Umhlaza wemiphunga

Umxholo

• Isishwankathelo
• Yintoni umhlaza wemiphunga?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni womhlaza wemiphunga?
• Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga?
• Ufumanisa njani umhlaza wemiphunga?
• Luthini unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga?
• Ngaba umhlaza wemiphunga unokuthintelwa?

Isishwankathelo

Yintoni umhlaza wemiphunga?

Umhlaza wemiphunga ngumhlaza owenza izicwili zemiphunga, zihlala kwiiseli ezihamba iivesi zomoya. Ngoyena nobangela uphambili wokubulawa ngumhlaza emadodeni nakwabafazi.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: umhlaza omncinci wesifo somhlaza kunye nomhlaza wesifo semiphunga esincinci. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zikhula ngokwahlukileyo kwaye ziphathwa ngokwahlukileyo. Umhlaza wamaphaphu ongekho mncinci luhlobo oluqhelekileyo.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni womhlaza wemiphunga?

Umhlaza wemiphunga unokuchaphazela nabani na, kodwa kukho izinto ezithile eziphakamisa umngcipheko wokuzifumana:

• Ukutshaya. Le yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kumngcipheko wemiphunga. Ukutshaya icuba kubangela malunga ne-9 kwamatyala e-10 omhlaza wemiphunga emadodeni kwaye malunga ne-8 kwali-10 amatyala omhlaza wemiphunga kwabasetyhini. Ukuqala kwakho ebomini uqala ukutshaya, kokukhona utshaya, kunye nokutshaya icuba ngemini, kokukhona umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga ungaphezulu. Umngcipheko mkhulu ngakumbi ukuba utshaya kakhulu kwaye usela utywala yonke imihla okanye uthathe izongezo ze-beta carotene. Ukuba uyekile ukutshaya, umngcipheko wakho uya kuba sezantsi kunokuba ubunokuqhubeka utshaya. Kodwa usaya kuba semngciphekweni omkhulu kunabantu abangazange batshaye.
• Umsi otshaywayo, nokudibanisa umsi ophuma kwicuba kunye nomsi ophefumlelwe ngaphandle ngumntu otshaya. Xa uwuphefumlela, ubhenceka kwizinto ezifanayo ezibangela umhlaza njengabantu abatshayayo, nangona kungamanani amancinci.
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza wemiphunga
• Ukuvezwa kwi-asbestos, arsenic, chromium, beryllium, nickel, soot, okanye tar emsebenzini
• Ukuvezwa kwimitha, njengokuvela
  • Unyango ngemitha esifubeni okanye esifubeni
  • Radon ekhaya okanye kwindawo yokusebenza
  • Olunye uvavanyo lwe-imaging olufana nokuskena kwe-CT
• Usulelo lwe-HIV
• Ukumoshwa komoya

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga?

Ngamanye amaxesha umhlaza wemiphunga awubangeli zimpawu okanye zimpawu. Inokufunyanwa ngeX-ray yesifuba eyenzelwe enye imeko.

Ukuba unayo impawu, zingabandakanya

• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungonwabi
• Isikhohlela esingahambiyo okanye esiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha
• Ingxaki yokuphefumla
• Ukukhawuleza
• Igazi kwisikhohlela (i-mucus ikhuphe phezulu kwimiphunga)
• Ukurhabaxa
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo
• Ukudinwa
• Ingxaki yokuginya
• Ukudumba ebusweni kunye / okanye imithambo entanyeni

Ufumanisa njani umhlaza wemiphunga?

Ukwenza isifo, umboneleli wakho wezempilo

• Uya kubuza malunga nembali yakho yezonyango kunye nembali yosapho
• Uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba
• Ngaba uya kwenza iimvavanyo zokucinga, ezinje ngesifuba i-x-ray okanye isifuba se-CT scan
• Ngamana ungenza iimvavanyo zelebhu, kubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nesikhohlela
• Ingenza i-biopsy yemiphunga

Ukuba unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, umboneleli wakho uya kwenza ezinye iimvavanyo ukufumanisa ukuba sele isasazeke kangakanani kwimiphunga, i-lymph nodes kunye nawo wonke umzimba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yistage. Ukwazi uhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza wemiphunga onawo kunceda umboneleli wakho anqume ukuba loluphi uhlobo lonyango olifunayo.

Luthini unyango lomhlaza wemiphunga?

Kwizigulana ezininzi ezinomhlaza wemiphunga, unyango lwangoku alunyangi umhlaza.

Unyango lwakho luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo luni lomhlaza wemiphunga onawo, ukuba sele usasazeke kangakanani, impilo yakho iyonke kunye nezinye izinto. Unokufumana unyango olungaphezulu kolunye.

Unyango lwe umhlaza omncinci wesifo somhlaza zibandakanya

• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy
• Unyango lweLaser, olusebenzisa umqadi we-laser ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza
• Ukubekwa kwesentoscopic stent. I-endoscope sisixhobo esibhityileyo esifana netyhubhu esisetyenziselwa ukujonga izicwili ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ingasetyenziselwa ukubeka isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-stent. I-stent inceda ukuvula indlela yomoya ethintelwe ziithishu ezingaqhelekanga.

Unyango lwe umhlaza wamaphaphu ongekho mncinci zibandakanya

• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo, olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ezihlasela iiseli ezithile zomhlaza ngokungonzakalisi kangako kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy
• Unyango lweLaser
• Unyango lwe-Photodynamic (PDT), olusebenzisa iyeza kunye nohlobo oluthile lokukhanya kwelaser ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza
• I-Cryosurgery, esebenzisa isixhobo sokukhenkcisa kunye nokutshabalalisa izicubu ezingaqhelekanga
• Electrocautery, unyango olusebenzisa iprobe okanye inaliti eshushu ngombane ukutshabalalisa izicwili ezingaqhelekanga

Ngaba umhlaza wemiphunga unokuthintelwa?

Ukuphepha umngcipheko kunokunceda ukuthintela umhlaza wemiphunga:

• Ukuyeka ukutshaya. Ukuba awutshayi, ungaqali.
• Nciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kwizinto ezinobungozi emsebenzini
• Nciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwakho kwi-radon. Uvavanyo lweRadon lunokubonisa ukuba ngaba ikhaya lakho linamazinga aphezulu eradon. Ungathenga ikhithi yovavanyo ngokwakho okanye uqeshe ingcali ukuba yenze uvavanyo.

NIH: IZiko leSizwe loMhlaza

• Ukubaleka ngokuchasene nomhlaza wemiphunga: Izixhobo zokuThintela ukuNceda uMonde kwiCancer Fight