Isifo sephepha seMycobacterium

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Ibangelwa yintoni?
• Mycobacterium isifo sephepha vs. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
• Ukuhanjiswa kunye neempawu
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni?
• Kufunyaniswa njani?
• Into onokuyenza ukunciphisa ukubonwa
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

Isifo sephepha seMicobacterium (M. isifo sephepha) yibacteria ebangela isifo sephepha (TB) ebantwini. I-TB sisifo esichaphazela ikakhulu imiphunga, nangona isenokuhlasela amanye amalungu omzimba. Isasazeka kakhulu njengomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane - ngamathontsi omoya aphuma emntwini one-TB esosulelayo.

Xa iphefumlelwe, intsholongwane inokuhlala emiphungeni, apho iqala khona ukukhula. Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokusasazeka kwiindawo ezinjengezintso, umqolo kunye nengqondo. Ingasongela ubomi.

Ngokwengxelo, ngaphezulu kwama-9,000 amatyala amatsha e-TB axelwe e-United States ngo-2017.

Ibangelwa yintoni?

Izigidi zabantu zihlala kwizibuko M. isifo sephepha. Ngokwengxelo, isinye kwisine sabemi behlabathi siphethe ibhaktiriya, kodwa ayingabo bonke abagulayo.

Ngapha koko, kuphela ngabo baphethe ibhaktiriya abaya kuthi ngokwenene baphuhlise imeko yesifo sephepha esisebenzayo nesosulelayo ebomini babo. Oko kwenzeka ngesiqhelo xa imiphunga sele yonakele kwizifo ezinje ngesifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD) kunye necystic fibrosis okanye ukutshaya.

Abantu nabo baba ne-TB ngokulula xa amajoni abo omzimba ebuthathaka. Abo bafumana i-chemotherapy yomhlaza, umzekelo, okanye abo bane-HIV, banokuba namajoni omzimba abuthathaka. I-CDC inika ingxelo yokuba i-TB kukusweleka kwabantu abane-HIV.

Mycobacterium isifo sephepha vs. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

Ngelixa zombini M. isifo sephepha kwaye Mycobacterium avium Ubunzima bunokubangela isifo semiphunga, ngokufuthi sineempawu ezifanayo, azifani.

M. isifo sephepha kubangela isifo sephepha. I-MAC ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela izifo zemiphunga, ezinjengosulelo olungapheliyo lwemiphunga, kodwa ayibangeli i-TB. Inxalenye yeqela leebhaktheriya ezaziwa ngokuba yi-NTM (i-mycobacteria engenabungozi).

M. isifo sephepha isasazeka emoyeni. I-MAC yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo efumaneka ikakhulu emanzini nasemhlabeni. Ungayifumana ikhontrakthi xa usela okanye uhlamba ngamanzi angcolisekileyo okanye xa uphatha umhlaba okanye utya ukutya okune-particle-MAC kuyo.

Ukuhanjiswa kunye neempawu

Ungafumana M. isifo sephepha xa uphefumlela amathontsi agxothiweyo emntwini onesifo sephepha esisebenzayo. Iimpawu zesi sifo zibandakanya:

• isikhohlela esibi, esihlala ixesha elide
• ukhohlela igazi
• iintlungu esifubeni
• ifiva
• ukudinwa
• ukubila ebusuku
• ukuhla ukusinda

Umntu unokuba nayo intsholongwane kodwa angabi nazimpawu. Kule meko, azosuleli. Olu hlobo losulelo lubizwa ngokuba yi-TB efihlakeleyo.

Ngokophando olwenziwe ngo-2016, iipesenti ezingama-98 zamatyala adluliselwa kukukhohlela komntu onesifo esisebenzayo. La mathontsi nawo angabakhona emoyeni xa umntu ethimla okanye ethetha.

I-TB, nangona kunjalo, akukho lula ukuyifumana. Ngokwe-CDC, awungekhe uyifumane xa uxhawulana, usela kwiglasi enye, okanye udlula kumntu one-TB ekhohlela.

Endaweni yoko, intsholongwane isasazeka ngokudibana ixesha elide. Umzekelo, ukwabelana ngendlu okanye uhambo olude ngemoto nomntu onesifo esisebenzayo kunokukhokelela ekubeni uyibambe.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni?

