Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngeMono

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zeMono
• Ixesha lokufukama kweMono
• Iimpawu zeMono
• Intsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr (EBV)
• Ngaba i-mono iyosulela?
• Iimpawu zobungozi
• Ukuxilongwa kweMono
• Uvavanyo lokuqala
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi
• Inani leeseli ezimhlophe
• Uvavanyo lwe monospot
• Uvavanyo lwe-EBV antibody
• Unyango lweMono
• Unyango lwasekhaya iMono
• Iingxaki zeMono
• Ipeni eyandisiweyo
• Ukudumba kwesibindi
• Iingxaki ezinqabileyo
• I-Mono flare-up
• Mono kubantu abadala
• IMono ebantwaneni
• I-Mono kwiintsana
• Ukubuyela umva kweMono
• Mono ephindayo
• Uthintelo lweMono
• Imbonakalo kunye nokuchacha kwi-mono

Yintoni i-mononucleosis esosulelayo (mono)?

I-Mono, okanye i-mononucleosis esulelayo, ibhekisa kwiqela leempawu ezibangelwa yintsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr (EBV). Oku kwenzeka kakhulu kulutsha, kodwa ungayifumana nangaliphi na ubudala. Le ntsholongwane isasazeka ngamathe, yiyo loo nto bambi besibiza ngokuba "sisifo sokuphuza."

Abantu abaninzi bahlakulela usulelo lwe-EBV njengabantwana emva kweminyaka yobudala be-1. Kubantwana abancinci kakhulu, iimpawu zihlala zingekho okanye zithambile kangangokuba azibonwa njenge-mono.

Nje ukuba usulelo lwe-EBV, akunakufane ufumane olunye. Nawuphi na umntwana ofumana i-EBV uya kukhuseleka kwi-mono ubomi babo bonke.

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantwana eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe aphuhlileyo abalufumani olu sulelo kwiminyaka yabo yokuqala. Ngokuka, i-mono yenzeka ngepesenti ye-25 yexesha xa umntu okwishumi elivisayo okanye umntu oselula osulelwe yi-EBV. Ngesi sizathu, i-mono ichaphazela ikakhulu abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo kunye neekholeji.

Iimpawu zeMono

Abantu abane-mono bahlala benomkhuhlane omkhulu, i-lymph edumbileyo entanyeni nasemakhwapheni, kunye nomqala obuhlungu. Uninzi lweziganeko zemon zithambile kwaye zisombulula ngokulula ngonyango oluncinci. Usulelo alukho nzulu kwaye luhamba lodwa kwiinyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2.

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukudinwa
• ubuthathaka bemisipha
• Irhashalala elinamabala amnyama epinki okanye amfusa kulusu lwakho okanye emlonyeni
• iitoni ezidumbileyo
• ukubila ebusuku

Ngamaxesha athile, udakada okanye isibindi sakho sinokudumba, kodwa i-mononucleosis ayifane ibulale.

I-Mono kunzima ukwahlula kwezinye iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngomkhuhlane. Ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphuculanga emva kwe-1 okanye iiveki ezimbini zonyango ekhaya njengokuphumla, ukufumana ulwelo olwaneleyo, kunye nokutya ukutya okusempilweni, jonga ugqirha wakho.

Ixesha lokufukama kweMono

Ixesha lokufukama kwintsholongwane lixesha eliphakathi xa usulelwa yintsholongwane naxa uqala ukuba neempawu. Ihlala iiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6. Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-mono zihlala zihlala kwiinyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2.

Ixesha lokufukama linokuba lifutshane ebantwaneni abancinci.

Ezinye iimpawu, njengomqala obuhlungu kunye nomkhuhlane, zihlala zincipha emva kweveki enye okanye ezimbini. Ezinye iimpawu ezinje ngokudumba kwe-lymph node, ukudinwa, kunye ne-spleen eyandisiweyo kunokuhlala ixesha elide.

Iimpawu zeMono

I-Mononucleosis ihlala ibangelwa yi-EBV. Intsholongwane isasazeka ngokudibana ngqo namathe emlonyeni womntu osulelekileyo okanye kolunye ulwelo lomzimba, njengegazi. Ikwasasazeka ngonxibelelwano ngokwesondo kunye nokufakelwa kwamalungu.

Unokuvezwa yintsholongwane ngokukhohlela okanye ukuthimla, ngokumanga, okanye ngokwabelana ukutya okanye iziselo nomntu one-mono. Ihlala ithatha iiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-8 ngaphambi kokuba wosuleleke.

