IMethadone, iThebhulethi yomlomo

Umxholo

• Amagqabantshintshi kwimethadone
• Yintoni imethadone?
• Ingaba isebenza kanjani
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeMethadone
• Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu
• Ungayithatha njani imethadone
• Iifom zamachiza kunye namandla
• Isisombululo sexesha elifutshane lokumodareyitha kwiintlungu ezinzima
• Umthamo wokukhutshwa kweziyobisi kwi-opioid
• Umthamo wokugcinwa kweziyobisi kwi-opioid
• Isilumkiso esibalulekileyo
• Nini ukubiza ugqirha wakho
• Thatha njengoko kuyalelwe
• Izilumkiso zeMethadone
• Izilumkiso ze-FDA
• Isilumkiso sozela
• Isilumkiso somzimba
• Isilumkiso sokunxibelelana notywala
• Izilumkiso zabantu abaneemeko ezithile zempilo
• Izilumkiso kwamanye amaqela
• IMethadone inokusebenzisana namanye amayeza
• Iziyobisi ongafanele uzisebenzise kunye ne-methadone
• Ukudibana okwandisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga
• Ukudibana okunokwenza amayeza akho asebenze kancinci
• Ukuqwalaselwa okubalulekileyo kokuthatha imethadone
• Ngokubanzi
• Ukugcina
• Ukuzalisa kwakhona
• Ukuhamba
• Ukuzilawula
• Ukubeka iliso kwezonyango
• Ngaphambi kogunyaziso
• Ngaba zikhona ezinye iindlela?

Amagqabantshintshi kwimethadone

1. Ithebhulethi yomlomo iMethadone sisiyobisi esenziwe ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Iyafumaneka njengecwecwe lomlomo elinyibilikayo phantsi kwe Igama lophawu lweMethadose.
2. IMethadone iza ngohlobo lwethebhulethi, ithebhulethi enokusasazeka (ithebhulethi enokuthi inyibilike kulwelo), isisombululo sokugxila, kunye nesisombululo. Uthabatha nganye yezi fomu ngomlomo. Iza kwakhona njengenaliti enikwa kuphela ngugqirha.
3. Ithebhulethi yomlomo iMethadone isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlungu. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukucoca okanye ukunyanga ulondolozo lweziyobisi ze-opioid.

Yintoni imethadone?

IMethadone sisiyobisi esigqirha. Yiopioid, eyenza ukuba ibe yinto elawulwayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba eli chiza linomngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwaye kunokubangela ukuxhomekeka.

IMethadone iza njengecwecwe lomlomo, ithebhulethi enokusasazwa ngomlomo (ithebhulethi enokuthi inyibilike kulwelo), isisombululo somlomo, kunye nesisombululo somlomo. I-Methadone iza kwifom yegazi (IV), enikezelwa kuphela ngumboneleli wezempilo.

IMethadone ikwafumaneka njengesiyobisi segama lophawu Imethadose, Eza kwithebhulethi yomlomo.

Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeMethadone isetyenziselwa ukulawula iintlungu ezibukhali. Inikwa kuphela xa ezinye iziyobisi zexesha elifutshane okanye ezingezizo-opioid zingasebenzi kuwe okanye ukuba awukwazi ukuzinyamezela.

IMethadone ikwasetyenziselwa ukulawula iziyobisi. Ukuba unomlutha kwenye i-opioid, ugqirha wakho unokukunika i-methadone ukukhusela ekubeni neempawu ezinzima zokurhoxa.

Ingaba isebenza kanjani

IMethadone ikudidi lweziyobisi ekuthiwa ziiopioids (narcotic). Iklasi leziyobisi liqela lamayeza asebenza ngendlela efanayo. La machiza ahlala esetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezifanayo.

IMethadone isebenza kwii-receptors zentlungu emzimbeni wakho. Iyanciphisa ukuba uziva ubuhlungu obungakanani.

I-Methadone inokutshintsha elinye isiyobisi se-opioid osikhobokisayo. Oku kuyakukugcina ungafumani zimpawu ziqatha zokurhoxa.

