Kuchazwa uloyiko oluqhelekileyo nolwahlukileyo

Umxholo

• Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-phobias
• Iifobbias ezizodwa
• Isimbuku salo lonke uloyiko ukuza kuthi ga ngoku
• Ukunyanga i-phobia
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

I-phobia luloyiko olungenangqondo lwento engenakulindeleka ukuba yenzakalise. Igama ngokwalo livela kwigama lesiGrike phobos, oko kukuthi uloyiko okanye uloyiko.

IHydrophobia, umzekelo, iguqulela ngokoqobo ukoyika amanzi.

Xa umntu ene-phobia, bafumana uloyiko olukhulu lwento ethile okanye imeko. I-Phobias yahlukile kunoloyiko oluqhelekileyo kuba zibangela uxinzelelo olukhulu, mhlawumbi ukuphazamisa ubomi ekhaya, emsebenzini, okanye esikolweni.

Abantu abane-phobias bayiphepha ngokufanelekileyo into okanye imeko ye-phobic, okanye bayinyamezele ngaphakathi koloyiko olukhulu okanye uxinzelelo.

I-Phobias luhlobo lokuphazamiseka koxinzelelo. Iingxaki zokuxhalaba zixhaphake kakhulu. Baqikelelwa ukuba banokuchaphazela ngaphezulu kwama-30 epesenti yabantu abadala base-US ngamanye amaxesha ebomini babo.

Kwincwadi yokuChonga kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo, uHlelo lwesihlanu (DSM-5), uMbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika uchaza uninzi lweephobias eziqhelekileyo.

I-Agoraphobia, uloyiko lweendawo okanye lweemeko ezibangela uloyiko okanye ukungabikho koncedo, ichongiwe njengoloyiko oluqhelekileyo kunye nokuchongwa kwayo. I-phobias zentlalo, ezoyikisayo ezinxulumene neemeko zentlalo, zikhethwe ngokukhethekileyo ngokuxilongwa.

I-phobias ekhethekileyo luluhlu olubanzi lweephobias ezizodwa ezinxulumene nezinto ezithile kunye neemeko. I-phobias ethile ichaphazela iipesenti ezili-12.5 zabantu abadala baseMelika.

I-Phobias iza kuzo zonke iintlobo kunye nobukhulu. Ngenxa yokuba kukho inani elingenasiphelo lezinto kunye neemeko, uluhlu lweephobias ezithile lide kakhulu.

Ngokwe-DSM, ii-phobias ezithile ziwela ngokwendidi ezintlanu ngokubanzi:

• uloyiko olunxulumene nezilwanyana (izigcawu, izinja, izinambuzane)
• uloyiko olunxulumene nendalo esingqongileyo (ubude, indudumo, ubumnyama)
• uloyiko olunxulumene negazi, ukwenzakala, okanye imiba yezonyango (iinaliti, amathambo aphukileyo, ukuwa)
• uloyiko olunxulumene neemeko ezithile (ukubhabha, ukukhwela ilifti, ukuqhuba)
• okunye (ukukrwitsha, imisindo enkulu, ukuntywila)

Ezi ndidi zibandakanya inani elingenasiphelo lezinto ezithile kunye neemeko.

Akukho luhlu lusemthethweni lwe-phobias ngaphaya kwezinto ezichazwe kwi-DSM, ngoko ke oogqirha kunye nabaphandi benza amagama abo njengoko kuvela imfuno. Oku kwenziwa ngokudibanisa isimaphambili sesiGrike (okanye ngamanye amaxesha isiLatin) esichaza i-phobia kunye -phobia Isimamva.

Umzekelo, uloyiko lwamanzi luya kuthiwa ngokudibanisa Ityhefu (amanzi) kunye phobia (uloyiko).

Kukho into enjalo njengoloyiko loloyiko (phobophobia). Oku kuqheleke ngakumbi kunokuba ungacinga.

Abantu abanengxaki yokuxhalaba ngamanye amaxesha bafumana uloyiko xa bekwiimeko ezithile. Olu hlaselo lunkwantyo lunokungonwabi kangangokuba abantu benze konke abanako ukubaphepha kwixa elizayo.

Umzekelo, ukuba uhlaselwa luloyiko ngelixa usahamba ngomkhombe, unokoyika ukuhamba ngomkhumbi kwixesha elizayo, kodwa unokoyika ukoyikwa kukothuka okanye woyike ukuphuhlisa i-hydrophobia.

Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-phobias

Ukufunda i-phobias ethile yinkqubo enzima. Uninzi lwabantu alufuni unyango kwezi meko, ke iimeko ikakhulu azixelwa.

