Inani elibomvu leSeli yeGazi (RBC)

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zobalo olungaqhelekanga
• Kutheni ndifuna i-RBC count?
• Lwenziwa njani ubalo lweRBC?
• Ndingayilungiselela njani i-RBC count?
• Zithini iingozi zokufumana i-RBC count?
• Luluphi uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-RBC count?
• Kuthetha ntoni ukubala okungaphezulu kokuqhelekileyo?
• Kuthetha ntoni ukubala okungaphantsi kunesiqhelo?
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye nomhlaza wegazi
• Kuthekani ukuba ndineziphumo ezingaqhelekanga?
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
• Utshintsho kwizidlo

Yintoni ubalo lweseli ebomvu?

Inani elibomvu leeseli zegazi luvavanyo lwegazi olusetyenziswa ngugqirha wakho ukufumanisa ukuba zingaphi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (RBCs) onazo. Kwakhona kwaziwa ngokuba yi-erythrocyte count.

Uvavanyo lubalulekile kuba ii-RBCs ziqulathe ihemoglobin, ethwala ioksijini kwizicwili zomzimba wakho. Inani lee-RBCs onalo linokuchaphazela ukuba zingakanani ioksijini ezifunyanwa zizicubu zakho. Izicubu zakho zifuna ioksijini ukuze isebenze.

Iimpawu zobalo olungaqhelekanga

Ukuba inani lakho le-RBC liphezulu kakhulu okanye liphantsi kakhulu, unokufumana iimpawu kunye neengxaki.

Ukuba une-RBC count ephantsi, iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ukudinwa
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• utywala, ubuthathaka, okanye intloko elula, ngakumbi xa utshintsha izikhundla ngokukhawuleza
• ukwanda kwentliziyo
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ulusu oluthuthu

Ukuba une-RBC ephezulu, unokufumana iimpawu ezinje:

• ukudinwa
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• intlungu edibeneyo
• ukuthamba ezintendeni zezandla okanye kwiinyawo
• ukurhawuzelela ulusu, ngakumbi emva kweshawa okanye ibhafu
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala

Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu ugqirha unokuyalela ukubalwa kwe-RBC.

Kutheni ndifuna i-RBC count?

Ngokwe-American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC), uvavanyo phantse luhlala luyinxalenye yovavanyo olupheleleyo lwegazi (CBC). Uvavanyo lwe-CBC lulinganisa inani lazo zonke izinto ezisegazini, kubandakanya:

• iiseli ezibomvu zegazi
• iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi
• hemoglobin
• Unyango
• iiplatelets

Ihemmatocrit yakho ngumthamo weeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni wakho. Uvavanyo lwe-hematocrit luthatha umlinganiso wee-RBCs egazini lakho.

Iiplatelets ziiseli ezincinci ezijikeleza egazini kwaye zenze amahlwili egazi avumela amanxeba ukuba aphile kwaye akhusele ukopha kakhulu.

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unemeko echaphazela ii-RBCs zakho, okanye ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zeoksijini ephantsi yegazi. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• ukutshintsha umbala luhlaza
• ukudideka
• ukucaphuka nokungazinzi
• ukuphefumla okungaqhelekanga

Uvavanyo lwe-CBC luya kuhlala luyinxalenye yovavanyo lomzimba oluqhelekileyo. Inokuba sisalathiso sempilo yakho iyonke. Inokwenziwa kwakhona ngaphambi kotyando.

Ukuba unesifo segazi esichongiweyo esinokuchaphazela ukubala kwe-RBC, okanye uthatha nawaphi na amayeza achaphazela ii-RBCs zakho, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo ukuba lujonge imeko yakho okanye unyango. Oogqirha banokusebenzisa iimvavanyo zeCBC ukujonga iimeko ezinje ngeleukemia kunye nosulelo lwegazi.

Lwenziwa njani ubalo lweRBC?

Inani le-RBC luvavanyo lwegazi olulula olwenziwa kwi-ofisi kagqirha wakho. Ugqirha uza kutsala igazi kwimithambo yakho, ihlala ingaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho. Amanyathelo abandakanyekayo ekutsaleni kwegazi ngala:

• Umboneleli wezempilo uya kuyicoca indawo yokubhoboza ngesibulali ntsholongwane.
• Baza kusongela ibhanti e-elastic malunga nengalo yakho ephezulu ukwenza umthambo wakho udumbe ligazi.
• Baya kufaka ngobumnene inaliti emthanjeni wakho kwaye baqokelele igazi kwi-vial okanye ityhubhu eqhotyoshelweyo.
• Baya kuthi emva koko basuse inaliti kunye nebhanti e-elastic engalweni yakho.
• Umboneleli wezempilo uya kuthumela isampuli yegazi lakho elabhoratri ukuze ihlolwe.

