Ngawaphi amaNqanaba oPhuculo lwengqondo lukaFreud?

Umxholo

• Ivela phi le ngcamango?
• Inqanaba ngalinye linxulunyaniswa nengxabano ethile
• Kungenzeka ukuba "unamathele" kwaye uyeke ukuqhubela phambili
• Inqanaba lomlomo
• Inqanaba lempundu
• Inqanaba lesini
• Ubunzima beOedipus
• Ubunzima be-Electra
• Inqanaba lokugqibela
• Inqanaba lobufazi
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na izigxeko ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe?
• Ke, le mbono ibambelela njani kumhla wethu?
• Ngaba zikho ezinye iingcamango ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe?
• Umgca wezantsi

Ngaba wakha weva amabinzana athi "umona wobudoda," "i-Oedipal tata," okanye "ukulungiswa komlomo"?

Zonke zazenziwe ngumntu owaziwayo ongu-psychoanalyst uSigmund Freud njengenxalenye yethiyori yengqondo yakhe yophuhliso.

Asiyi kuxoka - ngaphandle kwe-PhD kwizengqondo zabantu, iingcamango zikaFreud zingavakala ngathi zininzi ngengqondo.

Ungakhathazeki! Sibeka ndawonye esi sikhokelo sokuncokola ukukunceda uqonde ukuba luphuhliso luni malunga nobufanasini.

Ivela phi le ngcamango?

"Ingcamango yavela kuFreud ekuqaleni kwee-1900 njengendlela yokuqonda nokuchaza ukugula kwengqondo nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo," kuchaza ugqirha weengqondo uDana Dorfman, PhD.

Inqanaba ngalinye linxulunyaniswa nengxabano ethile

Ithiyori inamacala amaninzi kunekhekhe lomtshato, kodwa ibila kule nto: Ukonwaba ngokwesondo kudlala indima enkulu kuphuhliso lomntu.

NgokukaFreud, wonke umntwana "osempilweni" uvela ngokwamanqanaba amahlanu ahlukeneyo:

• ngomlomo
• ezimpundu
• yelungu lobudoda
• efihlakeleyo
• ilungu langasese

Inqanaba ngalinye linxulunyaniswa nenxalenye ethile yomzimba, okanye ngakumbi ngakumbi, indawo erogenous.

Umda ngamnye ngumthombo wolonwabo kunye nempixano ngexesha lawo.

"Ukukwazi komntwana ukusombulula olo ngquzulwano kumisela ukuba bakwazile ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo," ucacisa watsho uMark Mayfield ongumcebisi oqeqeshiweyo onelayisensi, umseki kunye ne-CEO yamaziko eCounselling eMayfield.

Kungenzeka ukuba "unamathele" kwaye uyeke ukuqhubela phambili

Ukuba usombulula impixano kwinqanaba elinikiweyo, uqhubekela kwinqanaba elilandelayo lophuhliso.

Kodwa ukuba kukho into ehamba kakubi, uFrud wayekholelwa ukuba uya kuhlala ngqo apho ukhoyo.

Ungahlala ubambekile, ungaze uqhubele phambili ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo, okanye inkqubela phambili kodwa ubonise intsalela okanye imiba engasonjululwanga kwinqanaba elidlulileyo.

UFreud ukholelwa ukuba kukho izizathu ezibini zokuba abantu babambekile:

1. Izidingo zabo zophuhliso khange zifezekiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha leqonga, ezibange ukukhathazeka.
2. Iimfuno zabo zophuhliso zazinjalo ke badibana kakuhle ukuba abafuni ukushiya imeko yokuziyolisa.

Zombini zinokukhokelela kwinto ayibiza ngokuba yi "fixation" kwindawo erogenous ehambelana neqonga.

Umzekelo, umntu "onamathele" kwinqanaba lokuthetha angonwaba kakhulu ngokuba nezinto emlonyeni wakhe.

Inqanaba lomlomo

• Uluhlu lobudala: Ukuzalwa ukuya kunyaka-1
• Ummandla we-Erogenous: Umlomo

Khawuleza: Cinga ngomntwana. Amathuba okuba ubonwe ngesikrelemnqa esincinci sihleli kwi-bum yabo, bencuma, kwaye bencanca kwiminwe yabo.

Ewe, ngokukaFreud, ngeli nqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, i-libido yomntu ifumaneka emlonyeni wabo. Intsingiselo yomlomo ngowona mthombo uphambili wolonwabo.

"Eli nqanaba linxulunyaniswa nokuncancisa, ukuluma, ukuncancisa, kunye nokuhlola umhlaba ngokubeka izinto emlonyeni," utshilo uGqirha Dorfman.

Ithiyori kaFreud ithi izinto ezinjengokuchamela iintsini ngokugqithisileyo, ukuluma iinzipho, kunye nokuncancisa ubhontsi kuncothulwe kancinane okanye kakhulu ekuzonwabiseni ngomlomo njengomntwana.

