Uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye neempawu zengqondo (Uxinzelelo lwengqondo)

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwengqondo?
• Uthintelo lokuzibulala
• Yintoni ebangela uxinzelelo lwengqondo?
• Luchongwa njani uxinzelelo lwengqondo?
• Luthathwa njani uxinzelelo lwengqondo?
• Yeyiphi imbonakalo yomntu onoxinzelelo lwengqondo?
• Indlela yokuThintela ukuzibulala

Yintoni uxinzelelo lwengqondo?

Ukudakumba kwengqondo, okwaziwa ngokuba kukudakumba okukhulu kunye neempawu zengqondo, yimeko enzima efuna unyango kwangoko kunye nokubeka iliso kufutshane yingcali yezonyango okanye yengqondo.

Ukudakumba okukhulu kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuqhelekileyo okunokuthi kuchaphazele kakubi iindawo ezininzi zobomi bomntu. Ichaphazela imo yokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba, kubandakanya ukutya kunye nokulala. Abantu abanexinzelelo olukhulu bahlala belahlekelwa ngumdla kwimisebenzi ababeyonwabele kwaye banengxaki yokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Ngamaxesha athile, banokuziva ngathi ubomi abufanelanga.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zabantu abanexinzelelo olukhulu baneempawu zengqondo. Olu dibana ngamanye amaxesha kubhekiswa kulo njengoxinzelelo lwengqondo. Kunyango lwengqondo, nangona kunjalo, igama lobuchwephesha ngakumbi kukudakumba okukhulu okuneempawu zengqondo. Imeko ibangela ukuba abantu babone, beve, okanye bakholelwe izinto ezingezizo ezokwenyani.

Zimbini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sokudakumba kunye neempawu zengqondo. Kuzo zombini ezi zinto, ubuqhetseba kunye nemibono ikhona, kodwa umntu ochaphazelekayo unokufumana uxinzelelo olukhulu lokudakumba kunye neempawu zengqondo ezihlangeneyo okanye ezineempawu zengqondo ezingahambelaniyo.

Uxinzelelo olukhulu lokudakumba kunye neemeko zengqondo ezinxulumene nemeko yokusebenza kwengqondo kuthetha ukuba umxholo wehluuccinations kunye nokukhohlisa kuyahambelana nemixholo yoxinzelelo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuziva ungafaneleki, ukuziva unetyala, okanye ukungazixabisi.Ukuphazamiseka okukhulu koxinzelelo kunye neempawu zengqondo ezingahambelaniyo nomqondo kuthetha ukuba umxholo wemibono kunye nokukhohlisa akubandakanyi imixholo yoxinzelelo. Abanye abantu banokufumana indibaniselwano yeemood-congruent kunye nemixholo ye-mood-incongruent kwimibono yabo yokulukuhla kunye nemibono.

Iimpawu zalo naluphi na uhlobo ziyingozi ngokukhethekileyo, njengoko ubuqhetseba kunye nemibono enokubothusa kwaye inokunyusa umngcipheko wokuzibulala. Ukuchongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nonyango kubalulekile ukuthintela umntu ukuba angazenzakalisi okanye enzakalise abanye.

Zithini iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwengqondo?

Abantu abanexinzelelo lwengqondo baneempawu zoxinzelelo olukhulu kunye neengqondo.

Iimpawu zoxinzelelo olukhulu zibandakanya:

• ukudinwa
• ukucaphuka
• ubunzima bokugxila
• iimvakalelo zokuphelelwa lithemba okanye ukungancedi
• iimvakalelo zokungaxabiseki okanye ukuzithiya
• ukubekwa wedwa koluntu
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla kwimisebenzi xa sele ifunyenwe kumnandi
• ukulala kancinci okanye ukulala kakhulu
• utshintsho kumdla wokutya
• ukunciphisa umzimba ngesiquphe okanye ukutyeba
• iintetho okanye izoyikiso zokuzibulala

I-Psychosis ibonakaliswa kukuphulukana nokunxibelelana nenyani. Iimpawu zengqondo yengqondo zibandakanya ukukhohlisa, okanye iinkolelo zobuxoki kunye nemibono engeyonyani, kunye nemibono, okanye ukubona nokuva izinto ezingekhoyo.