Eli chiza linokukwenza wozele. Akufanele uqhube, usebenzise oomatshini, okanye wenze eminye imisebenzi efuna ukuphapha emva kokuba uthathe eli chiza.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeMethadone

I-Methadone inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinobulali okanye ezinobuzaza. Olu luhlu lulandelayo luqulathe ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ngelixa uthatha imethadone. Olu luhlu alubandakanyi zonke iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ze-methadone, okanye iingcebiso ngendlela yokujongana nefuthe elibuhlungu, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ze-methadone zingabandakanya:

• ukuqhina
• isicaphucaphu
• ukozela
• ukugabha
• ukudinwa
• intloko ebuhlungu
• isiyezi
• isisu esibuhlungu

Ukuba ezi ziphumo bezingalunganga, zinokuhamba zingaphelanga iintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa. Ukuba zinzima kakhulu okanye azihambi, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu

Shayela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba unemiphumo emibi. Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 ukuba iimpawu zakho ziziva zisongela ubomi okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba unempilo kaxakeka. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu kunye neempawu zazo zinokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla (ukungakwazi ukuphefumla). Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
  • iintlungu zesifuba
  • intloko elula
  • ndiziva ndidiniwe
  • ukuphefumla okucothayo
  • ukuphefumla okungekho nzulu (intshukumo encinci yesifuba ngokuphefumla)
  • isiyezi
  • ukudideka
• I-Orthostatic hypotension (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi xa usukuma emva kokuhlala okanye ukulala). Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
  • utywala okanye intloko
  • isiqaqa
• Ukuxhomekeka ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokurhoxa xa uyeka ichiza. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • ukungazinzi
  • ukucaphuka okanye ukuxhalaba
  • ingxaki yokulala
  • ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi
  • isantya sokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
  • ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
  • abafundi abahlanjululweyo (ukwandiswa kweziko elimnyama lamehlo)
  • Amehlo aneenyembezi
  • impumlo enemifinya
  • ukuzamla
  • isicaphucaphu, ukugabha nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
  • urhudo kunye necramps zesisu
  • ukubila
  • Ukugodola
  • iintlungu zemisipha kunye nomqolo
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa okanye likhoboka. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
  • ukuthatha ngaphezulu kwesiyobisi kunokuba kumiselwe
  • ukuthatha iyeza rhoqo nokuba awuyidingi
  • Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa ichiza ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi nabahlobo, usapho, umsebenzi wakho, okanye umthetho
  • ukungahoyi imisebenzi yesiqhelo
  • ukuthatha iyeza ngasese okanye uxoke malunga nokuba uthatha malini
• Ukuxhuzula.

Ungayithatha njani imethadone

Umthamo we-methadone ogqirha ugqirha wakho uya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi. Oku kubandakanya:

• uhlobo kunye nobunzima bemeko oyisebenzisayo ukunyanga i-methadone
• iminyaka yakho
• uhlobo lwemethadone oyithathayo
• ezinye iimeko zonyango onokuba nazo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ugqirha wakho uya kukuqala kwiqondo eliphantsi kwaye ulungelelanise ixesha elide ukufikelela kumthamo olungele wena. Ekugqibeleni baya kumisela idosi encinci enika isiphumo esifunekayo.

Olu lwazi lulandelayo luchaza iidosi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo okanye ezicetyiswayo. Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukuthatha idosi ekumisela ugqirha wakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela eyona idosi ilungele iimfuno zakho.

Iifom zamachiza kunye namandla

Ngokwesiqhelo: imethadone

• Ifom: ithebhulethi yomlomo
• Amandla: Iimiligram eziyi-5 (mg), 10 mg
• Ifom: ithebhulethi yomlomo esasazekayo
• Amandla: 40 mg

Igama lebrand: Imethadose

• Ifom: ithebhulethi yomlomo esasazekayo
• Amandla: 40 mg

Isisombululo sexesha elifutshane lokumodareyitha kwiintlungu ezinzima

Idosi yabantu abadala (iminyaka eyi-18-64 iminyaka)

• Isiqalo sokuqala sokuqala: I-2.5 mg ithathe zonke iiyure eziyi-8 ukuya kwezi-12.
• Ukunyuka kwesilinganiso: Ugqirha wakho uya kunyusa kancinci idosi yakho yonke imihla emi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 okanye nangaphezulu.

Umthamo womntwana (iminyaka eyi-0-17 iminyaka)

Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kweli chiza akuzange kusekwe ebantwaneni. Akufanele isetyenziswe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18.