"Ukutya kakhulu, ukusela kakhulu utywala, kunye nokutshaya kuthiwa kubangelwa kukungakhuli kakuhle kweli nqanaba lokuqala, utshilo.

Inqanaba lempundu

• Uluhlu lobudala: 1 ukuya kwi-3 yeminyaka ubudala
• Ummandla we-Erogenous: umngxuma nesinyi

Ukubeka izinto kwi-canal anal kunokuba kukuduma, kodwa kweli nqanaba ukonwaba akufunyanwanga ekufakweni ungene, kodwa ukutyhala ngaphandle kwe, ezimpundu.

Ewe, yile khowudi yokukhupha.

UFrud wayekholelwa ukuba ngeli nqanaba, uqeqesho lwamanzi kunye nokufunda ukulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu kunye nesinyi yeyona nto ibangela ulonwabo kunye noxinzelelo.

Uqeqesho lwendlu yangasese ngokusisiseko ngumzali oxelela umntwana ukuba kuphi kwaye phi na apho banokuthi baphose khona, kwaye kukudibana komntu okokuqala negunya.

Ithiyori ithi indlela umzali afikelela ngayo kwinkqubo yoqeqesho lwendlu yangasese inefuthe kwindlela umntu asebenzisana ngayo nabasemagunyeni njengoko bekhula.

Uqeqesho lwe potty kucingelwa ukuba lubangela ukuba abantu abadala bangabuyeli mva: ukufuna ukugqibelela, ukuthanda kakhulu ucoceko, kunye nokulawula.

Uqeqesho lwenkululeko, kwelinye icala, kuthiwa lubangela ukuba umntu akhutshwe ezimpundwini: ukungcoliseka, ukungalungelelani, ukugqithisa, nokuba nemida engalunganga.

Inqanaba lesini

• Uluhlu lobudala: Uneminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 ubudala
• Ummandla we-Erogenous: amalungu esini, ngokukodwa incanca

Njengoko unokuthelekelela kwigama, eli nqanaba libandakanya ukulungiswa kwilungu lobudoda.

UFrud ucebise ukuba kumakhwenkwe amancinci, oku kuthetha ukuthatheka ngamadoda abo.

Kumantombazana amancinci, oku kwakuthetha ukuzinza kwinto yokuba abanayo incanca, amava awabiza ngokuba "ngumona wobudoda."

Ubunzima beOedipus

Ubunzima be-Oedipus yenye yezona zimvo ziphikisayo zikaFreud.

Isekwe kwinkolelo yamaGrike apho umfana ogama lingu-Oedipus abulala utata wakhe aze atshate nonina. Xa efumanisa into ayenzileyo, ukhupha amehlo akhe ngaphandle.

UGqr. Mayfield uthi: “UFreud wayekholelwa ukuba onke amakhwenkwe atsaleleka kunina.

Kwaye inkwenkwe nganye ikholelwa ekubeni ukuba utata wakhe ufumanise, utata wakhe angayithatha le nto inkwenkwana iyithanda kakhulu emhlabeni: ipipi yakhe.

Nantsi ke into yokulala uxinzelelo.

NgokukaFreud, amakhwenkwe ekugqibeleni athatha isigqibo sokuba ngooyise- ngokulinganisa- kunokuba alwe nabo.

UFreud wabiza oku "kukuchongwa" kwaye wakholwa ukuba ekugqibeleni yayisisombululo se-Oedipus.

Ubunzima be-Electra

Esinye isazi ngengqondo, uCarl Jung, waqamba "i-Electra Complex" ngo-1913 ukuze achaze imvakalelo efanayo kumantombazana.

Ngamafutshane, ithi amantombazana amancinci akhuphisana noomama babo ngesondo kooyise.

Kodwa uFrud wayikhaba le ilebheli, esithi amaqabane amabini afumana amava ahlukileyo kwesi sigaba ekungafanelekanga ukuba adibane.

Ke ngoku uyenzile UFreud ukholelwa ukuba kwenzeke kumantombazana kweli nqanaba?

Ucebise ukuba amantombazana athande oomama babo de baqonde ukuba abanayo incanca, emva koko banamathele ngakumbi kooyise.

Emva kwexesha, baqala ukuzichonga noomama babo ngenxa yokoyika ukuphulukana nothando lwabo - into awathi wayila "isimo sengqondo sobufazi se-Oedipus."

Ukholelwe ukuba eli nqanaba libalulekile ukuba amantombazana aqonde indima yabo njengabafazi emhlabeni, kunye nokuziphatha kwabo ngokwesini.

Inqanaba lokugqibela

• Uluhlu lobudala: I-7 ukuya kwi-10 yeminyaka ubudala, okanye isikolo samabanga aphantsi nge-preadolescence
• Ummandla we-Erogenous: N / A, iimvakalelo zesondo azisebenzi

Ngexesha lesigaba sokugqibela, i-libido ikwi "sukuphazamisa imo."

