Uvavanyo lweMalariya

Umxholo

• Zithini iimvavanyo zeemalariya?
• Zenzelwe ntoni?
• Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lwemalariya?
• Kwenzeka ntoni kuvavanyo lwemalariya?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo?
• Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?
• Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga novavanyo lwemalariya?
• Izalathiso

Zithini iimvavanyo zeemalariya?

Imalariya sisifo esibi esibangelwa sisidleleli. Iincukuthu zizityalo ezincinci okanye izilwanyana ezifumana izondlo ngokuphila kwesinye isidalwa. Izidleleli ezibanga isifo seengcongconi zidluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa ziingcongconi ezosulelekileyo. Ekuqaleni, iimpawu zesifo seengcongconi zinokufana nezo zomkhuhlane. Emva kwexesha, imalariya inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezisongela ubomi.

I-Malaria ayisosuleli njengomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane, kodwa inokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngumntu ngeengcongconi. Ukuba iingcongconi ziluma umntu owosulelekileyo, ziyosasaza isidlele kuye nakubani na omlumileyo emva koko. Ukuba ulunywe yingcongconi esulelekileyo, ezi zifunxi-gazi ziya kungena egazini lakho. Izidleleli ziya kuphinda-phinda ngaphakathi kweeseli ezibomvu ze zibangele ukugula. Uvavanyo lwe-Malaria lukhangela imiqondiso yosulelo lwe-malaria egazini.

Isifo seengcongconi sixhaphakile kwimimandla eshushu neyeenjiko. Nyaka ngamnye, izigidi zabantu bosulelwa sisifo seengcongconi, yaye amakhulu amawaka abantu bayabulawa sesi sifo. Uninzi lwabantu ababulawa sisifo seengcongconi ngabantwana abancinci eAfrika. Ngelixa isifo seengcongconi sifumaneka kumazwe angaphezu kwama-87, uninzi losulelo kunye nokufa kuyenzeka eAfrika. Isifo seengcongconi sinqabile eUnited States. Kodwa abemi baseU.S. Abaya eAfrika nakwamanye amazwe akweleenjiko basemngciphekweni wokosulelwa sesi sifo.

Amanye amagama: isifo seengcongconi smear, isifo seengcongconi kuvavanyo lokuqonda isifo, imalariya yiPCR

Zenzelwe ntoni?

Uvavanyo lweMalariya lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo seengcongconi. Ukuba isifo seengcongconi sifunyenwe kwaye sanyangwa kwangoko, sinokunyangeka. Ukuba ayinyangwa, isifo seengcongconi singakhokelela kwiingxaki ezisongela ubomi, kubandakanya ukusilela kwezintso, ukusilela kwesibindi kunye nokopha ngaphakathi.

Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lwemalariya?

Ungaludinga olu vavanyo ukuba uhlala okanye usandula ukuhambela kwindawo apho isifo seengcongconi sixhaphake khona kwaye uneempawu zesifo seengcongconi. Uninzi lwabantu luya kuba neempawu kwiintsuku ezili-14 zokulunywa yingcongconi esulelekileyo. Kodwa iimpawu zingabonakala kwangoko nje kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe emva koko okanye zingathatha ixesha elingangonyaka ukuvela. Kumanqanaba okuqala osulelo, iimpawu ze-malaria ziyafana nomkhuhlane, kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Ifiva
• Ukugodola
• Ukudinwa
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha

Kumanqanaba okugqibela osulelo, iimpawu zibaluleke kakhulu kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu
• Ukuqhaqhazela kunye nokubanda
• Ukuxhuzula
• Izitulo zegazi
• IJaundice (tyheli kolusu namehlo)
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukudideka kwengqondo

Kwenzeka ntoni kuvavanyo lwemalariya?

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kubuza malunga neempawu zakho kunye neenkcukacha kuhambo lwakho lwamva nje. Ukuba kurhaneleka usulelo, igazi lakho liza kuvavanywa ukujonga imiqondiso yosulelo lwemalariya.

Ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwegazi, ingcali yokhathalelo lwempilo iya kuthatha isampulu yegazi kumthambo engalweni yakho, usebenzisa inaliti encinci. Emva kokuba inaliti ifakiwe, inani elincinci legazi liya kuqokelelwa kwityhubhu yovavanyo okanye igutyana. Unokuziva uluma kancinci xa inaliti ingena okanye iphuma. Oku kuhlala kuthatha imizuzu engaphantsi kwesihlanu.

Isampulu yegazi lakho ingavavanywa ngenye yezi ndlela zimbini okanye zombini.

• Uvavanyo lwe-smear yegazi. Kwi-smear yegazi, ithontsi legazi lifakwa kwisilayidi esinyangwe ngokukodwa. Ingcali elabhoratri iya kuvavanya isilayidi phantsi kwemicroscope kwaye ijonge iiparasites.
• Uvavanyo lokuqonda ngokukhawuleza. Olu vavanyo lukhangela iiproteni ezaziwa ngokuba ziiantigen, ezikhutshwa sisidleleli semalariya. Inokubonelela ngeziphumo ezikhawulezayo kune-smear yegazi, kodwa i-smear yegazi ihlala ifuneka ukuqinisekisa isifo.

Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo?

Awunawo amalungiselelo akhethekileyo ovavanyo lwemalariya.

Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?

Mncinci kakhulu umngcipheko wokuvavanywa kwegazi. Unokuba nentlungu encinci okanye ukrakra kwindawo apho inaliti yafakwa khona, kodwa uninzi lweempawu zihamba ngokukhawuleza.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?

Ukuba iziphumo zakho bezingalunganga, kodwa useneempawu ze-malaria, unokufuna ukuphinda uzame. Inani leeparasites zesifo seengcongconi lingahluka ngamanye amaxesha. Ke umboneleli wakho anga-odola i-smear yegazi rhoqo emva kweeyure eziyi-12-24 kwithuba leentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba unayo na imalariya ukuze ufumane unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba ngaba iziphumo zakho beziqinisekile, umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kukuyalela amayeza okusinyanga esi sifo. Uhlobo lwamayeza luya kuxhomekeka kubudala bakho, ukuba zinobuzaza kangakanani iimpawu zakho ze-malaria, nokuba ukhulelwe. Xa uphathwa kwangoko, iimeko ezininzi ze-malaria ziyanyangeka.

Funda ngakumbi malunga novavanyo lwelabhoratri, uluhlu lweereferensi, kunye neziphumo zokuqonda.

Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga novavanyo lwemalariya?

Ukuba uza kuhamba usiya kwindawo apho isifo seengcongconi sixhaphakile, thetha nomboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokuba uhambe. Unokuyalela iyeza elinokunceda ukuthintela isifo seengcongconi.

Kukwakho amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuthintela ukulunywa yingcongconi. Oku kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana isifo seengcongconi kunye nezinye izifo ezosulelwa ziingcongconi. Ukuthintela ukulunywa, kuya kufuneka:

• Faka isicelo sokugxotha izinambuzane esine-DEET kulusu nakwimpahla yakho.
• Nxiba iihempe ezinemikhono emide neebhulukhwe.
• Sebenzisa izikrini kwiifestile naseminyango.
• Lala phantsi komnatha wengcongconi.

Izalathiso

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Ulwazi olukule ndawo akufuneki lusetyenziswe endaweni yonyango okanye iingcebiso. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wezempilo ukuba unemibuzo malunga nempilo yakho.