Abanye abantu bahlakulela iinkolelo zobuxoki malunga nempilo yabo, njengokukholelwa ukuba banomdlavuza ngelixa bengenalo. Abanye beva amazwi abagxekayo, bethetha izinto ezinje ngokuba "awulunganga ngokwaneleyo" okanye "awufanelanga kuphila."

Oku kukhohliswa kunye nemibono kubonakala kuyinyani kumntu ohlangabezana nazo. Ngamaxesha athile, zinokubangela ukuba umntu othuke kakhulu azonzakalise yena okanye abanye abantu. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuba umntu onexinzelelo lwengqondo afune uncedo ngokukhawuleza.

Uthintelo lokuzibulala

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu usemngciphekweni wokuzenzakalisa okanye wenzakalise omnye umntu:

• Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni.
• Hlala naloo mntu de kufike uncedo.
• Susa nayiphi na imipu, iimela, amayeza, okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ingozi.
• Mamela, kodwa musa ukugweba, ukuphikisa, ukugrogrisa, okanye ukukhwaza.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu othile ucinga ngokuzibulala, fumana uncedo kwingxaki okanye kumnxeba onqabileyo wokuthintela ukuzibulala. Zama iNqanaba lokuSebenza lokuThintela ukuzibulala ku-800-273-8255.

Imithombo: Ukuzibulala kuThintelo kuZwelonke kunye Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo

Yintoni ebangela uxinzelelo lwengqondo?

Isizathu esona ngqo sokudakumba kwengqondo asaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanosapho okanye imbali yobuqu yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunokwenzeka ukuba baphuhle uxinzelelo lwengqondo. Le meko inokwenzeka yodwa okanye kunye nenye imeko yengqondo.

Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba indibaniselwano yemfuza kunye noxinzelelo kunokuchaphazela ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali ezithile kwingqondo, ezinegalelo kuphuhliso loxinzelelo lwengqondo. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunokubangelwa lutshintsho kubhalansi lwehomoni emzimbeni.

Luchongwa njani uxinzelelo lwengqondo?

Uxinzelelo lwengqondo yimeko enokubangela umntu ukuba azenzakalise okanye enzakalise abanye. Umntu ofumana iimpawu zengqondo okanye umntu okhathalelayo obona iziqendu zengqondo kufuneka anxibelelane nengcali yezempilo yengqondo kwangoko.

Into yokuqala abaya kuyenza xa befumanisa uxinzelelo lwengqondo kukwenza uviwo lomzimba kwaye babuze imibuzo malunga neempawu zomntu kunye nembali yezonyango. Kananjalo baya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo ukulawula ezinye iimeko zonyango ezinokubakho. Ukuba umntu unembali yosapho yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, banokujonga iziqendu zomntu okanye zehypomanic. Olo vavanyo aluqinisekisi okanye lukunciphise ukubakho kwesifo se-bipolar, kodwa kunokubanceda baphephe ukufumanisa isifo ngendlela engeyiyo.

Banokukrokrela uxinzelelo lwengqondo ukuba umntu uneempawu zokudakumba kunye neengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba nzima kubanikezeli bonakekelo lokuqala ukwenza uxilongo oluchanekileyo. Iimpawu zengqondo yengqondo zinokungabonakali, kwaye abantu abasoloko bexela ukuba bafumana ukukhohlisa okanye ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo. Kwezi meko, ukuhanjiswa kugqirha wezifo zengqondo kubonisiwe.

