Ukulindelwa kobomi beCOPD kunye ne-Outlook

Umxholo

• Inkqubo yeGOLIDE
• Isalathiso seBODE
• Ubunzima bomzimba
• Ukuthintelwa komoya
• IDyspnea
• Ukuzilolonga
• Uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo
• Amaqondo okufa
• Isiphelo

Ushwankathelo

Izigidi zabantu abadala eUnited States zinesifo esinganyangekiyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD), kwaye uninzi lwazo luyasiphuhlisa. Uninzi lwazo alwazi, ngokwe

Umbuzo omnye wabantu abaninzi abaneCOPD banakho, "Ndingahlala ixesha elingakanani neCOPD?" Akukho ndlela yokuxela kwangaphambili ubomi obulindelweyo, kodwa ukuba nesi sifo semiphunga esiqhubela phambili kunokunciphisa ubomi.

Kuxhomekeke kangakanani kwimpilo yakho iyonke nokuba unesinye isifo esifana nesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo seswekile.

Inkqubo yeGOLIDE

Abaphandi kule minyaka beze nendlela yokuvavanya impilo yomntu oneCOPD. Enye yeendlela ezikhoyo ngoku idibanisa iziphumo zovavanyo lomsebenzi we-spirometry kunye neempawu zomntu. Oku kubangela iilebheli ezinokukunceda ukuqikelela ixesha lokuphila kunye nokukhokela ukhetho kunyango lwee-COPD.

IPhulo leHlabathi leSifo seMiphunga esiNgapheliyo (GOLD) yenye yeendlela ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu zokuhlela iCOPD. IGOLIDI liqela lehlabathi leengcali zezempilo zemiphunga ezivelisa amaxesha ngamaxesha kunye nokuhlaziya izikhokelo zoogqirha abazisebenzisayo ekunyamekeleni abantu abaneCOPD.

Oogqirha basebenzisa inkqubo yeGOLD ukuvavanya abantu abaneCOPD "kumabanga" esi sifo. Ukuhlela yindlela yokulinganisa ubungqongqo bale meko. Isebenzisa ivolumu yokuphefumla enyanzelekileyo (FEV1), uvavanyo olumisela ubungakanani bomoya umntu anokuwukhupha ngamandla emiphungeni yakhe ngomzuzwana omnye, ukwahlula ubungqongqo beCOPD.

Izikhokelo zamva nje zenza i-FEV1 yinxalenye yovavanyo. Ngokusekwe kumanqaku akho e-FEV1, ufumana inqanaba leGOLD okanye inqanaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• IGOLIDE 1: I-FEV1 yeepesenti ezingama-80 eziqikelelweyo okanye ezingaphezulu
• IGOLIDE 2: I-FEV1 ye-50 ukuya kwiipesenti ezingama-79 zaxelwa kwangaphambili
• IGOLIDE 3: I-FEV1 ye-30 ukuya kwiipesenti ezingama-49 eziqikelelweyo
• IGOLIDE 4: I-FEV1 engaphantsi kwama-30 epesenti eqikelelweyo

Inxalenye yesibini yovavanyo ixhomekeke kwiimpawu ezinje nge-dyspnea, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye nenqanaba kunye nenani lezinto ezibaxekileyo, ezinokuqaqanjelwa ezinokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele.

Ngokusekwe kwezi ndlela, abantu abaneCOPD baya kuba kwelinye lamaqela amane: A, B, C, okanye D.

Umntu ongenakunyusa okanye ongafunanga ukwamkelwa esibhedlele kunyaka ophelileyo uya kuba kwiqela A okanye B. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka kuvavanyo lweempawu zokuphefumla. Abo baneempawu ezininzi baya kuba kwiqela B, kwaye abo baneempawu ezincinci baya kuba kwiqela A.

Abantu abanobuncinci bokufuna ukonyuka esibhedlele, okanye ubuncinci bezinto ezimbini ezenziweyo okanye ezingafunanga ukwamkelwa esibhedlele kunyaka ophelileyo, baya kuba kwiqela C okanye D. Emva koko, abo baneempawu zokuphefumla ngakumbi baya kuba kwiqela D, kwaye abo baneempawu ezincinci baya kuba kwiqela C.

Phantsi kwezikhokelo ezitsha, umntu obhalwe IGOLIDI yeBanga lesi-4, kwiQela D, uya kuba nolona hlulo lubaluleke kakhulu lweCOPD. Kwaye ngobuchwephesha baya kuba nobomi obufutshane obulindelekileyo kunomntu onelebhile yeGOLD IBakala 1, Iqela A.

Isalathiso seBODE

Elinye inyathelo elisebenzisa ngaphezulu kwe-FEV1 ukulinganisa imeko ye-COPD yomntu kunye nembonakalo sisalathiso seBODE. IBHODI imele:

• ubunzima bomzimba
• Ukuphazamiseka komoya
• Dyspnea
• amandla omthambo

IBHODI ithatha umfanekiso opheleleyo wendlela iCOPD ibuchaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho. Nangona isalathiso se-BODE sisetyenziswa ngoogqirha abathile, ixabiso laso linokuncipha njengoko abaphandi bafunda ngakumbi ngesi sifo.

Ubunzima bomzimba

Isalathiso sobunzima bomzimba (BMI), esijonga ubunzima bomzimba ngokusekwe kubude kunye neeparameter zobunzima, sinokumisela ukuba umntu utyebile okanye utyebe kakhulu. I-BMI inokuphinda ichonge ukuba umntu ubhitye kakhulu. Abantu abane-COPD kwaye babhityile kakhulu banokuba nembono engeyiyo.

Ukuthintelwa komoya

Oku kubhekisa kwi-FEV1, njengakwinkqubo ye-GOLD.

IDyspnea

Olunye uphando lwangaphambili lubonisa ukuba ukuphefumla okunengxaki kunokuchaphazela imeko ye-COPD.

Ukuzilolonga

Oku kuthetha ukuba uyakwazi kangakanani ukunyamezela umthambo. Ihlala ilinganiswa luvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba "luvavanyo lokuhamba lwemizuzu emi-6."

Uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo

Enye yezinto eziphambili zeCOPD kukudumba kwenkqubo. Uvavanyo lwegazi olukhangela amanqaku athile okudumba lunokuba luncedo.

Uphando olupapashwe kwiJenali yaMazwe ngaMazwe yezifo ezingapheliyo zePulmonary Disease lubonisa ukuba umyinge we-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) kunye ne-eosinophil-to-basophil ratio ehambelana kakhulu nobukrakra beCOPD.

Inqaku elingentla licebisa ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo lunokulinganisa aba bamakishi kwabo bane-COPD. Ikwaqaphele ukuba i-NLR inokuba luncedo ngakumbi njengokuxela kwangaphambili ixesha lokuphila.

Amaqondo okufa

Njengaso nasiphi na isifo esibi, njengeCOPD okanye umhlaza, ukulindeleka kokuphila kusekelwe ikakhulu kubukhali okanye kwinqanaba lesifo.

Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2009 uphando olupapashwe kwi-International Journal ye-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, indoda eneminyaka engama-65 ubudala kunye neCOPD okwangoku ukutshaya iteksi kunokunciphisa oku kulandelayo ebomini, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba leCOPD:

• Inqanaba 1: iminyaka eyi-0.3
• Isigaba 2: 2.2 iminyaka
• Inqanaba 3 okanye 4: 5.8 iminyaka

Eli nqaku liye laqaphela ukuba kweli qela, iminyaka eyongezelelweyo engama-3.5 nayo ilahlekile ukutshaya xa kuthelekiswa nalabo abangazange batshaye kwaye bengenaso isifo semiphunga.

Kubantu ababetshaya ngaphambili, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphila kwiCOPD yile:

• Inqanaba 2: 1.4 iminyaka
• Inqanaba 3 okanye 4: 5.6 iminyaka

Inqaku liye laqaphela ukuba kweli qela, i-0.5 iminyaka eyongezelelweyo nayo ilahlekile ukutshaya xa kuthelekiswa nalabo abangazange batshaye kwaye bengenaso isifo semiphunga.

Kulabo abangazange batshaye, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphila:

• Inqanaba 2: iminyaka eyi-0.7
• Inqanaba 3 okanye 4: 1.3 yeminyaka

Kwabo babekade betshaya kunye nabo bangazange batshaye, umahluko kubude bexesha lokuphila kwabantu abakwiqonga le-0 kunye nabantu abakwiqonga loku-1 wawungabalulekanga, ngokuchasene nabo babetshaya ngoku.

Isiphelo

Yintoni eyona nto iphambili kwezi ndlela zokuqikelela ixesha lokuphila? Okungakumbi onokukwenza ukugcina ukuqhubela phambili kwinqanaba eliphezulu leCOPD ngcono.

Eyona ndlela yokunciphisa ukudodobala kwesi sifo kukuyeka ukutshaya ukuba uyatshaya. Kwakhona, thintela umsi wecuba okanye ezinye izinto ezikucaphukisayo ezifana nongcoliseko lomoya, uthuli, okanye imichiza.

Ukuba ungaphantsi komzimba, kuyanceda ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni ngesondlo esifanelekileyo kunye neendlela zokuphucula ukutya, njengokutya ukutya okuncinci, ukutya rhoqo. Ukufunda indlela yokuphucula ukuphefumla ngokuzivocavoca njengokuphefumla ngomlomo kuya kunceda.

Unokufuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwimiphunga.Uya kufunda malunga nokuzilolonga, iindlela zokuphefumla, kunye nezinye iindlela zokunyusa impilo yakho.

Kwaye ngelixa ukuzilolonga kunye nokwenza umthambo kunokuba ngumceli mngeni ngengxaki yokuphefumla, yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo onokuzenza kwimpilo yemiphunga yakho kunye nawo wonke umzimba wakho.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela ekhuselekileyo yokuqala ukuzilolonga. Funda imiqondiso yesilumkiso seengxaki zokuphefumla kunye nento ekufuneka uyenzile xa ubona ukuba kukho into encinci oyikhethileyo. Uya kufuna ukulandela naluphi na unyango lweCOPD olumiselwe ngugqirha wakho.

Okungakumbi onokukwenza ukuphucula impilo yakho iphela, ubomi bakho bude kwaye buzele.

I-COPD ngunobangela wesithathu ophambili wokusweleka e-United States, ngokwe-American Lung Association.