Izizathu eziphambili ze-anemia

Umxholo

• 1. Ukungabikho kweevithamini
• 2. Iziphene kumongo wethambo
• 3. Ukopha
• 4.Izifo zemfuzo
• 5. Izifo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo
• 6. Izifo ezinganyangekiyo
• 7. Ezinye izizathu
• Uqinisekisa njani ukuba yi-anemia

I-Anemia ibonakaliswa ngamanqanaba ancitshisiweyo e-hemoglobin egazini, eyiprotein engaphakathi kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye inoxanduva lokuthwala ioksijini kumalungu.

Zininzi izinto ezibangela i-anemia, ukusuka kukutya okuneevithamini eziphantsi ukuya ekuphumeni kwegazi, ukungasebenzi kakuhle komongo wethambo, izifo ezizimele okanye ubukho bezifo ezinganyangekiyo, umzekelo.

I-anemia inokuba nobulali okanye inzulu, xa inqanaba le-hemoglobin lingaphantsi kwe-7%, kwaye oku kuxhomekeke kungekuphela kwesizathu, kodwa nakwisi sifo kunye nokuphendula komzimba womntu ngamnye.

Ezinye zezona zinto zibangela i-anemia zibandakanya:

1. Ukungabikho kweevithamini

Ukuvelisa ngokufanelekileyo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, umzimba ufuna izakha mzimba ezibalulekileyo. Ukungabikho kwazo, kubangela oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-anemias yokunqongophala, okuyiyo;

• I-anemia ngenxa yokunqongophala kwesinyithi emzimbeni, ibizwa ngokuba yi-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron, enokuvela kukutya okune-iron encinci, ngakumbi ebuntwaneni, okanye ngenxa yokopha emzimbeni, okunokungabonakali, njengesilonda esisesiswini okanye imithambo ye-varicose emathunjini, umzekelo;
• I-anemia ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-vitamin B12 kunye ne-folic acid, ebizwa ngokuba yi-megaloblastic anemia, yenzeka ngenxa ye-malabsorption ye-vitamin B12 ikakhulu esiswini kunye nokusetyenziswa kancinci kwe-folic acid ekutyeni. I-Vitamin B12 ityiwa kwinyama okanye kwiimveliso zezilwanyana, ezinje ngamaqanda, itshizi kunye nobisi. I-folic acid ifumaneka enyameni, imifuno eluhlaza, iimbotyi okanye iinkozo, umzekelo.

Ukungabikho kwezi zakhamzimba kufunyaniswa kuvavanyo lwegazi oluyalelwe ngugqirha. Ngokubanzi, olu hlobo lwe-anemia ngokuthe ngcembe luya lusiba mandundu, kwaye njengoko umzimba unokuziqhelanisa nelahleko kangangexesha elithile, iimpawu zinokuthatha ixesha ukubonakala.

Bukela le vidiyo ingezantsi kwaye ujonge izikhokelo zesondlo uTatiana Zanin malunga nento oza kuyitya xa unesi sifo:

2. Iziphene kumongo wethambo

Umongo wethambo kulapho kuveliswa khona iiseli zegazi, ke ukuba ichaphazeleka kuso nasiphi na isifo, inokubeka emngciphekweni ukwakheka kweeseli ezibomvu ze ibangele i-anemia.

Olu hlobo lwe-anemia, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Aplastic anemia okanye i-Spinal anemia, inokuba nezizathu ezininzi, kubandakanya neziphene zemfuza, ukunxila ziiarhente zamachiza ezinje ngee-solvents, i-bismuth, i-pesticides, itela, ii-anticonvulsants, ukubonakaliswa kwimitha ye-ionizing, usulelo lwe-HIV, iparvovirus B19, Epstein -Barr virus okanye izifo ezinjenge-paroxysmal hemoglobinuria notura, umzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezinqabileyo, unobangela unokungaziwa.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni kunye nokuba uza kwenza ntoni xa i-aplastic anemia.

3. Ukopha

Amachaphaza egazi anzima njengoko ukulahleka kwegazi kubonisa ukulahleka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukwehla kwenani leoksijini kunye nezondlo ezithunyelwa kumalungu omzimba.

Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo bokopha kunokubangelwa kukonzakala emzimbeni, ukwenzakala ngenxa yeengozi, ukuya exesheni okunzima kakhulu okanye izifo ezifana nomhlaza, isifo sesibindi, imithambo yevaricose okanye izilonda, umzekelo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukopha kungaphakathi kwaye, ke, akubonakali, kufuna iimvavanyo ukuze zichongwe. Jonga ezona zinto ziphambili zokopha ngaphakathi.

4.Izifo zemfuzo

Izifo ezibangelwa lilifa, ezidluliselwa nge-DNA, zinokubangela utshintsho kwimhemoglobin, nokuba kungobungakanani okanye kumgangatho wayo. Olu tshintsho lubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Umntu ophethe ezi mpazamo zemfuza akasoloko ebonisa ukukhathazeka kwe-anemia, nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko kunokuba nzima kwaye kuyonakalise impilo. Iimpawu eziphambili zemvelaphi yemfuza zezi zichaphazela ukwakheka kwehemoglobin, ekwabizwa ngokuba yihemoglobinopathies:

• Isifo seanemia: sisifo semfuza nelifa apho umzimba uvelisa iihemoglobin ezinesakhiwo esitshintshileyo, ke ngoko, zivela kwiiseli ezibomvu ezinesiphene, ezinokuthatha irhengqa, zithintele amandla alo okuhambisa ioksijini egazini. Jonga iimpawu kunye nonyango lwearomy cell anemia.
• Thalassemia: sisisifo semfuza esidala utshintsho kwiiproteni ezenza ihemoglobin, ezenza iiseli ezibomvu eziguqulweyo kwigazi. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-thalassemia, ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo, funda ngakumbi ngendlela yokuchonga i-thalassemia.

Nangona ezi zaziwa kakhulu, kukho amakhulu ezinye iziphene kwi-hemoglobin enokubangela i-anemia, enjenge-methaemoglobinemia, ii-hemoglobins ezingazinzanga okanye ukuphikelela kwilifa kwe-hemoglobin engekazalwa, umzekelo, ezichongwa luvavanyo lwemfuza oluboniswe ngugqirha wegazi.

5. Izifo ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo

I-autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHAI) sisifo se-immunological, esivela xa umzimba uvelisa izilwa-buhlungu ezihlasela iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ngokwazo.

Nangona ezona zizathu zangoku azikaziwa, kuyaziwa ukuba banokuchaphazeleka ngenxa yezinye iimeko zempilo, ezinje ngezifo zentsholongwane, ubukho bezinye izifo zomzimba okanye amathumba, umzekelo. Olu hlobo lwe-anemia aluhlali ludla ngokuba lilifa kwaye aluhambisi lusuka komnye umntu luye komnye.

Unyango lubandakanya ikakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ukulawula amajoni omzimba, njenge-corticosteroids kunye ne-immunosuppressants. Funda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokuchonga kunye nokunyanga i-hemolytic anemia.

6. Izifo ezinganyangekiyo

Izifo ezinganyangekiyo, ezinokuthi zihlale iinyanga ezininzi okanye iminyaka ekusebenzeni, njengesifo sephepha, isifo samathambo, isifo samathambo, isifo samathambo, isifo sikaCrohn okanye isifo se-myeloma, umzekelo, esinokubangela ukudumba emzimbeni okunokubangela i-anemia , ngenxa yokusweleka ngaphambi kwexesha kunye notshintsho kwimveliso yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ukongeza, izifo ezibangela utshintsho kwiihormone ezikhuthaza ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zinokuba sisizathu se-anemia, kubandakanya i-hypothyroidism, ukunciphisa i-androgens okanye ukunciphisa amanqanaba ehomoni erythropoietin, enokuncitshiswa kwizifo zezintso.

Olu hlobo lotshintsho aluhlali lubangela ukuba ne-anemia, kwaye lunokusonjululwa ngokunyanga isifo esibangele i-anemia.

7. Ezinye izizathu

I-Anemia inokuvela ngenxa yosulelo, njengokosuleleka kwintsholongwane okanye kwintsholongwane, kwaye inokuvela ngenxa yokusebenzisa amayeza athile, anje ngamachiza alwa nokudumba, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye ii-anticoagulants, okanye isenzo sezinto ezinje ngotywala obuninzi. okanye i-benzene, umzekelo. umzekelo.

Ukukhulelwa kunokubangela i-anemia, ngokusisiseko ngenxa yokufumana ubunzima kunye nokunyuka kolwelo ekujikelezeni, okunciphisa igazi.

Uqinisekisa njani ukuba yi-anemia

I-anemia ihlala ikrokrelwa xa iimpawu ezinje:

• Ukudinwa kakhulu;
• Ukulala kakhulu;
• Ulusu oluthuthu;
• Ukungabi namandla;
• Ukuziva uphefumla kancinci;
• Izandla kunye neenyawo ezibandayo.

Ukwazi umngcipheko wokuba ne-anemia, jonga nje iimpawu ozibonakalisayo kolu vavanyo lulandelayo:

1. 1. Ukungabikho kwamandla kunye nokudinwa okugqithisileyo
2. 2. Ulusu oluthuthu
3. 3. Ukunqongophala kokuthanda kunye nemveliso ephantsi
4. 4. Intloko ebuhlungu rhoqo
5. 5. Ukucaphuka lula
6. 6. Umnqweno ongachazekiyo wokutya into engaqhelekanga enje ngezitena okanye udongwe
7. 7. Ukuphulukana nenkumbulo okanye ubunzima bokugxila

Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-anemia kuyimfuneko ukuya kugqirha kwaye wenze uvavanyo lwegazi ukuvavanya amanqanaba e-hemoglobin, ekufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kwe-13% emadodeni, i-12% kwabasetyhini kunye ne-11% kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo ukusuka kwikota yesibini. Funda ngakumbi malunga neemvavanyo ezingqina i-anemia.

Ukuba amaxabiso e-hemoglobin kuvavanyo lwegazi angaphantsi kwesiqhelo, umntu uthathwa ngokuba une-anemia. Nangona kunjalo, olunye uvavanyo lunokuba yimfuneko ukuchonga unobangela kunye nokuqala unyango, ngakumbi ukuba akukho sizathu sibonakalayo sokuqala kwegazi.