Amaqabane aphila ne-HIV

Umxholo

• Qinisekisa ukuba iqabane lakho lilawula i-HIV yalo
• Thatha amayeza e-HIV ukuthintela i-HIV
• IPREEP
• IPEP
• Lazi inqanaba lomngcipheko lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesini
• Sebenzisa ukhuseleko
• Ungabelani ngenaliti efakwa ngaphakathi
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

Kungenxa yokuba umntu uphila ne-HIV akuthethi ukuba ulindele ukuba iqabane lakhe libe yingcali kuyo. Kodwa ukuqonda i-HIV kunye nendlela yokuthintela ukubonakaliswa kubalulekile ekugcineni ubudlelwane obukhuselekileyo nobusempilweni.

Babuze imibuzo kwaye ufundiswe ukuba kuthetha ntoni ukuphila ngale meko. Gcina unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo kwaye uxoxe ngomnqweno wokubandakanyeka kulawulo lwe-HIV yabo.

Inkxaso yeemvakalelo inokunceda umntu ophila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo ukuba aluphathe ngcono unonophelo lwempilo yakhe Oku kunokuyiphucula impilo yabo iyonke.

Ubudlelwane obuphilileyo bunokubandakanya:

• ukunceda iqabane lakho ukuba linamathele kunyango lwabo, ukuba liyafuneka
• Ukuthetha nomboneleli wezempilo malunga ne-preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) okanye i-postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), iintlobo ezimbini zamayeza
• ukuxoxa nokukhetha ezona ndlela zintle zokuthintela ziyafumaneka kubo bobabini abantu kubudlelwane

Ukulandela nganye yezi ngcebiso kunokunciphisa amathuba okosuleleka yi-HIV, kunciphise uloyiko olungenasisekelo ngoncedo lwemfundo, kunye nokuphucula impilo yabo bobabini abantu kubudlelwane.

Qinisekisa ukuba iqabane lakho lilawula i-HIV yalo

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yimeko enganyangekiyo ephathwa ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral. Amachiza e-antiretroviral alawula intsholongwane ngokunciphisa inani le-HIV elifumaneka egazini, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngumthamo wentsholongwane. La mayeza anciphisa inani lentsholongwane kolunye ulwelo lomzimba olufana nencindi yobudoda, ilindle okanye imingxunya, kunye nolwelo lobufazi.

Ukulawula i-HIV kufuna uqwalaselo olusondeleyo. Amayeza kufuneka athathwe njengoko eyalelwe ngumboneleli wezempilo. Ukongeza, ukulawula i-HIV kuthetha ukuya kumboneleli wezempilo rhoqo njengoko kucetyiswa.

Ngokunyanga i-HIV yabo ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral, abantu abaphila nale meko banokulawula impilo yabo kwaye bathintele umngcipheko wosulelo. Injongo yonyango lwe-HIV kukuthoba isixa se-HIV emzimbeni ukuya kwinqanaba lokufikelela kumthamo wentsholongwane ongafumanekiyo.

Ngokomntu, umntu ophila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane ongafumanekiyo ngekhe adlulisele i-HIV kwabanye. Bachaza umthwalo wentsholongwane ongafumanekiyo njengangaphantsi kwama-200 eekopi ngeemililitha zegazi.

Inkxaso umntu ongenayo i-HIV anokuthi ayinike iqabane eliphila ne-HIV inokuyichaphazela ngokuqinisekileyo indlela iqabane eline-HIV eliyilawula ngayo impilo yalo. Uphononongo kwiJenali yeAcquired Immune Defence Syndromes yokuba ukuba abantu abathandana besisini esinye "basebenzisana ukufezekisa injongo," umntu ophila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo kungenzeka ukuba ahlale emgceni nokhathalelo lwe-HIV kuzo zonke iinkalo.

Le nkxaso inokuqinisa ukomelela kolunye ulwalamano. kwakule magazini inye kwafumaniseka ukuba inkqubo yezonyango ebandakanya bobabini abantu inokukhuthaza iqabane eliphila ngaphandle kwe-HIV ukuba lixhase.

Thatha amayeza e-HIV ukuthintela i-HIV

Abantu abaphila ngaphandle kwe-HIV banokufuna ukuqaphela amayeza othintelo lwe-HIV ukuthintela umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV. Okwangoku, zimbini iindlela zokuthintela i-HIV ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral. Elinye lamayeza lithathwa yonke imihla njengenyathelo lokuthintela. Enye ithathwa emva kokubhencwa kwi-HIV.

IPREEP

I-PrEP lunyango lokuthintela abantu abangenayo i-HIV kodwa basemngciphekweni wokuyifumana. Lunyango lonyango oluthathwa kube kanye-lwemihla ngemihla oluyekisa i-HIV ekungeneni kwiiseli zomzimba. I-US Prestive Services Task Force (USPSTF) icebisa ukuba wonke umntu abe semngciphekweni wokosulelwa yi-HIV.

Ukuba umntu ongenayo i-HIV ulala nomntu ophila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo nomthamo wentsholongwane, i-PrEP inokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV. I-PrEP ikwanokukhetha ukuba uzibandakanya kwezokwabelana ngesondo neqabane elikwimo yalo engaziwayo.

I-CDC ithi iPrEP iya kuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokosulelwa yi-HIV ngokwesondo ngaphezulu.

Inkqubo yonyango lwe-PrEP ibandakanya:

• Ukuqeshwa rhoqo kwezonyango. Oku kubandakanya ukuvavanyelwa izifo ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo (STIs) kunye nokuba nezintso zisebenza qho.
• Ukuhlolelwa i-HIV. Uvavanyo lwenzeka ngaphambi kokufumana amayeza kwaye emva kweenyanga ezintathu.
• Ukuthatha ipilisi yonke imihla.

I-PrEP inokuhlawulwa nge-inshurensi. Abanye abantu banokukwazi ukufumana inkqubo exhasa amayeza. Iwebhusayithi ndicela undikhusele ibonelele kwiiklinikhi kunye nababoneleli abayalela iPrEP, kunye nolwazi malunga neinshurensi kunye neendlela zokuhlawula simahla okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Ngaphandle kokuthatha iPrEP, jonga nezinye iindlela, njengokusebenzisa iikhondom. I-PrEP ithatha iveki enye ukuya kwezintathu ukubonelela ngokhuseleko, kuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi yesondo. Umzekelo, kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba amayeza asebenze ngokufanelekileyo ekukhuseleni ubufazi ngokuchasana ne-HIV kunokuba kunjalo kwi-anus. Kwakhona, i-PrEP ayikhuseli kwezinye ii-STIs.

IPEP

I-PEP lunyango oluthathwa emva kwesondo ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokuba sesichengeni se-HIV. Oku kunokubandakanya iimeko xa:

• ikhondomu iyaphuka
• ikhondom khange isetyenziswe
• umntu ongenayo i-HIV udibana negazi okanye ulwelo lomzimba oluvela kumntu one-HIV kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane obonakalayo
• umntu ongenayo i-HIV udibana negazi okanye ulwelo lomzimba oluvela kumntu ongaziwayo ukuba une-HIV

I-PEP isebenza kuphela xa ithe yathathwa kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-72 emva kokuvezwa yi-HIV. Kufuneka ithathwe yonke imihla, okanye njengoko kuchaziwe, kangangeentsuku ezingama-28.

Lazi inqanaba lomngcipheko lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesini

Ukwabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini kwandisa amathuba e-HIV ngaphezu kwalo naluphi na olunye uhlobo lwesini. Zimbini iintlobo zokulala nomntu ongatshatanga naye. Ukwamkela ngesondo ezimpundwini, okanye ukuba sezantsi, kuxa ipeni yeqabane lingena ngaphakathi kwi-anus. Ukwamkela ngesondo ezimpundwini ngaphandle kwekhondom kuthathwa njengoyena mntu usemngciphekweni wokwabelana ngesondo.

Ukuba ngaphezulu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo yaziwa ngokuba kukufaka ngokwesondo ezimpundwini. Ukwabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini ngaphandle kwekhondomu yenye indlela yokufumana i-HIV. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV ngale ndlela usezantsi xa kuthelekiswa nokwabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini.

Ukuzibandakanya kwisini sangasese kunomngcipheko omncinci wokosulela kwe-HIV kunokwabelana ngesondo ezimpundwini, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uzikhusele ngeendlela ezifana nokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwekhondom.

Nangona kunqabile kakhulu, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane i-HIV ngokwenza isondo ngomlomo. Sebenzisa ikhondom okanye umqobo we-latex ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo kunganciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana ezinye ii-STI. Olunye ukhetho kukuthintela ukwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo phambi kwezilonda ezisemlonyeni okanye ezomlomo.

Sebenzisa ukhuseleko

Ukusebenzisa ikhondom xa usabelana ngesondo kunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HIV. Iikhondom zingakhusela nakwezinye izifo ezingumvuka wokwabelana ngesondo.

Funda ukusebenzisa ikhondomu ngokuchanekileyo ukunciphisa ithuba lokuqhekeka okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle xa usabelana ngesondo.Sebenzisa ikhondom eyenziwe ngezinto ezizinzileyo ezifana nelatex. Ziphephe ezo zenziwe ngezinto zendalo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abakuthinteli ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV.

Izinto zokuthambisa zinokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa. Kungenxa yokuba bathintela iikhondom ukuba zingaphumeleli. Banokunciphisa ukungqubana kwaye banciphise ithuba leenyembezi ezincinci kwimisele yangaphambi okanye kwilungu lobufazi.

Xa ukhetha igrisi:

• Khetha i-lubricant engamanzi- okanye i-silicone esekwe.
• Kunqande ukusebenzisa izinto zokuthambisa ezisekwe kwioyile kunye neekhondomu zelatex kuba zithomalalisa i-latex. Izinto zokuthambisa ezisekwe kwioyile zibandakanya iVaselina kunye nesithambiso sesandla
• Sukusebenzisa izinto zokuthambisa nge-nonoxynol-9. Inokucaphukisa kwaye inyuse amathuba okusasazeka kwe-HIV.

Ungabelani ngenaliti efakwa ngaphakathi

Ukuba usebenzisa iinaliti zokutofa iziyobisi, kubalulekile ukuba ungabelani ngenaliti okanye iisirinji nabani na. Ukwabelana ngeenaliti kwandisa umngcipheko we-HIV.

Ukuthatha

Ngokuziqhelanisa nokwabelana ngesondo kunye neekhondom, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nobudlelwane obunempilo nobupheleleyo kunye nomntu ophila ne-HIV. Ukuthatha amayeza othintelo afana ne-PrEP okanye i-PEP angawanciphisa amathuba okuba sesichengeni se-HIV.

Ukuba umntu oneNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​unobunzima bentsholongwane obungenakubonwa, akakwazi ukudlulisela i-HIV kwabanye. Le yenye indlela ebalulekileyo yokuba iqabane elingenayo i-HIV likhuseleke kwintsholongwane.