Umthamo omkhulu (iminyaka eyi-65 nangaphezulu)

Izintso zakho zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle njengangaphambili. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umzimba wakho uqhubekeke neziyobisi ngokuthe chu. Ngenxa yoko, inani eliphezulu leziyobisi lihlala emzimbeni wakho ixesha elide. Oku kuphakamisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Umthamo wokukhutshwa kweziyobisi kwi-opioid

Idosi yabantu abadala (iminyaka eyi-18-64 iminyaka)

• Isiqalo sokuqala sokuqala: 20-30 mg.
• Ukunyuka kwesilinganiso: Emva kokulinda iiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4, ugqirha wakho angakunika u-5-10 mg ongezelelweyo.
• Umyinge oqhelekileyo: Kwi-detoxification yexesha elifutshane, idosi eqhelekileyo ithathwa ngama-20 mg amaxesha amabini ngemini kangangeentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3. Ugqirha wakho uya kunciphisa kancinci umthamo wakho kwaye akubukele ngokusondeleyo.
• Ubuninzi besilinganiso: Ngosuku lokuqala, akufuneki uthathe ngaphezulu kwe-40 mg iyonke.

Umthamo womntwana (iminyaka eyi-0-17 iminyaka)

Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kweli chiza akuzange kusekwe ebantwaneni. Akufanele isetyenziswe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18.

Umthamo omkhulu (iminyaka eyi-65 nangaphezulu)

Izintso zakho zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle njengangaphambili. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umzimba wakho uqhubekeke neziyobisi ngokuthe chu. Ngenxa yoko, inani eliphezulu leziyobisi lihlala emzimbeni wakho ixesha elide. Oku kuphakamisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Umthamo wokugcinwa kweziyobisi kwi-opioid

Idosi yabantu abadala (iminyaka eyi-18-64 iminyaka)

Imilinganiselo yomgangatho oqhelekileyo iphakathi kwe-80-120 mg ngosuku. Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela idosi efanelekileyo kuwe.

Umthamo womntwana (iminyaka eyi-0-17 iminyaka)

Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kweli chiza akuzange kusekwe ebantwaneni. Akufanele isetyenziswe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18.

Umthamo omkhulu (iminyaka eyi-65 nangaphezulu)

Izintso zakho zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle njengangaphambili. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umzimba wakho uqhubekeke neziyobisi ngokuthe chu. Ngenxa yoko, inani eliphezulu leziyobisi lihlala emzimbeni wakho ixesha elide. Oku kuphakamisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Isilumkiso esibalulekileyo

Musa ukutyumza, ukunyibilikisa, ukurhabula, okanye ukujova iipilisi zomlomo zemethadone kuba oku kunokubangela ukuba usebenze ngaphezulu. Oku kunokuba yingozi.

Nini ukubiza ugqirha wakho

1. Biza ugqirha wakho ukuba idosi yemethadone oyithathayo ayilawuli iintlungu zakho.

Thatha njengoko kuyalelwe

Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeMethadone isetyenziselwa unyango lwexesha elifutshane. Kuza nomngcipheko omkhulu ukuba awuyithathi njengoko kumiselwe.

Ukuba uyeka ukuthatha iyeza ngesiquphe okanye ungathathi kwaphela: Intlungu yakho ayinakulawulwa kwaye unokuhamba ngokurhoxa kwe-opioid. Iimpawu zokurhoxa zibandakanya:

• ukukrazuka kwamehlo akho
• impumlo enemifinya
• Ukuthimla
• ukuzamla
• ukubila kakhulu
• amaqhuma erhamba
• ifiva
• Ukugodola okungqubana nokugungxula (ukubomvu kunye nokufudumeza kobuso bakho okanye umzimba)
• ukungazinzi
• ukucaphuka
• ixhala
• ukudakumba
• ukungcangcazela
• iicampu
• iintlungu zomzimba
• ukukrwitsha kunye nokukhaba okungafunekiyo
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• urhudo
• ukuhla ukusinda

Ukuba uphosa idosi okanye awuthathi ichiza kwishedyuli: Amayeza akho anokungasebenzi kakuhle okanye angayeka ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Unokufumana neempawu zokurhoxa.

Ukuba uthatha kakhulu: Unokuba namanqanaba ayingozi amachiza emzimbeni wakho. Iimpawu libanda, eli chiza kungabandakanya:

• ukulahleka kwethoni yezihlunu
• Kuyabanda, ulusu olunombala
• abafundi abancinci (abancinci)
• ukubetha kancinci
• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, olunokubangela ukuba nesiyezi okanye ukutyhafa
• ukuphefumla okucothayo
• Ukuzihlaziya okugqithisileyo okukhokelela kwi-coma (ukungazi nto ixesha elide)

Ukuba ucinga ukuba uthathe eli chiza kakhulu, tsalela ugqirha okanye indawo yolawulo lwetyhefu yendawo. Ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngoko nangoko.

Yintoni omele uyenze xa uphosa idosi:

Ukuba uthatha eli chiza ukunyanga iintlungu: Musa ukuthatha ngaphezulu kwedosi emiselweyo kwiiyure ezingama-24. Ukuba uthatha eli chiza ngenxa yeentlungu kwaye uphosa idosi, yithathe ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Emva koko thabatha idosi yakho elandelayo emva kweeyure eziyi-8 ukuya kwezi-12 njengoko uyalelwe ngugqirha.

Ukuba liphantse lafika idosi yakho elandelayo, tsiba idosi ephosiweyo kwaye ubuyele kwishedyuli yakho yethamo eqhelekileyo.

Ukuba uthatha eli chiza ngenjongo yokukhutshelwa emzimbeni kunye nokugcinwa kweziyobisi: Thatha idosi yakho elandelayo ngosuku olulandelayo njengoko kucwangcisiwe. Musa ukuthatha amanani angaphezulu. Ukuthatha ngaphezulu kwethamo elimiselweyo kunokubangela ukuba ugqithise kuba eli chiza lakha emzimbeni wakho ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ungaxela njani ukuba ichiza liyasebenza: Kuya kufuneka unciphise iintlungu, okanye iimpawu zakho zokurhoxa kufuneka zihambe.

Izilumkiso zeMethadone

Eli chiza liza nezilumkiso ezahlukeneyo.

Izilumkiso ze-FDA

• Umlutha kunye nesilumkiso sokusetyenziswa gwenxa: IMethadone iza nomngcipheko wokuba likhoboka kwanaxa isetyenziswa ngendlela eyiyo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni gwenxa kweziyobisi. Ukuba likhoboka lokusebenzisa iziyobisi gwenxa kunye nokusebenzisa gwenxa kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokudlula kunye nokufa.
• Uvavanyo lomngcipheko kunye nesiCwangciso sokuNceda (REMS): Ngenxa yomngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, I-FDA ifuna ukuba umenzi weziyobisi abonelele ngenkqubo ye-REMS. Ngaphantsi kweemfuno zale nkqubo ye-REMS, umenzi weziyobisi kufuneka avelise iinkqubo zemfundo ngokubhekisele ekusetyenzisweni okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kwe-opioids kugqirha wakho
• Ukulumkisa iingxaki zokuphefumla: Ukuthatha ii-opioid ezisebenza ixesha elide, ezinje nge-methadone, kubangele abanye abantu ukuba bayeke ukuphefumla. Oku kungabulala (kubangele ukufa). Oku kunokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lonyango, nokuba usebenzisa eli chiza ngendlela eyiyo. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko uphezulu xa uqala ukuthatha iyeza kwaye emva kokunyuka kwethamo. Umngcipheko wakho unokuphakama ukuba ukhulile okanye sele unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye yemiphunga.
• Libanda, ebantwaneni isilumkiso: Abantwana abathathe ngengozi eli chiza banomngcipheko ophezulu wokufa ngenxa yokugqithisa. Abantwana akufuneki bathathe eli chiza.
• Isilumkiso seengxaki zentliziyo: Eli chiza linokubangela iingxaki ezinesingqi sentliziyo, ngakumbi ukuba uthatha idosi enkulu kune-200 mg ngosuku. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwenzeka nakweliphi na idosi. Inokwenzeka nokuba awunangxaki zentliziyo.
• Ukukhulelwa kunye ne-neonatal opioid yokurhoxisa isifo isilumkiso: Abantwana abazalelwe oomama abasebenzisa eli chiza ixesha elide ngexesha lokukhulelwa basemngciphekweni wokukhutshwa kwe-neonatal syndrome. Oku kunokuba sisongelo lobomi emntwaneni.
• Isilumkiso sokusebenzisana kweziyobisi zeBenzodiazepine: Ukuthatha imethadone kunye neziyobisi ezichaphazela inkqubo yeemvakalelo, okanye iziyobisi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-benzodiazepines, kunokubangela ukozela okukhulu, iingxaki zokuphefumla, isiqaqa okanye ukufa. Imizekelo ye-benzodiazepines ibandakanya i-lorazepam, i-clonazepam, kunye ne-alprazolam. La machiza kufuneka asetyenziswe kuphela nge-methadone xa amanye amachiza engasebenzi kakuhle ngokwaneleyo.

Isilumkiso sozela

Eli chiza linokukwenza wozele. Akufanele uqhube, usebenzise oomatshini, okanye wenze eminye imisebenzi efuna ukuphapha emva kokuba uthathe eli chiza.

Isilumkiso somzimba

I-Methadone inokubangela ukusabela kakubi. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• ukudumba komqala okanye ulwimi lwakho

Ukuba uvelisa ezi mpawu, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi lexakeka elikufutshane.

Sukuphinda ulithathe eli chiza ukuba ukhe waba negazi kulo. Ukuyithatha kwakhona kunokuba yingozi (kubangele ukufa).

Isilumkiso sokunxibelelana notywala

Ukusetyenziswa kweziselo ezinesiselo esinxilisayo kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokudlamka, ukuphefumla okucothayo, isiqaqa (ukungabikho zingqondweni ixesha elide), kunye nokufa kwimethadone.

Ukuba usela utywala, thetha nogqirha wakho. Kuya kufuneka ubekwe esweni uxinzelelo lwegazi, iingxaki zokuphefumla kunye nokuhlala.

Izilumkiso zabantu abaneemeko ezithile zempilo

Kubantu abaneengxaki zezintso: Ukuba uneengxaki zezintso okanye imbali yesifo sezintso, ngekhe ube nakho ukulicoca kakuhle eli chiza emzimbeni wakho. Oku kunokunyusa amanqanaba e-methadone emzimbeni wakho kwaye kubangele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaphezulu. Ugqirha wakho kufuneka akubukele ngokusondeleyo ukuba uthatha eli chiza.

Kubantu abaneengxaki zesibindi: Ukuba uneengxaki zesibindi okanye unembali yesifo sesibindi, ngekhe ube nakho ukulenza kakuhle eli chiza. Oku kunokunyusa amanqanaba e-methadone emzimbeni wakho kwaye kubangele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaphezulu. Ugqirha wakho kufuneka akubukele ngokusondeleyo ukuba uthatha eli chiza.

Kubantu abaneengxaki zokuphefumla: Eli chiza linokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla. Inokuba nzima ngakumbi ukuphefumla iingxaki osele unazo. Oku kungabulala (kubangele ukufa). Ukuba uneengxaki zokuphefumla, isifo sesifuba, okanye uhlaselo lwesifuba, kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba eli chiza likhuselekile na kuwe.

Kubantu abanezithintelo zesisu (GI): Eli chiza linokubangela ukuqunjelwa kunye nokunyusa umngcipheko kuthintelo lwe-GI. Ukuba unembali yezithintelo ze-GI okanye okwangoku unayo, kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba eli chiza likhuselekile na kuwe. Ukuba une-ileus ekhubazekileyo (ukunqongophala kwethoni yemisipha emathunjini enokubangela izithintelo ze-GI), akufuneki uthathe eli chiza.

Kubantu abaxhuzulayo: Eli chiza linokubangela ukuxhuzula okungakumbi kubantu abanesathuthwane. Ukuba ulawulo lwakho lokuhlutha luya lubi ngakumbi ngelixa uthatha eli chiza, biza ugqirha wakho.

Kubantu abonzakele entloko: Eli chiza linokubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kwingqondo yakho. Oku kunokuphakamisa umngcipheko weengxaki okanye kubangele ukufa. Ukuba uye wenzakala entloko kutshanje, yonyusa umngcipheko weengxaki zokuphefumla ezivela kwimethadone. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba eli chiza likhuselekile kuwe.