Kubantu abakwishumi elivisayo nakubantu abadala, usulelo ngamanye amaxesha alubangeli zimpawu zibonakalayo. Kubantwana, intsholongwane ibangela ukuba kungabikho zimpawu, kwaye usulelo luhlala lungaziwa.

Intsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr (EBV)

Intsholongwane kaEpstein-Barr (EBV) lilungu losapho lwentsholongwane ye-herpes. Ngokwe, yenye yeentsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ukosulela abantu kwihlabathi liphela.

Emva kokuba wosulelwe yi-EBV, ihlala ingasebenzi emzimbeni wakho ubomi bakho bonke. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo inokuphinda isebenze, kodwa kuhlala kungabikho zimpawu.

Ukongeza kunxibelelwano lwayo kunye ne-mono, iingcali zijonga unxibelelwano olunokwenzeka phakathi kwe-EBV kunye neemeko ezinje ngomhlaza kunye nezifo ezizimele. Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuba i-EBV ifunyaniswa njani kuvavanyo lwe-Epstein-Barr.

Ngaba i-mono iyosulela?

I-Mono iyasasazeka, nangona iingcali zingaqinisekanga ukuba eli xesha lihlala ixesha elingakanani.

Ngenxa yokuba i-EBV ikhupha emqaleni wakho, ungosulela umntu odibana namathe akho, njengokumanga okanye ukwabelana ngezinto zokutya. Ngenxa yexesha elide lokufukama, usenokungazi nokuba uneemono.

I-Mono inokuqhubeka nokusasazeka kwiinyanga ezi-3 okanye nangaphezulu emva kokuba ufumene iimpawu. Fumanisa ngakumbi malunga nokuba i-mono isosulela ixesha elingakanani.

Iimpawu zobungozi

La maqela alandelayo anomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana i-mono:

• abantu abatsha abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nengama-30 ubudala
• abafundi
• abafundi bezonyango
• abongikazi
• abanonopheli
• abantu abathatha amayeza acine amajoni omzimba

Nabani na odibana rhoqo namanani amakhulu abantu usemngciphekweni owandayo wemono. Kungenxa yoko le nto abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo kunye neekholeji behlala bosulelwa.

Ukuxilongwa kweMono

Ngenxa yokuba ezinye iintsholongwane ezinzulu ezifana ne-hepatitis A zingabangela iimpawu ezifana ne-mono, ugqirha wakho uya kusebenza ukukhupha ezi zinto zinokwenzeka.

Uvavanyo lokuqala

Nje ukuba undwendwele ugqirha wakho, baya kuthi bakubuze ukuba uneempawu ezingakanani. Ukuba uphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-25, ugqirha wakho usenokubuza nokuba ukhe wanxibelelana nabaphi na abantu abane-mono.

Ubudala yenye yezona zinto ziphambili zokuchonga i-mono kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo: umkhuhlane, umqala obuhlungu kunye namadlala adumbileyo.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuthatha ubushushu bakho kwaye ajonge amadlala entanyeni yakho, amakhwapha kunye nokuqaqamba. Banokujonga kwakhona icandelo lasekhohlo lesisu sakho ukufumanisa ukuba udakada lwakho lwandisiwe na.

Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi

Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho uya kucela inani elipheleleyo legazi. Olu vavanyo lwegazi luyakunceda ekuboneni ukuba sibuhlungu kangakanani isigulo sakho ngokujonga amanqanaba akho eeseli ezahlukeneyo zegazi. Umzekelo, inani eliphezulu le-lymphocyte lihlala libonisa usulelo.

Inani leeseli ezimhlophe

Usulelo lwe-mono lubangela ukuba umzimba wakho uvelise iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi njengoko izama ukuzikhusela. Inani eliphezulu leeseli ezimhlophe alinakuqinisekisa usulelo nge-EBV, kodwa isiphumo sibonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Uvavanyo lwe monospot

Iimvavanyo zeLeb ziyinxalenye yesibini yokuxilongwa ngugqirha. Enye yeendlela ezinokuthenjwa zokufumanisa i-mononucleosis luvavanyo lwe-monospot (okanye uvavanyo lwe-heterophile). Olu vavanyo lwegazi lukhangela izilwa-buhlungu - ezi ziiprotheyini eziveliswa kukukhusela kwizifo.

Nangona kunjalo, ayijongi kwii-antibodies ze-EBV. Endaweni yoko, uvavanyo lwe-monospot luchaza amanqanaba akho elinye iqela lamagciwane omzimba wakho onokuthi uvelise xa wosulelwe yi-EBV. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba ngama-heterophile antibodies.

Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zezona zihambelana kakhulu xa kusenziwa phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-4 iiveki emva kokuvela kweempawu ze-mono. Okwangoku, uya kuba nexabiso elaneleyo le-heterophile antibodies ukwenza impendulo ethembekileyo ethembekileyo.

Olu vavanyo alusoloko luchanekile, kodwa kulula ukwenza, kwaye iziphumo zihlala zifumaneka ngaphakathi kweyure okanye ngaphantsi.

Uvavanyo lwe-EBV antibody

Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwe-monospot lubuya lungelulo, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-EBV antibody. Olu vavanyo lwegazi lujonga ii-antibodies ezikhethekileyo ze-EBV. Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa i-mono kwangoko kwiveki yokuqala uneempawu, kodwa kuthatha ixesha elide ukufumana iziphumo.

Unyango lweMono

Akukho nonyango oluthile lwe-mononucleosis echaphazelekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokumisela amayeza e-corticosteroid ukunciphisa ukudumba komqala kunye neetoni. Iimpawu zihlala zisombulula ngokwazo kwinyanga enye ukuya kwezi-2.

Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mbi okanye ukuba uneentlungu esiswini. Funda ngakumbi malunga nokunyanga i-mono.

Unyango lwasekhaya iMono

Unyango ekhaya lujolise ekunciphiseni iimpawu zakho. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa amayeza e-over-the-counter (OTC) ukunciphisa umkhuhlane kunye neendlela zokuphelisa umqala obuhlungu, njengokugalela amanzi anetyuwa.

Olunye unyango lwasekhaya olunokunciphisa iimpawu lubandakanya:

• ukufumana ukuphumla okuninzi
• ukuhlala u-hydrated, ngokufanelekileyo ngokusela amanzi
• ukutya isuphu yenkukhu eshushu
• ukomeleza amajoni akho omzimba ngokutya ukutya okungahambisi ukudumba kwaye kutyebile kwii-antioxidants, ezinje ngemifuno eluhlaza eluhlaza, iiapile, irayisi emdaka kunye nesalmon
• usebenzisa amayeza eentlungu ze-OTC njenge-acetaminophen (iTylenol)

Ungaze unike iasprini ebantwaneni okanye kulutsha kuba oko kungakhokelela kwiReye's syndrome, isifo esinqabileyo esinokubangela ukonakala kwengqondo kunye nesibindi. Fumanisa ngakumbi ngamayeza asekhaya emono.

Iingxaki zeMono

I-Mono ayiqhelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abane-mono bafumana usulelo lwesibini njenge-strep throat, usulelo lwe-sinus, okanye i-tonsillitis. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, abanye abantu banokuphuhlisa ezi ngxaki zilandelayo:

Ipeni eyandisiweyo

Kuya kufuneka ulinde ubuncinci kwinyanga enye ngaphambi kokuba wenze nayiphi na into eyomeleleyo, uphakamisa izinto ezinzima, okanye udlale imidlalo yoqhakamshelwano ukunqanda ukophula udakada, olunokudumba kusulelo.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba ungabuyela nini kwimisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo.

I-spleen spleen kubantu abane-mono inqabile, kodwa yinto esongela ubomi. Biza ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba une-mono kwaye unamava abukhali, ngequbuliso kwinxalenye ephezulu yasekhohlo yesisu sakho.

Ukudumba kwesibindi

I-Hepatitis (ukudumba kwesibindi) okanye i-jaundice (ukutyheli kolusu namehlo) ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka kubantu abane-mono.

Iingxaki ezinqabileyo

Ngokwe-Mayo Clinic, i-mono nayo inokubangela ezinye zeengxaki ezinqabileyo kakhulu:

• i-anemia, eyehlayo kubalo lweeseli ezibomvu zegazi
• i-thrombocytopenia, eyehla kwiiplatelets, inxalenye yegazi lakho eqala inkqubo yokujiya
• ukudumba kwentliziyo
• iingxaki ezibandakanya inkqubo ye-nervous, njenge-meningitis okanye i-Guillain-Barré syndrome
• ukudumba iitoni ezinokuthintela ukuphefumla

I-Mono flare-up

Iimpawu zeMono njengokukhathala, umkhuhlane, kunye nomqala obuhlungu zihlala zihlala iiveki ezimbalwa. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, iimpawu zinokuvela kwiinyanga okanye kwiminyaka kamva.

