaye nanjengokuba kungonwabi kakhulu kwaye kushiya i-sequelae ebuhlungu kulusu olunokuhlala iminyaka, abantu abadala abaninzi bakhethe ukuthintela.

• Nini ukuthatha: Kucetyiswa idosi enye kubo bonke abantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60. Kubantu abasele bene-shingles, kuya kufuneka ulinde ubuncinci iinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kunyaka omnye ukuze ugonyo lusetyenziswe.
• Ngubani ongafanelekanga ukuthatha: abantu abanezinto ezibangelwa zii-aleji kumacandelo esitofu sokugonya, okanye abo bangakhubazekanga emzimbeni ngenxa yezifo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza, njengabantu abanesifo sikaGawulayo, umhlaza, besebenzisa i-systemic corticosteroids okanye i-chemotherapy, umzekelo.

Isitofu sokugonya i-shingles sinokusetyenziswa kwiiklinikhi zokugonya zabucala. Fumana okunye malunga nokuba yintoni kunye nendlela yokunyanga i-herpes zoster.

6. Ukugonywa kweTetanus nediphtheria

Isitofu sokugonya esiphindwe kabini se-virus, okanye i-dT, sibonelela ngokhuseleko kusulelo nge-tetanus, esisifo esosulelayo kakhulu esinokukhokelela ekufeni, kunye ne-diphtheria, esisifo esosulelayo esosulelayo.

• Nini ukuthatha: rhoqo kwiminyaka eli-10, njengokuqiniswa kwabantu abagonywe ngokuchanekileyo ebuntwaneni. Kubantu abadala abangagonywanga okanye abangenayo irekhodi lokugonya, kuyafuneka ukuba benze ishedyuli yedosi e-3 ngesithuba seenyanga ezi-2 phakathi komntu ngamnye kwaye emva koko benze isikhuthazi rhoqo emva kweminyaka elishumi.
• Xa ungafanelekanga ukuthatha: kwimeko yempendulo ye-anaphylactic ngaphambi kokugonya okanye naliphi na icandelo layo. Kufuneka ihlehliswe xa isifo se-clotting izifo, ukuba zenziwe nge-intramuscularly.

Eli chiza lifumaneka simahla kumaziko ezempilo, nangona kunjalo, kukho ichiza lokuthintela iintsholongwane elingumntu omdala kathathu, okanye i-dTpa, ethi ukongeze isifo sokuqina kwemihlathi kunye ne-diphtheria ikhusele i-pertussis, ukongeza kwisitofu sokugonya ngxi, esifumaneka kwiiklinikhi zabucala. kugonyo.

7. Ukugonya kathathu kwintsholongwane

Esi sisigonyo sokuthintela imasisi, uqwilikana kunye neentsholongwane zerubella, eziyimfuneko kwimeko yokonyuka komngcipheko wosulelo, njengokuqhambuka, uhambo oluya kwiindawo ezinobungozi, abantu abangazange bosulelwe okanye abangakhange bafumane idosi ezi-2 zokugonya ubomi bonke.

• Nini ukuthatha: Iidosi ezi-2 kuphela ezifunekayo ebomini, ngenani elincinci lenyanga enye.
• Ngubani ongafanelekanga ukuthatha: abantu abanomkhuhlane okhuselekileyo okanye abaye bafumana impendulo ye-anaphylactic emva kokutya iqanda.

Ayifumaneki simahla kubantu abadala, ngaphandle kwaxa kusenziwa iphulo, kwaye kufuneka uye kwiklinikhi yabucala yokugonya.

8. Ukugonya i-hepatitis

Ukukhuselwa kwi-hepatitis A kunye ne-hepatitis B kunokufunyanwa ngokugonya ngokwahlukeneyo okanye ngokudibeneyo, kubantu abangenako ukuzikhusela kwezi zifo, abangazange bagonywe okanye abangenazo iirekhodi zokugonya.

• Nini ukuthatha: isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B, okanye i-A kunye ne-B edibeneyo, senziwa ngeedosi ezi-3, kwishedyuli ye-0 ukuya kwi-6 yeenyanga. Isitofu sokugonya se-hepatitis A esizimeleyo, kwelinye icala, sinokuthathwa emva kovavanyo lwe-serological olubonisa ukunqongophala kokuzikhusela kwesi sifo okanye kwiimeko zokuvezwa okanye ukuqhambuka, kwirejimeni yethamo ezimbini, kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-6.
• Ngubani ongafanelekanga ukuthatha: abantu abane-anaphylactic reaction kumacandelo esitofu sokugonya. Kufuneka ihlehliswe kwimeko yokugula kakhulu okanye utshintsho lwe-coagulation ukuba isetyenziswe nge-intramuscularly.

Iyeza lokulwa i-hepatitis B lingenziwa simahla yi-SUS, nangona kunjalo ugonyo ngokuchasene ne-hepatitis A lufumaneka kuphela kwiiklinikhi zokugonya zabucala.