Izilumkiso kwamanye amaqela

• Abafazi abakhulelweyo: Akukho zifundo zeziphumo ze-methadone kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa. Eli chiza kufuneka lisetyenziswe kuphela ukuba isibonelelo esinokubakho siqinisekisa umngcipheko onokubakho. Ukuba ukhulelwa ngelixa uthatha eli chiza, biza ugqirha wakho kwangoko. Abantwana abazalelwe oomama abasebenzisa eli chiza ixesha elide ngexesha lokukhulelwa basemngciphekweni wokukhutshwa kwe-neonatal syndrome. Oku kunokuba sisongelo lobomi emntwaneni.
• Kubafazi abancancisayo: I-Methadone inokudlula kubisi lwebele kwaye inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emntwaneni oncanciswa. Ezi ziphumo zibandakanya ukuphefumla okucothayo kunye nokudakasa. Thetha nogqirha wakho xa uncelisa umntwana wakho. Kuya kufuneka uthathe isigqibo sokuba uyeke ukuncancisa okanye uyeke ukuthatha eli yeza.
• Kubantu abadala: Izintso zabantu abadala zingasasebenzi ngendlela ababeqhele ukusebenza ngayo. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umzimba wakho uqhubekeke neziyobisi ngokuthe chu. Ngenxa yoko, inani eliphezulu leziyobisi lihlala emzimbeni wakho ixesha elide. Oku kuphakamisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• Kubantwana: Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kweli chiza akuzange kusekwe ebantwaneni. Akufanele isetyenziswe kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18. Abantwana abathathe ngengozi eli chiza banomngcipheko omkhulu wokufa kukudlula ngaphezulu.

IMethadone inokusebenzisana namanye amayeza

IMethadone inokusebenzisana namanye amayeza. Unxibelelwano olwahlukileyo kunokubangela iziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ezinye zinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesiyobisi, ngelixa ezinye zinokubangela ukwanda kweempembelelo.

Apha ngezantsi luluhlu lwamayeza anokusebenzisana ne-methadone. Olu luhlu alunazo zonke iziyobisi ezinokuthi zinxibelelane ne-X ichiza.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-methadone, qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha wakho kunye nosokhemesti ngayo yonke into emiselweyo, ekhawuntareni, kunye nezinye iziyobisi ozithathayo. Baxelele malunga nazo naziphi na iivithamini, amayeza esintu kunye nezixhasi ozisebenzisayo. Ukwabelana ngolu lwazi kunokukunceda uphephe unxibelelwano olunokubakho.

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokunxibelelana kweziyobisi okunokuchaphazela, buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti.

Iziyobisi ongafanele uzisebenzise kunye ne-methadone

Musa ukuthatha la machiza alandelayo ngemethadone. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela iziphumo eziyingozi emzimbeni wakho.

• IPentazocine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, kunye ne-buprenorphine. La machiza anokunciphisa ukuphelisa iintlungu. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu zokurhoxa.