Ngelixa isifo sephepha sisehlayo eUnited States, kukude ukuba singacinywa. Ukuba namajoni omzimba abuthathaka okanye imiphunga yinto enobungozi ekuphuhliseni i-TB.

Ikwayingxaki yokuba sesichengeni seTB kutshanje. I-CDC inika ingxelo yokuba malunga neziganeko ze-TB e-United States kungenxa yosulelo olusandula ukwenzeka.

Ngokuka, abo banokubhencwa kutsha nje kubandakanya:

• unxibelelwano olusondeleyo lomntu one-TB esosulelayo
• umntu osebenza okanye ohlala nabantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wosulelo lwe-TB (olubandakanya abantu abasebenza ezibhedlele, amakhaya angenamakhaya, okanye amaziko oluleko)
• umntu ofudukele kwindawo ethile enamazinga aphezulu osulelo lwe-TB
• umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 kuvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwe-TB

Kufunyaniswa njani?

Ukuba uneempawu zesifo sephepha okanye unemingcipheko, ugqirha wakho angayalela iimvavanyo ezijonge ukubhencwa M. isifo sephepha. Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lolusu lweMantoux tuberculin (TST). Iprotein ebizwa ngokuba yi-tuberculin itofwe phantsi kolusu lwengalo. Ukuba wosulelwe M. isifo sephephaImpendulo iyakwenzeka kwiiyure ezingama-72 zokuvavanywa.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi. Oku kulinganisa ukuphendula kwakho komzimba M. isifo sephepha.

Olu vavanyo lubonisa kuphela ukuba ubuchanabekile kwintsholongwane ye-TB, hayi nokuba unesifo se-TB esisebenzayo. Ukufumanisa ukuba ugqirha unokuyalela:

• I-X-ray yesifuba. Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba akhangele iintlobo zenguqulelo zemiphunga eziveliswa yi-TB.
• Inkcubeko yesikhohlela. Isikhohlela yimifinya kunye nemifuno yamathe ekhohlela kwimiphunga yakho.

Into onokuyenza ukunciphisa ukubonwa

Abantu-nditsho nabo basempilweni - bakhohlela kwaye bathimla. Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana M. isifo sephepha kunye nezinye iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya, landela ezi zikhokelo:

• Khathalela impilo yakho. Yitya ukutya okunesondlo, okunezondlo. Lala iiyure ezisixhenxe ukuya kwezisibhozo ngobusuku. Yenza umthambo rhoqo.
• Gcina ikhaya lakho neofisi yakho kungenisa umoya. Oko kunokunceda ukusasaza nawaphina amathontsi asulelekileyo, agxothiweyo.
• Snee okanye khohlela ube sisihlunu. Yalela abanye ukuba benze njalo.

Cinga nokuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana isitofu sokugonya i-TB. Injongo yenzelwe ukukhusela ekufumaneni i-TB kunye nokuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-TB kwabo sele beveziwe.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kweyeza lokugonya i-TB kwahluka kakhulu, kwaye kumazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo apho isifo sephepha singaqhelekanga, akukho sizathu sokusifumana.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neenzuzo kunye neengxaki zokufumana. Ukuba uhamba usiya kwindawo ene-TB eninzi, okanye uhlala uchanabeke kuyo, kunokuba sengqiqweni.

Ukuthatha

Ngokwe-CDC, i-TB yabulala abantu e-United States nase-Yurophu ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1900. Ngethamsanqa, oko kutshintshiwe. Kule mihla, usulelo M. isifo sephepha inqabile kubantu abasempilweni eUnited States.

Ngaba ibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwabo baye bawafaka esichengeni amajoni omzimba kunye nemiphunga ebuthathaka sisifo okanye ukonakaliswa kwendalo. Abasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo basemngciphekweni omkhulu.

Ibhaktheriya idluliselwa ngumntu kumntu ngokufuthwa ngamaconsi asulelekileyo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ufumane usulelo xa ibacteria idlula kwikhefu kulusu okanye inwebu yencindi.

Esi sifo M. isifo sephepha ukuvelisa kunokuba yingozi. Kodwa namhlanje, amayeza alungileyo- kubandakanya i-antibiotics i-isoniazid kunye ne-rifampin-zibonelela ngonyango olusebenzayo.