Ndingayilungiselela njani i-RBC count?

Ngokwesiqhelo akukho lungiselelo lukhethekileyo lufunekayo kolu vavanyo. Kodwa kuya kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuba uthatha amayeza. Oku kubandakanya naziphi na iziyobisi okanye ii-supplements.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuba nakho ukukuxelela ngezinye izinto eziyimfuneko.

Zithini iingozi zokufumana i-RBC count?

Njengalo naluphi na uvavanyo lwegazi, kukho umngcipheko wokopha, ukugruzuka, okanye usulelo kwindawo yokubhoboza. Unokuziva uqaqanjelwa ziintlungu okanye uvakalelo olubukhali xa inaliti ingena engalweni yakho.

Luluphi uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-RBC count?

Ngokwe-Leukemia kunye neLymphoma Society:

• Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-RBC yamadoda yi-4.7 ukuya kwi-6.1 yezigidi zeeseli nge-microliter (mcL).
• Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-RBC yabasetyhini abangakhulelwanga yi-4.2 ukuya kwi-5.4 yezigidi ze-mcL.
• Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-RBC yabantwana yi-4.0 ukuya kwi-5.5 yezigidi ze-mcL.

Olu luhlu lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwilabhoratri okanye kugqirha.

Kuthetha ntoni ukubala okungaphezulu kokuqhelekileyo?

Une-erythrocytosis ukuba ubalo lwakho lwe-RBC luphezulu kunesiqhelo. Oku kunokuba ngenxa:

• ukutshaya icuba
• isifo sentliziyo esibelekwe
• ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• i-renal cell carcinoma, uhlobo lomhlaza wezintso
• i-fibrosis yemiphunga
• I-polycythemia vera, isifo somongo wethambo esibangela ukuveliswa ngaphezulu kwee-RBCs kwaye sinxulunyaniswa notshintsho kwimfuzo

Xa usiya kwindawo ephezulu, ukubala kwakho kwe-RBC kunokunyuka kwiiveki ezininzi kuba kukho ioksijini encinci emoyeni.

Ezinye iziyobisi ezinjenge-gentamicin kunye ne-methyldopa zingalonyusa inani lakho le-RBC. I-Gentamicin yintsholongwane esetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwebacteria egazini.

I-Methyldopa ihlala isetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi. Isebenza ngokuphumla kwimithambo yegazi ukuvumela igazi ukuba ligele ngokulula emzimbeni. Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho malunga nalo naliphi na iyeza olithathayo.

Inani eliphezulu le-RBC linokubangelwa kukuphefumula kokulala, i-pulmonary fibrosis, kunye nezinye iimeko ezibangela amanqanaba eoksijini asezantsi egazini.

Ukunyusa ukusebenza kweziyobisi ezinje ngenaliti yeprotein kunye nee-anabolic steroids zinokunyusa ii-RBCs. Isifo sezintso kunye nomhlaza wezintso kungakhokelela kubalo oluphezulu lwe-RBC ngokunjalo.

Kuthetha ntoni ukubala okungaphantsi kunesiqhelo?

Ukuba inani lee-RBCs lingaphantsi kunesiqhelo, kunokubangelwa ngu:

• ianemia
• ukusilela komongo wethambo
• Ukunqongophala kwe-erythropoietin, engoyena nobangela uphambili we-anemia kwizigulana ezinesifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo
• i-hemolysis, okanye i-RBC intshabalalo ebangelwa kukumpontshelwa kunye nokulimala kwenqanawa yegazi
• ukopha ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle
• Ileukemia
• ukungondleki
• I-myeloma emininzi, umhlaza wamaseli e-plasma kumongo wethambo
• ukusilela kwesondlo, kubandakanya ukusilela kwentsimbi, ubhedu, ifolate, kunye neevithamini B-6 kunye neB-12
• ukukhulelwa
• iingxaki zedlala lengqula

Amanye amachiza anokuhlisa ukubala kwe-RBC, ngakumbi:

• iziyobisi chemotherapy
• I-chloramphenicol, enyanga izifo zentsholongwane
• quinidine, enokunyanga ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga
• ii-hydantoins, eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo sokuxhuzula kunye nokuqaqanjelwa yimisipha

Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye nomhlaza wegazi

Umhlaza wegazi unokuchaphazela ukuveliswa kunye nokusebenza kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Banokukhokelela kumanqanaba eRBC angaqhelekanga.

