Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa ukrokrela i-HIV

Umxholo

• 1. Yiya kugqirha
• 2. Qala iPEP
• 3. Vavanyelwa i-HIV
• Yenza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lwe-HIV
• Yeyiphi indlela yokuziphatha eyingozi

Kwimeko yokosuleleka kosuleleko lwe-HIV ngenxa yokuziphatha okuthile okuyingozi, njengokulala ngaphandle kwekhondom okanye ukwabelana ngenaliti kunye neesirinji, kubalulekile ukuba uye kwagqirha ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, ukuze indlela yokuziphatha eyingozi ihlolwe kwaye ukusetyenziswa kunokuba aqalise amayeza anceda ukuthintela intsholongwane ekuziphindaphindeni emzimbeni.

Ukongeza, ngokubonisana nogqirha kunokucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi olukunceda ukujonga ukuba ngaba umntu wosulelekile na. Njengokuba intsholongwane kaGawulayo inokufunyanwa egazini kuphela emva kweentsuku ezingama-30 zokuziphatha okuyingozi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ugqirha ucebisa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwe-HIV ngexesha lothethwano, kunye nokuphinda uvavanyo emva kwenyanga enye yokubonisana ukuya khangela ukuba kukho usulelo okanye hayi.

Yiyo ke loo nto kwimeko yosulelo lwe-HIV, okanye nanini na xa imeko inobungozi, kubalulekile ukulandela la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Yiya kugqirha

Xa unokuziphatha okuyingozi, njengokungasebenzisi ikhondom ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo okanye ukwabelana ngenaliti kunye neesirinji, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uye kwangoko kwiziko lovavanyo kunye neengcebiso (CTA), ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo lokuqala kunye noku kulandelayo Amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuthintela ukuphindaphindeka kwentsholongwane kunye nokukhula kwesi sifo.

2. Qala iPEP

I-PEP, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiPost-Exposure Prophylaxis, iyahambelana neseti yamachiza ee-antiretroviral anokucetyiswa ngexesha lokubonisana kwi-CTA kwaye ejolise ekwehliseni izinga lokuphindaphindeka kwentsholongwane, ukuthintela ukukhula kwesi sifo. Kuyaboniswa ukuba i-PEP iqalwe kwiiyure ezingama-72 zokuqala emva kokuziphatha okuyingozi kwaye igcinwe i-28 ngokulandelelana.

Ngexesha lothetha-thethwano, ugqirha usenokwenza uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lwe-HIV, kodwa ukuba ubukhe wadibana nale ntsholongwane okokuqala, kunokwenzeka ukuba iziphumo zibubuxoki, njengoko kungathatha ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-30 Intsholongwane kaGawulayo inokuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo egazini. Yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba emva kwezi ntsuku zingama-30, kwaye nasemva kokuba ixesha le-PEP liphelile, ugqirha uya kucela uvavanyo olutsha, ukuqinisekisa, okanye hayi, isiphumo sokuqala.

Ukuba kudlule ngaphezulu kwenyanga emva kokuziphatha okuyingozi, ugqirha, njengomthetho, akakukhuthazi ukuthatha iPEP kwaye unoku-odola kuphela uvavanyo lwe-HIV, olunokuthi, ukuba lukhona, luvalwe uxilongo lwe-HIV. Emva kwalomzuzu, ukuba umntu wosulelekile, bayakugqithiselwa kugqirha osulelekileyo, oya kuthi alungelelanise unyango nee-antiretrovirals, ezingamayeza anceda ukukhusela intsholongwane ekuziphindaphindeni kakhulu. Ukuqonda ngcono ukuba lwenziwa njani unyango losulelo lwe-HIV.

3. Vavanyelwa i-HIV

Uvavanyo lwe-HIV luyacetyiswa malunga neentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-40 emva kokuziphatha okuyingozi, kuba eli lixesha elifunekayo ukuze intsholongwane ichongwe egazini. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba iziphumo zolu vavanyo zithini, kubalulekile ukuba ziphindaphindwe emva kweentsuku ezingama-30, nokuba iziphumo zovavanyo lokuqala azinalutho, ukukhupha urhano.

Eofisini, olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngokuqokelelwa kwegazi kwaye kuhlala kwenziwa ngendlela ye-ELISA, echonga ubukho bentsholongwane kaGawulayo egazini. Isiphumo singathabatha ngaphezulu kosuku olu-1 ukuba siphume kwaye, ukuba sithi "reagent", oko kuthetha ukuba umntu wosulelekile, kodwa ukuba "akaphindi" kuthetha ukuba akukho sulelo, nangona kunjalo kufuneka uphinde vavanya kwakhona emva kweentsuku ezingama-30.

Xa uvavanyo lwenziwe kumaphulo karhulumente karhulumente esitratweni, uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-HIV luhlala lusetyenziswa, apho iziphumo zilungile kwimizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30. Kolu vavanyo, iziphumo zinikezelwa "njenge-positive" okanye "negative" kwaye, ukuba ngu-positive, kufuneka ihlale iqinisekiswa ngovavanyo lwegazi esibhedlele.

Jonga ukuba uvavanyo lwe-HIV lusebenza njani kwaye ungaziqonda njani iziphumo.

Yenza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lwe-HIV

Ukuqinisekisa urhano lwe-HIV, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo, olufana novavanyo lwe-Indirect Immunofluorescence Test okanye iWest Blot Test, ethi iqinisekise ubukho bentsholongwane emzimbeni kwaye ke iqale unyango ngokukhawuleza. .

Yeyiphi indlela yokuziphatha eyingozi

Oku kulandelayo kuthathwa njengokuziphatha okuyingozi ekuphuhliseni usulelo lwe-HIV:

• Ukuba neentlobano zesini ngaphandle kwekhondom, nokuba lilungu lobufazi, ezimpundu okanye zomlomo;
• Ukwabelana ngeesirinji;
• Nxibelelana ngqo namanxeba avulekileyo okanye igazi.

Ukongeza, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabosuleleke yi-HIV kufuneka balumke nangexesha lokukhulelwa naxa bebeleka ukuthintela ukudlulisela intsholongwane emntwaneni. Jonga ukuba idluliselwa njani intsholongwane kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela.

Bona kwakho, ulwazi olubaluleke ngakumbi malunga nosulelo lwe-HIV: