Ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokuhlaziya imiphunga

Umxholo

• Kwenziwe njani isifundo
• Oko kufundiswa sifundo
• Yintoni eyayisele isaziwa

Abaphandi kwiZiko le-Wellcome Sanger kwiYunivesithi yaseKholeji eLondon, e-UK, benze isifundo nabantu abatshayayo iminyaka emininzi kwaye bafumanisa ukuba emva kokuyeka, iiseli ezisempilweni emiphungeni yaba bantu ziyaphindaphindeka, ukunciphisa ukonzakala okubangelwe kukutshaya nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga.

Ngaphambili, besele kusaziwa ukuba ukuyeka ukutshaya kunqumamisa utshintsho olwenzeka kwimfuza olubangela umhlaza wemiphunga, kodwa olu phando lutsha luzisa iziphumo ezincomekayo ekuyekeni ukutshaya, zibonisa amandla okuvuselelwa kweeseli zemiphunga xa zingasaboniswanga kwiicuba.

Kwenziwe njani isifundo

Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseKholeji eLondon, banoxanduva lweziko elifunda i-genome kunye ne-genetics yomntu, befuna ukuqonda ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwiiseli zemiphunga xa bevezwa kwi-cigarettes, benza uphando apho bahlalutya khona ukuguquka kweselula kwi-airways yabantu abayi-16, phakathi kwabo kwakukho abantu abatshayayo, ababekade betshaya nabantu abangazange batshaye, kubandakanya nabantwana.

Ukuqhuba uhlalutyo lophando, abaphandi baqokelela iiseli kwimiphunga yabo bantu ngokwenza i-biopsy okanye ukuxubha i-bronchi kuvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoscopy, eluvavanyo lokuvavanya iindlela zomoya ngokwazisa ityhubhu eguqukayo ngomlomo, emva koko baqinisekisa iimpawu zofuzo ngokwenza ulungelelwaniso lwe-DNA yeeseli ezivunyiweyo.

Oko kufundiswa sifundo

Emva koqwalaselo lwelabhoratri, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba iiseli ezisempilweni zemiphunga yabantu abaye bayayeka ukutshaya zaziphindwe kane kunezo zabantu ababesebenzisa icuba yonke imihla, kwaye inani lala maseli laliphantse lilingane nalawo afunyanwa ngabantu abangazange ndatshaya.

Ke, iziphumo zophononongo zibonise ukuba xa zingasaboniswa kwicuba, iiseli zemiphunga ezisempilweni ziyakwazi ukuvuselela izicwili zemiphunga kunye nendlela yokuhamba yomoya, nakubantu abatshaye ipakethe yecuba ngemini kangangeminyaka engama-40. Ukongeza, kuye kwafumaniseka ukuba oku kuhlaziywa kweseli kuyakwazi ukukhusela umphunga kumhlaza.

Yintoni eyayisele isaziwa

Izifundo zangaphambili sele zibonisile ukuba ukutshaya icuba kubangela umhlaza wemiphunga, njengoko kubangela ukudumba, usulelo kunye nokunciphisa ukhuseleko, okukhokelela kuguquko kwiiseli zemiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, xa uyeka ukutshaya, ezi tshintsho ziyingozi zinqunyanyisiwe kwaye umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga uncitshiswe ngokuphawulekayo.

Ezi ziphumo zilungileyo zokuyeka ukutshaya zibonwa phantse kwangoko kwaye ziphuculwe ngokubonakalayo ngaphezulu kwexesha oyeke ngalo ukutshaya, nakubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka abatshayayo iminyaka emininzi. Kwaye olu phononongo lutsha lusomeleza eso sigqibo, kodwa luzisa iziphumo ezitsha ezikhuthazayo ngokubaluleka kokuyeka ukutshaya, kubonisa amandla emiphunga okuzihlaziya ngokuyeka icuba. Jonga ezinye iingcebiso zokuyeka ukutshaya.