UFrud waphikisa ukuba kulapho ke xa amandla ezesondo athunyelwa ekusebenzeni ngenkuthalo, kwimisebenzi ye-asexual njengokufunda, ukuzonwabisa kunye nobudlelwane boluntu.

Waziva ukuba eli nqanaba kuxa abantu bephuhlisa izakhono ezisempilweni zokunxibelelana nabantu.

Ukholelwe ekubeni ukusilela ukuhamba kweli nqanaba kunokubangela ukungakhuli ubomi bonke, okanye ukungabinakho ukonwaba, ukuhlala usempilweni, kwaye uzalisekise ubudlelwane bezesondo kunye nokungabelani ngesondo njengomntu omdala.

Inqanaba lobufazi

• Uluhlu lobudala: 12 nangaphezulu, okanye ukufikisa kude kube sekufeni
• Ummandla we-Erogenous: amalungu esini

Inqanaba lokugqibela kulethiyori liqala ebusheni kwaye, njenge "Grey's Anatomy," ayipheli. Yilapho i-libido iphinda ibuye.

Ngokuka-Freud, kulapho umntu aqala ukuba nomdla wesini oqinileyo kubantu besini esahlukileyo.

Kwaye, ukuba inqanaba liphumelele, kulapho abantu baba neentlobano zesini esahlukileyo kwaye bahlakulele ubudlelwane obunothando nobomi bonke kunye nomntu wesini esahlukileyo.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na izigxeko ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe?

Ukuba ubufunda ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwaye uhambisa amehlo akho ngendlela i-hetero-centric, binaristic, misogynistic, kunye ne-monogamous-minded ezinye zezi ngcamango, awuwedwa!

Ugqirha uDorfman uthi uFreud uhlala egxekwa ngendlela egxile kuyo eyindoda, i-heteronormative, kunye ne-cis-centric kwezi zigaba.

"Ngelixa kuguquka ixesha lalo, uluntu luye lwazivelela kakhulu ukusukela oko kwavela ezi zimvo ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-100 eyadlulayo," utshilo. "Inkoliso yeengcamango iphelelwe lixesha, ayinamsebenzi yaye ithatha icala."

Kodwa musa ukuyifumana ijikekile, nangona kunjalo. UFreud wayesabaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo leengqondo.

"Utyhale imida, wabuza imibuzo, kwaye wavelisa ithiyori eyakhuthaza kwaye yacela umngeni kwizizukulwana ezininzi ukuba ziphonononge imiba eyahlukeneyo yengqondo yomntu," utshilo uGqirha Mayfield.

"Ngekungekho kule ndawo sikuyo namhlanje ngaphakathi kwezakhelo zethiyori ukuba uFreud ebengayiqalanga le nkqubo."

Hayi, ikhredithi apho ityala lifanelekile!

Ke, le mbono ibambelela njani kumhla wethu?

Namhlanje, bambalwa abantu abaxhasa ngamandla amanqanaba okuphuhla kwengqondo kaFreud njengoko kwakubhaliwe.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uGqirha uDorfman echaza, i-crux yalethiyori icinezela ukuba izinto esizifumanayo njengabantwana zinefuthe elikhulu ekuziphatheni kwethu kwaye zinefuthe elihlala lihleli-umbono wokuba uninzi lweembono ezikhoyo malunga nokuziphatha komntu zivela.

Ngaba zikho ezinye iingcamango ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe?

"Ewe!" Utshilo uGqirha Mayfield. “Zininzi kakhulu ukuba zingenakubalwa!”

Ezinye zeemfundiso ezaziwa ngokubanzi zibandakanya:

• Amanqanaba oPhuhliso luka-Erik Erickson
• Iziganeko eziPhambili zikaJean Piaget zoPhuhliso
• Amanqanaba kaLawrence Kohlberg oPhuhliso lweMilinganiselo

Oko kwathethi, akukho mvumelwano kwithiyori enye "elungileyo".

"Ingxaki yethiyori yophuhliso kukuba bahlala befaka abantu ebhokisini kwaye bengavumeli indawo yokwahluka okanye ukuthengisa," utshilo uGqirha Mayfield.

Ngamnye unezinto ezintle nezingalunganga ezifanele ukuqwalaselwa, ke kubalulekile ukuba ujonge umbono ngamnye kwimeko yexesha lawo nakumntu ngamnye ngokupheleleyo.

"Ngelixa iithiyori zeqonga zinokuba luncedo ekuqondeni abaphawuli benkqubela phambili kuhambo lophuhliso, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba kukho amawaka abaxhasi abahlukeneyo kuphuhliso lomntu," utshilo uMayfield.

Umgca wezantsi

Ngoku ithathwa njengephelelwe lixesha, amanqanaba okuphatha kwengqondo kaFreud awasasebenzi ngokusemgangathweni.

Kodwa ngenxa yokuba zisisiseko seethiyori ezininzi zosuku lwangoku kuphuhliso, bayinto ekufuneka bayazile kubantu abakhe bazibuza, "Uza njani umntu ukuba abe njani?"

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