Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngePoikilocytosis

Umxholo

• Iimpawu poikilocytosis
• Yintoni ebangela poikilocytosis?
• Ukuchonga poikilocytosis
• Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-poikilocytosis?
• Iipherocyte
• Stomatocytes (iiseli zomlomo)
• IiCodocyte (iiseli ekujoliswe kuzo)
• IiLeptocyte
• Iiseli zokugula (drepanocytes)
• I-Elliptocytes (ii-ovalocytes)
• Iidacryocyte (iiseli zenyembezi)
• Iiacanthocyte (iiseli zesibindi)
• I-Echinocytes (iiseli zeburr)
• Iischizocytes (schistocytes)
• Njani na poikilocytosis?
• Yintoni imbono?

Yintoni poikilocytosis?

I-Poikilocytosis ligama lonyango lokuba neeseli ezibomvu ngendlela engaqhelekanga (RBCs) egazini lakho. Iiseli zegazi ezimile ngokungaqhelekanga zibizwa ngokuba zii-poikilocytes.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ii-RBCs zomntu (zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-erythrocytes) zimile okwe-disk ezinendawo embaca kumacala omabini. Poikilocytes:

• ncoma kunesiqhelo
• yinde, imile okwecrescent, okanye imilebe yetiardrop
• kufuneka uqikelelo
• unezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga

Ii-RBCs zithwala ioksijini kunye nezakha mzimba kwizicubu zomzimba kunye namalungu akho. Ukuba ii-RBCs zakho zimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga, abanakukwazi ukuphatha ioksijini eyaneleyo.

I-Poikilocytosis ihlala ibangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango, enje nge-anemia, isifo sesibindi, utywala, okanye isifo esivela kwilifa. Ngesi sizathu, ubukho bee-poikilocytes kunye nokumila kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga kuluncedo ekuchongeni ezinye iimeko zonyango. Ukuba une-poikilocytosis, kunokwenzeka ukuba unemeko engxamisekileyo efuna unyango.

Iimpawu poikilocytosis

Olona phawu luphambili lwepoikilocytosis inexabiso elibonakalayo (ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezili-10) zee-RBCs ezimile ngokungaqhelekanga.

Ngokubanzi, iimpawu poikilocytosis zixhomekeke kwimeko esezantsi. I-Poikilocytosis inokuqwalaselwa njengeempawu zezinye iingxaki.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene negazi, njenge-anemia, zibandakanya:

• ukudinwa
• ulusu oluthuthu
• ubuthathaka
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Ezi mpawu zibangelwa kukungonelisi ngokwaneleyo kweoksijini ekuhanjisweni kwezicubu zomzimba kunye namalungu.

Yintoni ebangela poikilocytosis?

I-Poikilocytosis sisiphumo sesinye imeko. Iimeko zePoikilocytosis zinokufunyanwa njengelifa okanye zifunyenwe. Iimeko ezizuzwe njengelifa zibangelwa kukutshintsha kwemfuzo. Iimeko ezifumanekayo zikhula kamva ebomini.

Izizathu ezizuzwe njenge-poikilocytosis zibandakanya:

• I-sickle cell anemia, isifo semfuza esibonakaliswa zii-RBCs ezinesimo esingaqhelekanga senqawa
• thalassemia, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kwimfuza apho umzimba wenza ihemoglobin engaqhelekanga
• Ukusilela kwepyruvate kinase
• Isifo seMcLeod, isifo esinqabileyo semfuza esichaphazela imithambo-luvo, intliziyo, igazi kunye nengqondo. Iimpawu zihlala ziza kancinci kwaye ziqala ebudaleni
• ilifa elliptocytosis
• spherocytosis yelifa

Izizathu ezifumanekayo zepoikilocytosis zibandakanya:

• i-anemia yentsimbi, yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo ye-anemia eyenzeka xa umzimba ungenayo i-iron eyaneleyo
• i-megaloblastic anemia, i-anemia ebangelwa kukusilela kwi-folate okanye i-vitamin B-12
• autoimmune hemolytic anemias, iqela leziphazamiso ezithi zenzeke xa amajoni omzimba atshabalalisa ngempazamo ii-RBCs
• isibindi kunye nesifo sezintso
• utywala okanye isifo sesibindi esinxulumene notywala
• kukhokelela kwityhefu
• Unyango lwe-chemotherapy
• izifo ezosulelayo
• umhlaza
• myelofibrosis

Ukuchonga poikilocytosis

Zonke iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa eUnited States ziyavavanywa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi elithile, njenge-sickle cell anemia. I-Poikilocytosis inokufunyanwa ngexesha lovavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-smear yegazi. Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba oluqhelekileyo, okanye ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezingachazwanga.