I-EBV, edla ngokuba ngoyena nobangela wosulelo lwe-mono, ihlala emzimbeni wakho ubomi bakho bonke. Ihlala ikwindawo yokulala, kodwa intsholongwane inokuphinda iphinde isebenze.

Mono kubantu abadala

I-Mono ichaphazela kakhulu abantu abakwishumi elivisayo kunye nama-20.

Kwenzeka kancinci kubantu abadala abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30. Abantu abadala abane-mono bahlala benomkhuhlane kodwa abanako ukuba nezinye iimpawu ezinjengomqala obuhlungu, i-lymph nodes, okanye i-spleen eyandisiweyo.

IMono ebantwaneni

Abantwana banokosulelwa yi-mono ngokwabelana ngezinto zokutya okanye ngokusela iiglasi, okanye ngokusondela kumntu osulelekileyo okhohlela okanye othimla.

Ngenxa yokuba abantwana banokuba neempawu nje ezincinci, ezinje ngomqala obuhlungu, usulelo lwe-mono lungafunyaniswa.

Abantwana abafunyaniswa benesifo semono bangaqhubeka ukuya esikolweni okanye kukhathalelo lwemini. Basenokufuna ukunqanda izinto ezithile zomzimba ngelixa bechacha. Abantwana abaneemono kufuneka bahlambe izandla rhoqo, ngakumbi emva kokuthimla okanye ukukhohlela. Funda ngakumbi malunga neempawu ze-mono ebantwaneni.

I-Mono kwiintsana

Uninzi lwabantu lusulelwe yi-EBV kwasebutsheni. Njengabantwana abadala, abantwana abancinci banokusuleleka yi-mono ngokwabelana ngezinto zokutya okanye ngeglasi zokusela. Banokosulelwa ngokubeka iithoyi emilonyeni yabo ebikade isemlonyeni wabanye abantwana abanemono.

Iintsana ezineemono kunqabile ukuba zibe nazimpawu. Ukuba banomkhuhlane kunye nomqala obuhlungu, kunokuphosakela ngumkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci abe ne-mono, baya kuphakamisa ukuba uqinisekise ukuba umntwana wakho uphumla kwaye unamanzi amaninzi.

Ukubuyela umva kweMono

I-Mono ihlala ibangelwa yi-EBV, ehlala ilele emzimbeni wakho emva kokuba uphinde wachacha.

Kuyenzeka, kodwa kungaqhelekanga, ukuba i-EBV iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibuye kwiimpawu zemono zibuyele emva kweenyanga okanye iminyaka. Ukuqonda ngcono umngcipheko wokuphinda ubuye kwimono.

Mono ephindayo

Uninzi lwabantu lune-mono kube kanye kuphela. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, iimpawu zinokuphinda zibuye ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kwe-EBV.

Ukuba i-mono ibuya, intsholongwane ikumathe akho, kodwa ngekhe ubenazo naziphi na iimpawu ngaphandle kokuba unamajoni omzimba abuthathaka.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-mono ingakhokelela kwinto ebizwa ngayo. Le yimeko encomekayo apho iimpawu ze-mono ziqhubeka ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6.

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zemono kwaye ubunayo ngaphambili, bona ugqirha wakho.

Uthintelo lweMono

IMono phantse ayinakwenzeka ukuthintela. Kungenxa yokuba abantu abasempilweni abosulelwe yi-EBV kwixa elidlulileyo banokuthi bathwale kwaye basasaze usulelo ngamanye amaxesha ubomi babo bonke.

Phantse bonke abantu abadala bosulelwe yi-EBV kwaye bakhe ii-antibodies zokulwa usulelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu bafumana i-mono kanye kuphela ebomini babo.

Imbonakalo kunye nokuchacha kwi-mono

Iimpawu zemono kunqabile ukuba zihlale ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-4. Uninzi lwabantu abane-mono bachacha kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4.

I-EBV iseka usulelo lobomi bonke, olungasebenziyo kwiiseli zomzimba wakho zomzimba. Kwezinye iimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, abantu abathwala intsholongwane baphuhlisa i-Burkitt's lymphoma okanye i-nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ezo zombini zomhlaza ezinqabileyo.

I-EBV ibonakala ngathi idlala indima kuphuhliso lwale mihlaza. Nangona kunjalo, i-EBV mhlawumbi ayisosizathu sodwa.