Ukufunyaniswa ukuba unokudakumba okukhulu, umntu kufuneka abe nesiqendu sokudakumba esihlala iiveki ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Kuya kufuneka babe neempawu ezintlanu okanye nangaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuphazamiseka okanye ukusebenza kancinci kwemoto
• utshintsho kwisondlo okanye ubunzima
• ukudakumba
• ubunzima bokugxila
• ukuziva unetyala
• ukulala kancinci okanye ukulala kakhulu
• ukungabikho komdla okanye ukonwaba kuninzi lwemisebenzi
• amandla aphantsi
• iingcinga zokufa okanye ukuzibulala

Ukuchongwa ukuba unesifo sengqondo, umntu kufuneka abonakalise ezi mpawu zoxinzelelo olukhulu kunye neempawu zengqondo, ezinjengokukhohlisa kunye nemibono.

Luthathwa njani uxinzelelo lwengqondo?

Okwangoku akukho lonyango luvunyiweyo lwe-FDA ngokukodwa kuxinzelelo lwengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, imeko inokuthi inyangwe ngokudibanisa amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo kunye neyeza lokuthomalalisa ubuchwephesha okanye unyango lwe-electroconvulsive (ECT). Njengazo naziphi na ezinye iingxaki zengqondo, abantu kunye neentsapho zabo kufuneka baxoxe ngazo zonke iindlela zokhetho kunye nomboneleli wezempilo okanye ingcali yezempilo yengqondo.

Uninzi lweengcali zempilo yezengqondo ziya kumisela indibaniselwano ye-anti-depressants kunye ne-antipsychotic. La mayeza achaphazela ii-neurotransmitters kwingqondo ezihlala zingalingani kubantu abanexinzelelo lwengqondo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) ekhethiweyo, efana ne-fluoxetine (Prozac), isetyenziswa kunye nenye yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• i-olanzapine (iZyprexa)
• iquetiapine (iSeroquel)
• irisperidone (irisperdal)

Nangona kunjalo, la mayeza ahlala ethatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ukuze asebenze.

Abanye abantu abanexinzelelo lwengqondo abanako ukuphendula kumayeza nakwabanye. Kule meko, unyango lwe-electroconvulsive (ECT) lunokufuneka ukuze kupheliswe iimpawu. Eyaziwa nangokuthi unyango lwe-electroshock, i-ECT ibonakalise ukuba yonyango olukhuselekileyo, olusebenzayo kubantu abaneengcinga zokuzibulala kunye neempawu zokudakumba kwengqondo. Ngexesha le-ECT, elenziwa ngokubanzi ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo, imisinga yombane ngexabiso elilawulwayo ithunyelwa kwingqondo. Oku kudala ukubanjwa kancinci, okuchaphazela amanqanaba eeurotransmitters kwingqondo yakho. I-ECT iqhutyelwa esibhedlele phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele.

Kwiimeko ezinzima zoxinzelelo lwengqondo, ukugcinwa esibhedlele kungafuneka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, ngakumbi ukuba kuye kwenziwa naziphi na iinzame zokuzibulala.

Yeyiphi imbonakalo yomntu onoxinzelelo lwengqondo?

Umbono womntu onesifo sokudakumba kwengqondo unokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni balufumana ngokukhawuleza kangakanani unyango. Kwiimeko ezininzi, nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo lwengqondo lunokunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba unoxinzelelo lwengqondo, kuyakufuneka uqhubeke nonyango lwakho kuba amayeza kufuneka athathwe ixesha elide ukuthintela iimpawu ukuba zingabuyi. Uyakufuna kwakhona ukuya kulando olulandelayo ngokuqhubekayo ngexesha lonyango.

Indlela yokuThintela ukuzibulala

Umngcipheko wokuzibulala uphakame kakhulu kubantu abanexinzelelo lwengqondo kunabo banexinzelelo kuphela. Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ukuba uneengcinga zokuzibulala okanye ukwenzakalisa abanye. Ungatsalela umnxeba iNational Lifeline Prevention Lifeline kwi-1-800-273-TALK (8255). Baqeqeshe abasebenzi ukuba bathethe nawe iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki.