I-LDL: I-cholesterol "engalunganga"

Umxholo

• Isishwankathelo
• Yintoni icholesterol?
• Yintoni i-LDL ne-HDL?
• Inqanaba eliphezulu le-LDL linokuwunyusa njani umngcipheko wesifo semithambo kunye nezinye izifo?
• Ndazi njani ukuba yintoni inqanaba lam le-LDL?
• Yintoni enokuchaphazela inqanaba lam le-LDL?
• Lingakanani inqanaba lam le-LDL?
• Ndingayithoba njani inqanaba lam le-LDL?

Isishwankathelo

Yintoni icholesterol?

Ikholesterol yinyibilikisi, into efana namanqatha efumaneka kuzo zonke iiseli zomzimba wakho. Isibindi sakho senza i-cholesterol, kwaye kukwakho nakukutya okuthile, okufana nenyama kunye neemveliso zobisi. Umzimba wakho ufuna icholesterol ukuze usebenze kakuhle. Kodwa ukuba ne-cholesterol eninzi egazini lakho kunyusa umngcipheko wesifo somthambo.

Yintoni i-LDL ne-HDL?

I-LDL kunye ne-HDL ziindidi ezimbini zeepoproteins. Yindibaniselwano yamafutha (lipid) kunye neprotein. Iip lipids kufuneka zincanyathiselwe kwiiproteni ukuze zihambe egazini. I-LDL ne-HDL baneenjongo ezahlukeneyo:

• I-LDL imele i-lipoproteins ezixineneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi "cholesterol" embi kuba inqanaba eliphezulu le-LDL likhokelela ekwakhiweni kwecholesterol kwimithambo yakho.
• I-HDL imele i-lipoproteins ezixineneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi "cholesterol" elungileyo kuba ithwala i-cholesterol esuka kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho ibuyela esibindini sakho. Isibindi sakho sisusa i-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho.

Inqanaba eliphezulu le-LDL linokuwunyusa njani umngcipheko wesifo semithambo kunye nezinye izifo?

Ukuba unenqanaba eliphezulu le-LDL, oku kuthetha ukuba une-cholesterol eninzi yeLDL egazini lakho. Le LDL yongezelelweyo, kunye nezinye izinto, yenza i-plaque. Eli litye liyakheka kwimithambo yakho; Le yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis.

Isifo semithambo yegazi siyenzeka xa i-plaque buildup ikwimithambo yentliziyo yakho. Yenza ukuba imithambo iqine kwaye inciphise, ecothisa okanye ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi okuya entliziyweni yakho. Kuba igazi lakho lithwala ioksijini lisiya entliziyweni yakho, oku kuthetha ukuba intliziyo yakho ayinakho ukufumana ioksijini eyaneleyo. Oku kunokubangela i-angina (iintlungu zesifuba), okanye ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kuthintelwe ngokupheleleyo, isifo sentliziyo.

Ndazi njani ukuba yintoni inqanaba lam le-LDL?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokulinganisa amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol, kubandakanya i-LDL. Ulufumana nini kwaye kangaphi olu vavanyo kuxhomekeke kubudala bakho, izinto ezinobungozi, kunye nembali yosapho. Iingcebiso ngokubanzi zezi:

Kubantu abaneminyaka eyi-19 nangaphantsi:

• Uvavanyo lokuqala kufuneka lube phakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 ukuya kwe-11
• Abantwana kufuneka benze uvavanyo kwakhona rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-5
• Abanye abantwana banokuba novavanyo oluqala kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuba kukho imbali yosapho ye-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi, isifo sentliziyo, okanye ukubetha

Kubantu abaneminyaka engama-20 okanye ngaphezulu:

• Abantu abadala abancinci kufuneka babe novavanyo rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-5
• Amadoda aneminyaka engama-45 ukuya kuma-65 kunye nabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-55 ukuya kuma-65 kufuneka babe nayo yonke iminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwe-2

Yintoni enokuchaphazela inqanaba lam le-LDL?

Izinto ezinokuchaphazela inqanaba lakho le-LDL zibandakanya

• Ukutya. Amafutha anelisiweyo kunye necholesterol ekutyeni okutyayo kwenza ukuba inqanaba legazi le-cholesterol yakho lenyuke
• Ubunzima. Ukutyeba kakhulu kuthambekele ekunyuseni inqanaba lakho le-LDL, ukuthoba inqanaba lakho le-HDL, kunye nokunyusa inqanaba lakho le-cholesterol iyonke
• Umsebenzi womzimba. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi yomzimba kunokukhokelela ekuzuzeni ubunzima, obunokunyusa izinga lakho le-LDL
• Ukutshaya. Ukutshaya icuba kunciphisa i-cholesterol yakho ye-HDL. Kuba i-HDL inceda ukususa i-LDL kwimithambo yakho, ukuba une-HDL encinci, enokuba negalelo ekubeni ube nenqanaba eliphezulu le-LDL.
• Ubudala kunye nezesondo. Njengoko abantu basetyhini kunye namadoda bekhula, amanqanaba e-cholesterol yabo ayenyuka. Phambi kweminyaka yokuyeka ukuya exesheni, abafazi banamanqanaba asezantsi e-cholesterol kunamadoda akwiminyaka efanayo. Emva kweminyaka yokuyeka ukuya exesheni, amanqanaba e-LDL abasetyhini athambekele ekunyukeni.
• Imfuza. Inxalenye yakho yemfuza ichaza ukuba yimalini eyenziwe ngumzimba wakho kwi-cholesterol. I-cholesterol ephezulu inokusebenza kwiintsapho. Umzekelo, i-hypercholesterolemia yosapho (i-FH) luhlobo lwe-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi.
• Amayeza. Amayeza athile, kubandakanya i-steroids, amanye amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye namayeza e-HIV / AIDS, anokuphakamisa inqanaba lakho le-LDL.
• Ezinye iimeko zonyango. Izifo ezinje ngesifo sezintso ezingapheliyo, isifo seswekile, kunye ne-HIV / AIDS zinokubangela inqanaba eliphezulu le-LDL.
• Uhlanga. Iintlanga ezithile zinokuba nomngcipheko okhulayo we-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi. Umzekelo, ama-Afrika aseMelika anezinga eliphezulu le-HDL kunye ne-LDL ye-cholesterol kunabamhlophe.

Lingakanani inqanaba lam le-LDL?

Nge-cholesterol ye-LDL, amanani asezantsi angcono, kuba inqanaba eliphezulu le-LDL linokuphakamisa umngcipheko wesifo somthambo kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene noko:

Ndingayithoba njani inqanaba lam le-LDL?

Zimbini iindlela eziphambili zokunciphisa i-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL:

• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila (TLC). I-TLC ibandakanya iinxalenye ezintathu:
• Ukutya okusempilweni. Isicwangciso sokutya esisempilweni sentliziyo sinciphisa isixa samanqatha ahluthisiweyo kunye namafutha owadlayo. Imizekelo yezicwangciso zokutya ezinokunciphisa i-cholesterol yakho zibandakanya iNkqubo yokuPhila kweTshintsho kwiindlela zokutya kunye nesicwangciso sokutya se-DASH.
• Ulawulo lobunzima. Ukuba utyebe kakhulu, ukunciphisa umzimba kunokunceda ukuthoba i-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL.
• Umsebenzi womzimba. Wonke umntu kufuneka enze umsebenzi oqhelekileyo womzimba (imizuzu engama-30 kuninzi, ukuba ayingabo bonke, iintsuku).
• Unyango lweziyobisi. Ukuba utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lulodwa aluyi kunciphisi i-cholesterol yakho ngokwaneleyo, kusenokufuneka uthathe amayeza. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokunciphisa amayeza e-cholesterol, kubandakanya ii-statins. Amayeza asebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye anokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezahlukeneyo. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokuba yeyiphi efanelekileyo kuwe. Ngelixa uthatha amayeza ukunciphisa i-cholesterol yakho, kusafuneka uqhubeke notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo.

Abanye abantu abane-hypercholesterolemia yosapho (FH) banokufumana unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-lipoprotein apheresis. Olu nyango lusebenzisa umatshini wokuhluza ukususa i-cholesterol ye-LDL egazini. Emva koko umatshini ubuyisela elinye igazi emntwini.

I-NIH: Intliziyo yeSizwe, iMiphunga kunye neZiko leGazi