Uhlobo ngalunye lomhlaza wegazi lunefuthe elilodwa kubalo lwe-RBC. Ezi ntlobo zintathu ziphambili zomhlaza wegazi zezi:

• i-leukemia, ephazamisa amandla omongo wethambo wokuvelisa iiplatelets kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi
• i-lymphoma, echaphazela iiseli ezimhlophe zamajoni omzimba
• i-myeloma, ethintela ukuveliswa okuqhelekileyo kwee-antibodies

Kuthekani ukuba ndineziphumo ezingaqhelekanga?

Ugqirha wakho uya kuthetha nawe ngazo naziphi na iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga. Kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo, banokufuna uku-odola iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo.

Oku kunokubandakanya i-smears yegazi, apho kuvavanywa khona ifilimu yegazi lakho phantsi kwemicroscope. I-smears yegazi inokunceda ekufumaneni ukungaqheleki kwiiseli zegazi (ezinjengearheng cell anemia), ukuphazamiseka kweeseli ezimhlophe njengeleukemia, kunye neeparasites ezibangelwa ligazi njengemalariya.

I-Anemia yimeko apho kungekho ngokwaneleyo iiseli ezibomvu ezisempilweni zokuhambisa ioksijini kuwo wonke umzimba. Iindidi ze-anemia zibandakanya:

• i-anemia yokuswela i-iron, ehlala inyangwa ngokulula
• I-sickle cell anemia, ekhokelela kwiiseli ezibomvu ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga ezifa msinya
• i-vitamin deficiency anemia, edla ngokusuka kumanqanaba asezantsi e-vitamin B-12

Zonke iintlobo ze-anemia zifuna unyango. Abantu abane-anemia baziva bediniwe kwaye babuthathaka. Banokuphathwa yintloko ebandayo, izandla ezibandayo neenyawo, isiyezi, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.

Umongo wethambo we-biopsy ungabonisa ukuba iiseli ezahlukeneyo zegazi lakho zenziwe njani kumongo wethambo lakho. Iimvavanyo zokuchonga, ezinje ngee-ultrasound okanye ii-electrocardiograms, zinokujonga iimeko ezichaphazela izintso okanye intliziyo.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila

Ukutshintsha indlela yokuphila kunokuchaphazela ubalo lwakho lweRBC. Olunye lolu tshintsho lubandakanya:

• ukugcina ukutya okusempilweni kunye nokuphepha ukusilela kweevithamini
• ukuzilolonga rhoqo, okufuna ukuba umzimba usebenzise ioksijini engaphezulu
• ukuphepha iasprini
• ukuphepha ukutshaya

Unokwazi ukunciphisa i-RBC yakho ngolu tshintsho lwendlela yokuphila ilandelayo:

• ukunciphisa inani lesinyithi kunye nenyama ebomvu oyityayo
• ukusela amanzi ngakumbi
• ukuphepha i-diuretics, njengeziphuzo ezine-caffeine okanye utywala
• ukuyeka ukutshaya

Utshintsho kwizidlo

Utshintsho ekudleni lunokudlala indima enkulu kunyango lwasekhaya ngokwandisa okanye ukunciphisa inani le-RBC.

Unokwazi ukwandisa i-RBC yakho ngolu tshintsho lulandelayo lokutya:

• ukongeza ukutya okutyebileyo ngentsimbi (njengenyama, intlanzi, inkukhu), kunye neembotyi ezomisiweyo, ii-ertyisi, kunye nemifuno eluhlaza enamagqabi (njengespinatshi) ekudleni kwakho
• ukonyusa ubhedu ekutyeni kwakho ngokutya okufana neqokobhe, iinkukhu kunye namandongomane
• Ukufumana ivithamini B-12 ngakumbi ngokutya okufana namaqanda, inyama, kunye neesiriyeli eziqinisiweyo