Ukudibana okwandisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

• Ukunyuka kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwamanye amayeza: Ukuthatha imethadone ngamayeza athile kunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kula machiza. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:
  • I-Benzodiazepines, efana ne-diazepam, i-lorazepam, i-clonazepam, i-temazepam kunye ne-alprazolam. Ukunyuka kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunokubandakanya ukozela okukhulu, ukucotha okanye ukuyeka ukuphefumla, isiqaqa, okanye ukufa. Ukuba ufuna ukuthatha elinye lala machiza nge-methadone, ugqirha wakho uya kukujonga ngokusondeleyo kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
  • Zidovudine. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubandakanya intloko ebuhlungu, ukudinwa, ukungabinamdla wokutya, isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha.
• Iziphumo ezivela kwimethadone: Ukuthatha imethadone ngamayeza athile kunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwimethadone. Kungenxa yokuba inani lemethadone emzimbeni wakho liyonyuka. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:
  • Cimetidine. Ukuthatha eli chiza kunye ne-methadone kunokubangela ukozela kunye nokucothisa ukuphefumla. Ugqirha wakho unokuhlengahlengisa idosi yakho ye-methadone, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zinobubi kangakanani iziphumo zakho ebezingalindelekanga.
  • I-Antibiotic, efana ne-clarithromycin kunye ne-erythromycin. Ukuthatha la machiza nge-methadone kunokubangela ukozela kunye nokuphefumla kancinci. Ugqirha wakho unokuhlengahlengisa idosi yakho ye-methadone, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zinobubi kangakanani iziphumo zakho ebezingalindelekanga.
  • Amachiza okubola, anje nge ketoconazole, posaconazole, kunye ne voriconazole. Ukuthatha la machiza nge-methadone kunokubangela ukozela kunye nokuphefumla kancinci. Ugqirha wakho unokuhlengahlengisa idosi yakho ye-methadone, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zinobubi kangakanani iziphumo zakho ebezingalindelekanga.
  • Iziyobisi ze-HIV, ezinje nge-ritonavir okanye i-indinavir. Ukuthatha la machiza nge-methadone kunokubangela ukozela kunye nokuphefumla kancinci. Ugqirha wakho unokuhlengahlengisa idosi yakho ye-methadone, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zinobubi kangakanani iziphumo zakho ebezingalindelekanga.
• Ukunyuka kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kuwo omabini la machiza: Ukuthatha imethadone ngamayeza athile kunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kungenxa yokuba imethadone kunye namanye amayeza anokubangela iziphumo ezifanayo. Ngenxa yoko, ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zinokunyuswa. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:
  • Iziyobisi ezonyisayo, ezinje nge diphenhydramine kunye nehydroxyzine. Ukuthatha la machiza nge-methadone kunokubangela ukugcinwa kwe-urinary (ukungakwazi ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo i-bladder), ukuqunjelwa, kunye nokuhamba kancinci kwisisu sakho kunye namathumbu. Oku kunokukhokelela kuthintelo olukhulu lwamathumbu.
  • Iziyobisi Urinary incontinence, ezifana tolterodine kunye oxybutynin. Ukuthatha la machiza nge-methadone kunokubangela ukugcinwa kwe-urinary (ukungakwazi ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo i-bladder), ukuqunjelwa, kunye nokuhamba kancinci kwisisu sakho kunye namathumbu. Oku kunokukhokelela kuthintelo olukhulu lwamathumbu.
  • I-Benztropine kunye ne-amitriptyline. Ukuthatha la machiza nge-methadone kunokubangela ukugcinwa kwe-urinary (ukungakwazi ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo i-bladder), ukuqunjelwa, kunye nokuhamba kancinci kwisisu sakho kunye namathumbu. Oku kunokukhokelela kuthintelo olukhulu lwamathumbu.
  • I-Antipsychotic, ezinje nge-clozapine kunye ne-olanzapine. Ukuthatha la machiza nge-methadone kunokubangela ukugcinwa kwe-urinary (ukungakwazi ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo i-bladder), ukuqunjelwa, kunye nokuhamba kancinci kwisisu sakho kunye namathumbu. Oku kunokukhokelela kuthintelo olukhulu lwamathumbu.
  • Iziyobisi zentliziyo, ezinje ngequinidine, amiodarone, kunye nedofetilide. Ukuthatha la machiza nge-methadone kunokubangela iingxaki zentliziyo.
  • Amitriptyline. Ukuthatha eli chiza kunye ne-methadone kunokubangela iingxaki kwisingqi sentliziyo.
  • I-diuretics, efana ne-furosemide kunye ne-hydrochlorothiazide. Ukuthatha la machiza kunye kunokutshintsha amanqanaba akho e-electrolyte. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki zesingqisho senhliziyo.
  • Izidambisi. Ukuthatha la machiza kunye kunokutshintsha amanqanaba akho e-electrolyte. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki zesingqisho senhliziyo.

Ukudibana okunokwenza amayeza akho asebenze kancinci

Xa i-methadone isetyenziswa ngamachiza athile, isenokungasebenzi kakuhle ukunyanga imeko yakho. Kungenxa yokuba isixa semethadone emzimbeni wakho sinokuhla. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• Ii-anticonvulsants, ezinje nge phenobarbital, phenytoin, kunye ne carbamazepine. La machiza anokubangela ukuba imethadone iyeke ukusebenza. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu zokurhoxa. Ugqirha wakho unokutshintsha idosi yakho yemethadone ukuba uthatha naliphi na kula machiza.
• Iziyobisi ze-HIV ezinje nge-abacavir, darunavir, efavirenz, nelfinavir, nevirapine, ritonavir, kunye ne-telaprevir. Ugqirha wakho uya kukujonga ngokusondeleyo kwiimpawu zokurhoxa. Baya kulungelelanisa umyinge wakho njengoko kufuneka.
• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, afana ne-rifampin kunye ne-rifabutin. La machiza anokubangela ukuba imethadone iyeke ukusebenza. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu zokurhoxa. Ugqirha wakho unokutshintsha idosi yakho yemethadone njengoko kufuneka.

Ukuqwalaselwa okubalulekileyo kokuthatha imethadone

Gcina ezi ngqwalaselo engqondweni ukuba ugqirha wakho ukumisela imethadone.

Ngokubanzi

• Ungathatha imethadone kunye okanye ngaphandle kokutya. Ukuyithatha ngokutya kunokunceda ukunciphisa isisu esibuhlungu.
• Thatha eli chiza ngexesha (ama) elinconyelwe ngugqirha wakho.
• Musa ukutyumza, ukunyibilika, ukugquma, okanye ukujova iipilisi zomlomo zemethadone. Oku kunokubangela ukuba ugqithise ngaphezulu, okunokubulala.

Ukugcina

• Ithebhulethi yomlomo: Gcina kubushushu begumbi phakathi kwama-68 ° F kunye nama-77 ° F (20 ° C nama-25 ° C).
• Ithebhulethi esasazekayo yomlomo: Gcina kwi-77 ° F (25 ° C). Ungayigcina ngokufutshane phakathi kwe-59 ° F kunye ne-86 ° F (15 ° C kunye ne-30 ° C).
• Gcina zombini iipilisi kude nokukhanya.
• Musa ukuwagcina la macwecwe kwindawo efumileyo okanye efumileyo, njengeendawo zokuhlambela.

Ukuzalisa kwakhona

Umyalelo weli yeyeza awugcwaliseki. Wena okanye ikhemesti yakho kuya kufuneka unxibelelane nogqirha wakho amayeza amatsha xa ufuna eliyeza lizaliswe.

Ukuhamba

Xa uhamba namayeza akho:

• Soloko uphatha amayeza akho kunye nawe. Xa ubhabha, ungaze uyibeke kwingxowa ekhangelwe. Yigcine kwibhegi yakho yokuqhubela phambili.
• Musa ukuzikhathaza ngoomatshini beX-ray kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya. Abakwazi ukulimaza amayeza akho.
• Kusenokufuneka ubonise abasebenzi besikhululo seenqwelomoya ilebhile yekhemesti yakho. Soloko uphatha ikhonteyina eneleta emiselweyo yentsusa.
• Musa ukubeka eli yeza kwigumbi leglavu lemoto yakho okanye ulishiye emotweni. Qiniseka ukuthintela ukwenza oku xa imozulu ishushu kakhulu okanye ibanda kakhulu.

Ukuzilawula

Musa ukuginya icwecwe elasasazekayo phambi kokuba lichithakale kulwelo. Kuya kufuneka uyidibanise nee-ounces ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 (i-90 ukuya kwi-120 yeemililitha) zamanzi okanye ijusi yeziqhamo ze-citrus ngaphambi kokuyithatha. Kuthatha malunga nomzuzu ukudibanisa.

Ukubeka iliso kwezonyango

Wena nogqirha kufuneka ujonge imicimbi ethile yempilo. Oku kunokukunceda uqiniseke ukuba uhlala ukhuselekile ngelixa uthatha eli chiza. Le micimbi ibandakanya:

• umsebenzi wezintso
• ukusebenza kwesibindi
• inqanaba lokuphefumla (lokuphefumla)
• ifuthe legazi
• inqanaba lentliziyo
• inqanaba lentlungu (ukuba uthatha eli chiza ngenxa yeentlungu)

Ngaphambi kogunyaziso

Kukho izithintelo ekuhambiseni i-methadone yokukhutshwa kwetyhefu okanye iinkqubo zolondolozo. Ayizizo zonke iikhemesti ezinokuhambisa la mayeza ukuze akhuphe ubisi kunye nolondolozo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba ungalifumana phi eli chiza.

Ngaba zikhona ezinye iindlela?

Kukho ezinye iziyobisi ezikhoyo ukunyanga imeko yakho. Abanye banokukulungela ngcono kunabanye. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngezinye iindlela zamachiza ezinokusebenzela wena.

Iphepha elichazayo ukuba awusenanto oyifunayo: I-Healthline yenze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuba lonke ulwazi luchanekile, lubanzi kwaye luhlaziyiwe. Nangona kunjalo, eli nqaku akufuneki lisetyenziswe endaweni yolwazi kunye nobuchule bengcali yezempilo enelayisensi. Kuya kufuneka usoloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho okanye nolunye uqeqesho kwezonyango ngaphambi kokuba uthathe nawaphi na amayeza. Ulwazi lweziyobisi oluqulethwe apha luyakwazi ukutshintsha kwaye alujoliswanga ekusetyenzisweni konke okunokwenzeka, imikhombandlela, izilumkiso, izilumkiso, ukuhlangana kweziyobisi, ukungahambelani komzimba, okanye iziphumo ezibi. Ukungabikho kwezilumkiso okanye olunye ulwazi ngesiyobisi esinikiweyo akubonisi ukuba indibaniselwano yeziyobisi ikhuselekile, iyasebenza, okanye ifanelekile kuzo zonke izigulana okanye konke ukusetyenziswa okuthile.