Ngexesha le-smear yegazi, ugqirha usasaza umaleko omncinci wegazi kwisilayidi semicroscope kwaye adyobhe igazi ukunceda ukwahlula iiseli. Ugqirha ujonga igazi phantsi kwemicroscope, apho ubukhulu kunye nemilo yee-RBCs zinokubonwa khona.

Ayizizo zonke i-RBC ezizakuthatha imilo engaqhelekanga. Abantu abane-poikilocytosis baneeseli ezimile ngokuqhelekileyo ezixutywe kunye neeseli ezimile ngokungaqhelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepoikilocytes ezikhoyo egazini. Ugqirha wakho uya kuzama ukufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo oluxhaphakileyo.

Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho uya kuqhuba iimvavanyo ezingakumbi ukuze afumanise ukuba yintoni ebangela ii-RBCs zakho ezimile ngokungaqhelekanga. Ugqirha wakho unokukubuza imibuzo malunga nembali yakho yonyango. Qiniseka ukuba ubaxelela malunga neempawu zakho okanye ukuba uthatha nawaphi na amayeza.

Imizekelo yezinye iimvavanyo zokuqonda isifo zibandakanya:

• ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC)
• amanqanaba esinyithi serum
• uvavanyo lweferritin
• Uvavanyo lwevithamini B-12
• uvavanyo lomntu
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi
• Umongo wethambo
• Uvavanyo lwe-pyruvate kinase

Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-poikilocytosis?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zepoikilocytosis. Uhlobo luxhomekeke kwiimpawu zeRBCs ezimile ngokungaqhelekanga. Ngelixa kunokwenzeka ukuba ngaphezulu kolunye uhlobo lwe-poikilocyte ekhoyo egazini ngalo naliphi na ixesha elinikiweyo, ngesiqhelo olunye uhlobo luya kuba ngaphezulu kwezinye.

Iipherocyte

I-Spherocytes zincinci, iiseli ezijikelezileyo ezingasweleyo, indawo enemibala eqaqambileyo yee-RBCs ezimile rhoqo. I-Spherocytes inokubonwa kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• spherocytosis yelifa
• anemia ye-hemolytic ezenzekelayo
• iimpendulo zotofelo-gazi
• ukuphazamiseka kwesahluko esibomvu

Stomatocytes (iiseli zomlomo)

Icandelo eliphambili leseli ye-stomatocyte yi-elliptical, okanye i-slit-like, endaweni yokujikeleza. Istomatocyte zihlala zichazwa njengezime ngomlomo, kwaye zinokubonwa kubantu abane:

• utywala
• isifo sesibindi
• ilifa le-stomatocytosis, isifo esingaqhelekanga semfuza apho inwebu yeseli ivuza khona ion kunye ne-potassium ion

IiCodocyte (iiseli ekujoliswe kuzo)

IiCodocyte ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ekujolise kuzo kuba zihlala zifana nenkunzi yenkomo. IiCodocyte zinokubonakala kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• thalassemia
• isifo sesibindi cholestatic
• Iingxaki zehemoglobin C
• abantu abasandula ukususwa udakada (splenectomy)

Ngelixa ingaqhelekanga, ii-codoctyes zinokubonwa kubantu abane-sickle cell anemia, i-iron anemia, okanye i-lead lead.

IiLeptocyte

Amaxesha amaninzi abizwa ngokuba ziiseli ezikhuselekileyo, ii-leptocyte zibhityile, ziiseli ezithe tyaba ezinehemoglobin kumda weseli. I-Leptocytes zibonwa kubantu abaneengxaki ze-thalassemia kunye nalabo abanezifo zesibindi eziphazamisayo.

Iiseli zokugula (drepanocytes)

Iiseli zokugula, okanye i-drepanocytes, zide, zii-RBCs ezimile okweqanda. Ezi seli ziimpawu ze-sickle cell anemia kunye ne-hemoglobin S-thalassemia.

I-Elliptocytes (ii-ovalocytes)

I-Elliptocytes, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-ovalocyte, ime okweqanda kancinci kumilo we-cigar ngeziphelo ezingacacanga. Ngokwesiqhelo, ubukho benani elikhulu lee-elliptocyte libonisa imeko yelifa ebizwa ngokuba yi-elliptocytosis yelifa. Amanani aphakathi ee-elliptocytes anokubonwa kubantu abane:

• thalassemia
• myelofibrosis
• ukuqina kwesibindi
• i-anemia yentsimbi
• i-anemia megaloblastic

Iidacryocyte (iiseli zenyembezi)

I-erythrocytes yeTeardrop, okanye ii-dacryocyte, zii-RBCs ezinesiphelo esinye sokujikeleza kunye nesiphelo esinye esinencasa. Olu hlobo lwe-poikilocyte lunokubonwa kubantu abane:

• beta-thalassemia
• myelofibrosis
• Ileukemia
• i-anemia megaloblastic
• i-hemolytic anemia

Iiacanthocyte (iiseli zesibindi)

Ii-Acanthocyte zinemilinganiselo enameva engaqhelekanga (ebizwa ngokuba zii-spicule) emaphethelweni e-membrane yeseli. Iiacanthocyte zifumaneka kwiimeko ezinje:

• i-abetalipoproteinemia, imeko enqabileyo yemfuza ekhokelela kukungakwazi ukufumana amanqatha athile okutya
• isifo sesibindi esinxilisayo
• emva kwe-splenectomy
• anemia ye-hemolytic ezenzekelayo
• isifo sezintso
• thalassemia
• Isifo seMcLeod

I-Echinocytes (iiseli zeburr)

Njengama-acanthocyte, ii-echinocyte nazo zinokuqikelelwa (ii-spicule) emaphethelweni e-membrane yeseli. Kodwa ezi projekthi ziqhathaniswa ngokulinganayo kwaye zenzeke ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunee-acanthocyte. Ii-Echinocytes zikwabizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-burr.

I-Echinocytes inokubonwa kubantu abanezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukusilela kwe-pyruvate kinase, isifo esivela kwilifa esichaphazela ukusinda kwee-RBCs
• isifo sezintso
• umhlaza
• Ngokukhawuleza emva kotofelo lwegazi elidala (ii-echinocytes zingenza ngexesha lokugcinwa kwegazi)

Iischizocytes (schistocytes)

IiSchizocytes zahlulwe ii-RBCs. Ziyabonakala kubantu abane-hemolytic anemias okanye zingabonakala ngokuphendula kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• ispsis
• usulelo olunzima
• Ukutsha
• ukwenzakala kwezicubu

Njani na poikilocytosis?

Unyango lwe-poikilocytosis luxhomekeke kwinto ebangela imeko. Umzekelo, i-poikilocytosis ebangelwa ngamanqanaba asezantsi e-vitamin B-12, folate, okanye i-iron iya kuthi inyangwe ngokuthatha izongezo kunye nokunyusa inani lezi vithamini kukutya kwakho. Okanye, oogqirha banokunyanga isifo esisisiseko (njengesifo se-celiac) esinokubangela ukusilela kwindawo yokuqala.

Abantu abaneentlobo ze-anemia ezizuzwe njengelifa, njenge-sickle cell anemia okanye i-thalassemia, banokufuna ukutofelwa igazi okanye ukufakelwa umongo wethambo ukunyanga imeko yabo. Abantu abanesifo sesibindi banokufuna ukufakelwa, ngelixa abo banesifo esibi banokufuna i-antibiotics.

Yintoni imbono?

Umbono wexesha elide we-poikilocytosis uxhomekeke kwisizathu kwaye uphathwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. I-anemia ebangelwa kukunqongophala kwe-iron iyanyangeka kwaye ihlala inyangeka, kodwa kunokuba yingozi ukuba ayinyangwa. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa ukuba ukhulelwe. I-Anemia ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubangela iingxaki zokukhulelwa, kubandakanya neziphene ezinzulu zokuzalwa (ezinje ngeziphene zetyhubhu ye-neural).

I-anemia ebangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwemfuza njenge-sickle cell anemia iya kufuna unyango lobomi bonke, kodwa ukuhambela phambili kwezonyango kutsha nje kuyiphucule imbonakalo yabo banengxaki ethile yegazi yemfuza.