Ezi phobias ziyahluka ngokusekwe kumava enkcubeko, isini kunye nobudala.

Uphando olwenziwe ngo-1998 kubantu abangaphezu kwama-8,000 abaphenduliweyo bafumanisa ukuba ezinye zeephobias eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• acrophobia, uloyiko lweendawo eziphakamileyo
• i-aerophobia, uloyiko lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya
• arachnophobia, uloyiko lwezigcawu
• i-astraphobia, uloyiko lweendudumo kunye nemibane
• ukuzithemba, uloyiko lokuba wedwa
• i-claustrophobia, ukoyika indawo ezixineneyo okanye ezixineneyo
• hemophobia, ukoyika igazi
• hydrophobia, uloyiko lwamanzi
• ophidiophobia, ukoyika iinyoka
• zoophobia, uloyiko lwezilwanyana

Iifobbias ezizodwa

I-phobias ekhethekileyo ihlala ichaze ngokuthe ngqo. Eminye kakhulu kangangokuba inokuchaphazela kuphela abantu abambalwa ngexesha.

Oku kunzima ukuzichaza kuba uninzi lwabantu aluxeli uloyiko olungaqhelekanga koogqirha balo.

Imizekelo yezinye zeephobbias ezingaqhelekanga zibandakanya:

• alektorophobia, uloyiko lweenkukhu
• i-onomatophobia, ukoyika amagama
• pogonophobia, uloyiko lweendevu
• nephophobia, uloyiko lwamafu
• cryophobia, uloyiko lomkhenkce okanye ukubanda

Isimbuku salo lonke uloyiko ukuza kuthi ga ngoku

Ukunyanga i-phobia

I-Phobias iphathwa ngokudibanisa unyango kunye namayeza.

Ukuba unomdla ekufumaneni unyango lwe-phobia yakho, kuya kufuneka wenze idinga lokubonana nengcali yezengqondo okanye ingcali yezempilo yengqondo efanelekileyo.

Olona nyango lusebenzayo kwi-phobias ethile luhlobo lonyango lwengqondo olubizwa ngokuba lonyango lokuvezwa. Ngexesha lonyango lokuvezwa, usebenza nesayikholojisti ukuze ufunde indlela yokuzikhathaza ngento okanye imeko oyikayo.

Olu nyango lukunceda ukuba utshintshe iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo zakho malunga nento okanye imeko, ukuze ufunde ukulawula indlela ophendula ngayo.

Injongo kukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho ukuze ungaphazamiseki okanye uxinezeleke luloyiko lwakho.

Unyango lwe-exposure alusoyiki njengoko lunokuvakala ekuqaleni. Le nkqubo yenziwa ngoncedo lwegcisa lezempilo yengqondo, elaziyo ukukukhokela kancinci kancinci ngokwanda kwamanqanaba okuvezwa okuhamba nokuzilolonga.

Ukuba woyika izigcawu, uya kuqala ngokucinga nje ngezigcawu okanye iimeko apho unokuhlangana nazo. Emva koko unokuqhubela phambili kwimifanekiso okanye kwiividiyo. Emva koko mhlawumbi uye kwindawo apho izigcawu zinokuba khona, ezinje ngomgangatho ongaphantsi okanye kwindawo enemithi.

Kuya kuthatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba ucelwe ukuba ujonge okanye uchukumise isigcawu.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amayeza athile okunciphisa uxinzelelo anokukunceda kunyango lokuvezwa. Ngelixa la mayeza ayilulo ncam unyango lwe-phobias, anokunceda ekwenzeni unyango lokuvezwa lungakhathazi.

Amayeza anokunceda ukunciphisa iimvakalelo ezingonwabisiyo zoxinzelelo, uloyiko kunye noloyiko kubandakanya i-beta-blockers kunye ne-benzodiazepines.

Ukuthatha

I-Phobias loloyiko oluqhubekayo, olunamandla, kunye noloyiko lwento ethile okanye imeko. I-phobias ekhethekileyo inxulumene nezinto ezithile kunye neemeko. Zibandakanya uloyiko olunxulumene nezilwanyana, imeko yendalo, imiba yezonyango, okanye iimeko ezithile.

Ngelixa i-phobias inokungonwabi kakhulu kwaye icelomngeni, unyango kunye namayeza anokunceda. Ukuba ucinga ukuba unokuba ne-phobia ebangela ukuphazamiseka ebomini bakho, thetha nogqirha wakho kuvavanyo kunye nokhetho lonyango.