Yintoni iDoping kwezemidlalo, izinto eziphambili kunye nendlela yokwenza iziyobisi

Umxholo

• Uninzi lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo
• Uvavanyo lwedoping lwenziwa njani
• Kutheni i-doping inceda iimbaleki

Ukwenza amayeza emidlalo ngokungqinelana nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingavunyelwanga ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwemisipha okanye ukuphucula ukusebenza kwembaleki kunye nonyamezelo lomzimba, ngendlela eyenziweyo neyethutyana, ukufikelela kwiziphumo ezingcono kwimidlalo ayenzayo.

Ngenxa yento yokuba izinto ziyonyusa ukusebenza komdlali okwethutyana, kuthathwa njengokunganyaniseki, ukuze iimbaleki ezinethemba lokusebenzisa iziyobisi zisuswe kukhuphiswano.

Ukuphinda usebenzise idopu kuhlala kufunyanwa rhoqo ngexesha lokhuphiswano lwezemidlalo, njenge-Olimpiki kunye neNdebe yeHlabathi. Ngesi sizathu, kuqhelekile ukuba iimbaleki ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziye kuvavanyo lwe-doping ukukhangela ubukho bezinto ezingavumelekanga emzimbeni.

Uninzi lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo

Ezona zinto zisetyenzisiweyo zithathwa njengeziyobisi zizo ezonyusa amandla emisipha kunye nokunyamezela, ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye nemvakalelo yokudinwa. Ezinye zezinto eziphambili ezisetyenzisiweyo zezi:

• I-Erythropoietin (EPO): Unceda ukwandisa iiseli ezithwala ioksijini egazini, ukuphucula ukusebenza;
• Furosemide: I-diuretic enamandla enceda ukunciphisa ubunzima ngokukhawuleza, kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ziimbaleki ezilwa nodidi lobunzima. Kuyanceda ukungxenga nokufihla ezinye izinto ezingavumelekanga kumchamo;
• Iziphuzo zamandla: ukwandisa ingqalelo kunye nokuziphatha, ukunciphisa ukuziva ukhathele;
• Iimpawu: iihormone ezisetyenziselwa ukonyusa amandla kunye nobunzima bemisipha.

Ukongeza, iimbaleki kunye neqela labo bafumana uluhlu lweengcebiso kunye namayeza angenakusetyenziswa ngexesha loqeqesho kuba anezinto ezithathwa njengezingekho mthethweni kwezemidlalo. Ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqaphele ngelixa kunyango lwezifo eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye neengxaki zolusu, kuba ngaphandle kwenjongo yokusebenzisa iziyobisi, iimbaleki zinokupheliswa kukhuphiswano.

Uvavanyo lwedoping lwenziwa njani

Uvavanyo lokulwa nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi luhlala lusenziwa kukhuphiswano ukujonga ukuba akukho bukho buqhetseba kwaye oko kungaphazamisa iziphumo zokugqibela, ezinokuthi zenziwe ngaphambi, ngexesha okanye emva kokhuphiswano. Ngokwesiqhelo, abaphumeleleyo kufuneka bathathe uvavanyo lweedoping ukungqina ukuba abakhange basebenzise izinto okanye iindlela abazithathileyo. Ukongeza, iimviwo zinokuthathwa ngaphandle kwexesha lokhuphiswano kwaye ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambili, iimbaleki zikhethwe ngeqashiso.

Uviwo lunokwenziwa ngokuqokelela kunye nokuhlalutya isampulu yegazi okanye umchamo, ezivavanyiweyo ngenjongo yokuchonga ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwezinto ezingavumelekanga. Nokuba ithini na into, ukuba into engavumelekanga ejikeleza emzimbeni okanye kwiimveliso zetabolism ichongiwe, ithathwa njenge-doping kwaye iimbaleki zohlwaywa.

Ikwajongwa njengokusebenzisa iziyobisi, ngokwe-Brazilian Doping Control Authority (ABCD), ukubaleka okanye ukwala ukwenza isampulu yokuqokelela, ukubamba into engavumelekanga okanye indlela kunye nobuqhetseba okanye ukuzama ubuqhetseba nakweliphi na inqanaba lenkqubo yokwenza iziyobisi.

Kutheni i-doping inceda iimbaleki

Sebenzisa iikhemikhali ezingezizo ezendalo emzimbeni kunceda ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kweembaleki, kuzisa izinto ezinje ngezi:

• Ukwandisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula amandla omzimba;
• Nciphisa iintlungu zokuzilolonga kwaye unciphise nokudinwa kwezihlunu;
• Yandisa ubunzima bemisipha kunye namandla;
• Hlaziya umzimba kwaye uphucule uxinzelelo;
• Nceda ukuncipha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ke, ukuthatha ezi zinto kwenza ukuba imbaleki ibe neziphumo ezikhawulezayo nezingcono kunokuba ingafunyanwa kuphela ngoqeqesho kunye nokutya, yiyo loo nto ingavumelekanga kwezemidlalo.

Nangona kunjalo, nangokunqunyanyiswa, iimbaleki ezininzi zihlala zisebenzisa ezi zinto iinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 phambi kokhuphiswano olusemthethweni, ngexesha loqeqesho lwabo ukwandisa impumelelo yabo, emva koko bayekise ukusetyenziswa kwazo ukunika ixesha lomzimba lokuphelisa izinto kunye noviwo. Ngu-negative. Nangona kunjalo, lo mkhuba unokuba yingozi, kuba uvavanyo lokuchasana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi lunokwenziwa ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambili.