I-Thrombocythemia yaseprayimari

Umxholo

• Yintoni eyona thrombocythemia ephambili?
• Yintoni ebangela i-thrombocythemia ephambili?
• Zithini iimpawu zeprombocythemia ephambili?
• Zeziphi iingxaki zeprombocythemia yokuqala?
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-thrombocythemia ephambili?
• Iphathwa njani i-thrombocythemia ephambili?
• Yeyiphi imbonakalo yexesha elide kubantu abane-thrombocythemia ephambili?
• Uthintelwa kwaye uphathwa njani umphumo we-thrombocythemia?

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Yintoni eyona thrombocythemia ephambili?

I-thrombocythemia yaseprayimari sisifo esingaqhelekanga sokunqanda igazi esibangela ukuba umongo wethambo uvelise iiplatelets ezininzi. Kwakhona kwaziwa ngokuba yi-thrombocythemia ebalulekileyo.

Umongo wethambo sisicwili esifana nesiponji esisemathanjeni akho. Iqulethe iiseli ezivelisa:

• iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (RBCs), ezithwala ioksijini nezakhamzimba
• iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-WBCs), ezinceda ukulwa usulelo
• Iiplatelets, ezenza ukuba igazi likwazi ukuxinana

Inani leplatelet ephezulu linokubangela ukuba amahlwili egazi akhule ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, igazi lakho liqala ukujiya ukuthintela ukulahleka okukhulu kwegazi emva kokonzakala. Kubantu abane-thrombocythemia ephambili, nangona kunjalo, amahlwili egazi anokuvela ngesiquphe nangaphandle kwesizathu.

Ukuhlanjwa kwegazi ngokungaqhelekanga kunokuba yingozi. Amahlwili egazi anokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi liye kwingqondo, isibindi, intliziyo kunye namanye amalungu abalulekileyo.

Yintoni ebangela i-thrombocythemia ephambili?

Le meko yenzeka xa umzimba wakho uvelisa iiplatelets ezininzi, ezinokukhokelela ekunqandeni ngokungaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, oyena nobangela woku akwaziwa. Ngokwe-MPN Foundation Foundation, malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abane-thrombocythemia yokuqala banokutshintsha kwemfuza kwiJanus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene. Olu hlobo lunoxanduva lokwenza iprotein ekhuthaza ukukhula kunye nokwahlulwa kweeseli.

Xa ubalo lweplatelet yakho luphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yesifo esithile okanye imeko, ibizwa ngokuba yi-thrombocytosis yesibini okanye esebenzayo. I-thrombocythemia yaseprayimari ayiqhelekanga kune-thrombocytosis yesibini. Olunye uhlobo lwe-thrombocythemia, ifunyenwe njenge-thrombocythemia, kunqabile kakhulu.

I-thrombocythemia yaseprayimari ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini nakubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50. Nangona kunjalo, le meko inokuchaphazela nabantu abancinci.

Zithini iimpawu zeprombocythemia ephambili?

I-thrombocythemia yaseprayimari ngesiqhelo ayibangeli zimpawu. Igazi liyakuba luphawu lokuqala lokuba kukho into engalunganga. Amahlwili egazi anokukhula naphi na emzimbeni wakho, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba enze iinyawo, izandla, okanye ingqondo. Iimpawu ze-clot yegazi ziyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kwindawo apho i-clot ikhoyo. Iimpawu ngokubanzi zibandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• intloko elula okanye isiyezi
• ubuthathaka
• isiqaqa
• Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukurhawuzelela iinyawo okanye izandla
• ukuba bomvu, ukubetha, kunye neentlungu ezivuthayo ezinyaweni okanye ezandleni zakho
• utshintsho kumbono
• iintlungu zesifuba
• udakada owandisiweyo kancinci

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, imeko inokubangela ukopha. Oku kunokwenzeka ngohlobo lwe:

• ukutyunyuzwa ngokulula
• ukopha kwiintsini zakho okanye emlonyeni
• impumlo
• umchamo wegazi
• Isitulo segazi

Zeziphi iingxaki zeprombocythemia yokuqala?

Abasetyhini abane-thrombocythemia ephambili kunye nokuthatha iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa banomngcipheko ophezulu wamahlwili egazi. Le meko iyingozi ngakumbi kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Ihlwili legazi elikwi-placenta linokukhokelela kwiingxaki ngokukhula komntwana okanye ukuphuphuma kwesisu.

Ihlwili legazi linokubangela uhlaselo lwexeshana lwe-ischemic (TIA) okanye ukubetha. Iimpawu zokubetha zibandakanya:

• ukungaboni kakuhle
• ubuthathaka okanye ubundindisholo emilenzeni okanye ebusweni
• ukudideka
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• kunzima ukuthetha
• ukuxhuzula

Abantu abane-thrombocythemia ephambili basengozini yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo. Kungenxa yokuba amahlwili egazi anokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi kuye entliziyweni. Iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo zibandakanya:

• ulusu lweclammy
• ukucofa iintlungu esifubeni okuhlala ngaphezulu kwemizuzu embalwa
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ubuhlungu obuya egxalabeni lakho, ingalo, umqolo, okanye umhlathi

Nangona ingaqhelekanga, ukubalwa kweplatelet ephezulu kakhulu kunokubangela:

• impumlo
• ukugruzuka
• ukopha kwiintsini
• igazi esitulweni

Fowunela ugqirha wakho okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza ukuba uneempawu zoku:

• ihlwili legazi
• ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• ukubetha
• ukopha kakhulu

Le miqathango ithathwa njengongxamiseko kwezonyango kwaye ifuna unyango kwangoko.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-thrombocythemia ephambili?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala enze uvavanyo lomzimba aze akubuze ngembali yakho yezonyango. Qinisekisa ukukhankanya naluphi na utofelo-gazi, usulelo, kunye neenkqubo zonyango obukhe wanazo ngaphambili. Xelela ugqirha wakho nangaliphi na iyeza kunye neyeza ezingaphaya kwekhawuntare (OTC) amayeza kunye nezongezelelo ozithathayo.

Ukuba kukrokrelwa i-thrombocythemia ephambili, ugqirha wakho uya kuqhuba uvavanyo oluthile lwegazi ukuqinisekisa isifo. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokubandakanya:

• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC). I-CBC ilinganisa inani leeplatelets egazini lakho.
• Igazi smear. I-smear yegazi ivavanya imeko yeeplatelets zakho.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuzo. Olu vavanyo luya kunceda ekuboneni ukuba unelifa elilelifa elibangela ukubalwa okuphezulu kweplatelet.

Olunye uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo lunokubandakanya umnqweno wethambo lokujonga iiplatelet zakho phantsi kwemicroscope. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuthatha isampulu yamathambo omongo wethambo kwifom engamanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhutshwe kwisifuba okanye isifuba.

Uyakufumana isifo se-thrombocythemia sokuqala ukuba ugqirha wakho akakwazi ukufumana unobangela weplatelet count yakho ephezulu.

Iphathwa njani i-thrombocythemia ephambili?

Isicwangciso sakho sonyango siya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa amahlwili egazi.

Usenokungafuni unyango ukuba awunazo iimpawu okanye izinto ezongezelelekileyo zomngcipheko. Endaweni yoko, ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ukujonga ngononophelo imeko yakho. Unyango lunokucetyiswa ukuba:

• bangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala
• uyatshaya
• unezinye iimeko zonyango, ezinje ngesifo seswekile okanye isifo sentliziyo
• Unembali yokopha okanye yegazi

Unyango lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• OTC aspirin yedosi ephantsi (Bayer) inokunciphisa ukujiya kwegazi. Thenga i-aspirin yedosi ephantsi kwi-intanethi.
• Amayeza amiselweyo ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvala okanye ukunciphisa imveliso yeplatelet kumongo wethambo.
• Iplatelet pheresis. Le nkqubo isusa iiplatelets ngokuthe ngqo egazini.

Yeyiphi imbonakalo yexesha elide kubantu abane-thrombocythemia ephambili?

Imbonakalo yakho ixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Uninzi lwabantu alunamava ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki ezinzulu zinokwenzeka. Banokubandakanya:

• ukopha kakhulu
• ukubetha
• ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• iingxaki zokukhulelwa, ezinje nge-preeclampsia, ukuhanjiswa kwangoko, kunye nokuphuma kwesisu

Imiba yokuphuma kwegazi ayinqabile, kodwa ingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinjenge:

• i-leukemia ebukhali, uhlobo lomhlaza wegazi
• i-myelofibrosis, ingxaki yokuqhubeka komongo wethambo

Uthintelwa kwaye uphathwa njani umphumo we-thrombocythemia?

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuthintela i-thrombocythemia ephambili. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kutshanje ufumene isifo se-thrombocythemia, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezinzulu.

Inyathelo lokuqala kukulawula nayiphi na imingcipheko yamahlwili egazi. Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-cholesterol, kunye neemeko ezinje ngeswekile kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wamahlwili egazi. Ungakwenza oku ngokwenza umthambo rhoqo kunye nokutya ukutya okuninzi okubandakanya iziqhamo, imifuno, ukutya okuziinkozo kunye neeprotein ezingacacanga.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuyeka ukutshaya. Ukutshaya kwandisa umngcipheko wamahlwili egazi.

Ukuqhubeka nokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezinzulu, kuya kufuneka:

• Thatha onke amayeza njengoko kumiselwe.
• Gwema i-OTC okanye amayeza abandayo awonyusa umngcipheko wokopha.
• Gwema imidlalo yezonxibelelwano okanye imisebenzi eyonyusa umngcipheko wokopha.
• Khawuleza uxele ukopha okungaqhelekanga okanye iimpawu zamahlwili egazi kugqirha wakho.

Ngaphambi kwayo nayiphi na inkqubo yamazinyo okanye yotyando, qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha wakho wamazinyo okanye ugqirha malunga nalo naliphi na iyeza onokuthi ulithathe ukunciphisa inani leplatelet.

Abatshayayo kunye nabantu abanembali yamahlwili egazi banokufuna amayeza ukunciphisa ukubalwa kweplatelet. Abanye banokungafuneki naluphi na unyango.