Yintoni iMetamorphopsia?

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Iimpawu zeMetamorphopsia
• Izizathu zeMetamorphopsia
• Ukwehla kwemacular degeneration (AMD)
• Iimbumba ze-Epiretinal (ERMs)
• I-edema ye-Macular
• I-Retinal detachment
• Umngxunya weMacular
• Ukuxilongwa kweMetamorphopsia
• Unyango lweMetamorphopsia
• Imbonakalo yeMetamorphopsia

Ushwankathelo

I-Metamorphopsia sisiphene esibonakalayo esibangela izinto ezinomda, ezinje ngemigca kwigridi, ukuba ujonge ukujikajika okanye ukujikeleza. Kubangelwa ziingxaki ngamehlo, kwaye ngakumbi i-macula.

Iretina ngumaleko omfitshane weeseli ngasemva kweliso elibona ukukhanya kwaye lithumela- nge-optic nerve -impembelelo zengqondo, ekuvumela ukuba ubone. I-macula ihleli embindini we-retina kwaye inceda ukuba ubone izinto ngokucacileyo. Xa enye yezi zinto ichaphazeleka ngenxa yezifo, ukwenzakala, okanye ubudala, i-metamorphopsia inokubangela.

Iimpawu zeMetamorphopsia

I-Metamorphopsia ichaphazela umbono ophakathi (xa kuthelekiswa nepheripheral, okanye umbono osecaleni) kwaye iphazamisa ukubonakala kwezinto ezinomda. Inokwenzeka ngeliso elinye okanye zombini. Xa une-metamorphopsia, unokufumanisa ukuba:

• Izinto ezichanekileyo, njengebhodi yomqondiso, zibonakala zi-wavy.
• Izinto ezithe tyaba, ezinje ngophawu uqobo, jonga ujikelezwe.
• Imilo, njengobuso, inokubonakala iphosakele. Ngapha koko, abanye baye bafanisa i-metamorphopsia nokujonga umzobo wePicasso, kunye nobubanzi bayo.
• Izinto zibonakala zincinci kunokuba zinjalo (ezibizwa ngokuba yimicropsia) okanye zinkulu kunokuba zinjalo (macropsia). Ngokophando olupapashwe kuPhando lweOphthalmic, iMicropsia ixhaphake kakhulu kune-macropsia.

Izizathu zeMetamorphopsia

I-Metamorphopsia inokuba luphawu lweengxaki ezahlukeneyo zamehlo ezichaphazela i-retina kunye ne-macula. Oku kubandakanya:

Ukwehla kwemacular degeneration (AMD)

Esi sisifo esixhaphakileyo, esiya sisiba mandundu esichaphazela i-macula, icandelo leliso elikuvumela ukuba ubone izinto kugxilwe ngokuqaqambileyo kunye neenkcukacha ezintle. IZiko leLiso likaZwelonke linika ingxelo yokuba ukonakala okuhambelana nobudala (i-AMD) yile:

• oyena nobangela uphambili wokuphulukana nombono phakathi kwabo bangama-50 nangaphezulu
• ayikwazi ukwenzeka kude kube semva kweminyaka engama-60
• inxulunyaniswa nemfuza
• ngokunokwenzeka inxulumene nezinto zokusingqongileyo njengokutya kunye nokutshaya

Kwenye yokujonga i-AMD kunye ne-metamorphopsia:

• Iipesenti ezingama-45 zezifundo zinezinto ezigqwethekileyo ezibonakalayo kwimigca (umzekelo, iphepha leendaba okanye imiboniso yekhompyuter)
• Iipesenti ezingama-22.6 ziqaphele ukugqwethwa kweefreyimu zeefestile kunye neeshelfu zeencwadi
• Iipesenti ezingama-21.6 zinokugqwethwa kwemigca yethayile yokuhlambela
• Iipesenti ezingama-18.6 zafumana ubugqwetha bobuso

I-AMD emanzi isethubeni lokuvelisa i-metamorphopsia kune-AMD eyomileyo. I-AMD emanzi sisifo esinqabileyo apho imithambo yegazi ivuza khona igazi kunye nolwelo kwaye ngenxa yoko, konakalisa imacula. Kwi-AMD eyomileyo, i-macula iyacutheka ngenxa yobudala kunye neeproteni ezinamafutha (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-drusen) clump phantsi komphezulu, zibangela ukulahleka kombono.

Iimbumba ze-Epiretinal (ERMs)

Ii-ERMs (ii-epiretinal membranes) zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-macular puckers. Zibangelwa sisiphene kumgangatho ongaphezulu we-retina. Esi siphene sinokubangelwa kukwaluphala, iinyembezi zomzimba, kunye nezifo ezinje ngesifo seswekile, ezichaphazela imimandla yemithambo yamehlo.

Ii-ERM ziqala ngeeseli ezikhula kwi-membrane ye-retina egudileyo. Oku kukhula kwamaselula kunokwenza ikhontrakthi etsala kwi-retina kwaye kubangele umbono ogqwethekileyo.

Malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zabantu baseMelika abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 ubudala banee-ERM, nangona ingezizo zonke iimeko ezinzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba zifuna unyango.

I-edema ye-Macular

Le yimeko apho ulwelo lwakha khona kwi-macula. Olu lwelo lunokuvuza kwimithambo yegazi ejikelezileyo eyonakalisiweyo ngenxa:

• izifo ezifana neswekile
• utyando lwamehlo
• ukuphazamiseka okuthile kokudumba (okufana ne-uveitis, okanye ukudumba kwe-uvee yeliso okanye umaleko ophakathi wamehlo)

Olu lwelo longezelelekileyo lubangela ukuba i-macula idumbe kwaye inyibilike, ibangele umbono ogqwethekileyo.

I-Retinal detachment

Xa i-retina ishenxisa kulwakhiwo oluyixhasayo, umbono uyachaphazeleka. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala, isifo, okanye ukwenzakala.

I-retina evalelweyo yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango kwaye ifuna unyango kwangoko ukuthintela ukulahleka kombono okusisigxina. Iimpawu zibandakanya "ukuntywila" (imiboniso kumbono wakho) okanye ukukhanya kokukhanya emehlweni akho.

Umngxunya weMacular

Njengoko igama lisitsho, umngxunya we-macular yinyembezi encinci okanye uqhekeko kwi-macula. Eli khefu linokwenzeka ngenxa yobudala. Kwenzeka xa ijeli enika iliso imo yayo ejikelezileyo iyancipha kunye nezivumelwano, itsala kude kwi-retina kwaye ibangela iinyembezi.

Imingxunya yee-macular ihlala ivela kulawo angaphaya kwama-60. Ukuba elinye iliso liyachaphazeleka, unethuba le-10 ukuya kwi-15 lepesenti lokuliphucula kwelinye iliso.

Ukuxilongwa kweMetamorphopsia

Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezininzi-uninzi lubandakanya iitshathi okanye iigrafu ezinemigca- ukunceda ekuchongeni i-metamorphopsia. Abantu ababona ubugqwetha kwimigca xa kungekho namnye kunokwenzeka ukuba babe ne-retina okanye ingxaki ye-macular kunye ne-metamorphopsia elandelayo.

• Igridi yeAmsler. Ugqirha wakho unokukucela ukuba ujonge into ebizwa ngokuba yigridi yeAmsler. Ngokufana nephepha legridi elisetyenziswe kwiklasi yejometri, liye lahlula ngokulinganayo imigca ethe tye kunye ethe nkqo kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo.
• Ukukhetha i-perimeter ekhethekileyo ye-hyperacuity (PHP). Olu luvavanyo apho imigca echokoziweyo eneendlela ezigqwethekileyo ezenziwe phambi kwakho. Uya kucelwa ukuba ukhethe ukuba yeyiphi imigca engalunganga kwaye engekhoyo.
• Iitshathi ze-M. Ezi ziitshathi ezinemigca emibini okanye emibini ethe nkqo eyenziwe ngamachaphaza amancinci, kwakhona enendawo ekugxilwe kuyo.

Unyango lweMetamorphopsia

Kuba i-metamorphopsia luphawu lwe-retina okanye ingxaki ye-macular, ukunyanga ukungahambi kakuhle kufuneka kuphucule umbono ogqwethekileyo.

Umzekelo, ukuba une-AMD emanzi, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe utyando lwe-laser lokumisa okanye lokucothisa ukuphuma kwegazi kwiinqanawa eziphosakeleyo kwi-retina yakho.

Ukuba une-AMD eyomileyo, unokucetyiswa ukuba uthathe izongezo ezithile, ezinjengeevithamini C kunye no-E, lutein kunye ne-zeaxanthin eziye zaboniswa ukuba ziyasicutha isifo.

Ukuba une-retina ekhethiweyo, utyando lokuphinda ulunamathisele kuya kufuneka. Nayiphi na i-metamorphopsia enxulumene noko kufuneka iphucule- kodwa inokuthatha ixesha. Kwisifundo esinye, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sezifundo besesine-metamorphopsia ngonyaka emva kotyando oluyimpumelelo lwe-retina ekhutshiweyo.

Imbonakalo yeMetamorphopsia

Umbono ogqwethekileyo ophawu lwe-metamorphopsia luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe-retina kunye neengxaki zamehlo. Kuxhomekeke kwimeko esezantsi kunye nobukhali bayo, i-metamorphopsia inokubaluleka okanye hayi. Ngokubanzi, nangona kunjalo, nje ukuba ingxaki yamehlo inyange ingxaki yombono inyangiwe, i-metamorphopsia iyaphucuka.

Thetha nogqirha ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kumbono wakho. Njengakwezinto ezininzi, ukufumanisa kwangaphambili kunye nonyango kukhokelela kwisiphumo esingcono.