Konke malunga neNkqubo yoPhefumlo lwaBantu

Umxholo

• I-Anatomy kunye nomsebenzi
• Indawo ephezulu yokuphefumla
• Indlela yokuphefumla esezantsi
• Iimeko eziqhelekileyo
• Iimeko zokuphefumla eziphezulu
• Iimeko zendlela yokuphefumla esezantsi
• Unyango
• Usulelo lwebhakteria
• Usulelo lwentsholongwane
• Iimeko ezingapheliyo
• Nini ukubona ugqirha
• Umgca wezantsi

Inkqubo yokuphefumla inoxanduva lokutshintshiselana nge-carbon dioxide kunye neoksijini emzimbeni womntu. Le nkqubo inceda nokususa iimveliso zenkunkuma kunye nokugcina amanqanaba e-pH.

Iindawo eziphambili zenkqubo yokuphefumla zibandakanya indawo yokuphefumla ephezulu kunye nephepha lokuphefumla elisezantsi.

Kule nqaku, siza kuphanda konke malunga nenkqubo yokuphefumula komntu, kubandakanya iindawo kunye nemisebenzi, kunye neemeko eziqhelekileyo ezinokuchaphazela.

I-Anatomy kunye nomsebenzi

Yonke inkqubo yokuphefumla iqulethe amaphecana amabini: icandelo eliphezulu lokuphefumla kunye nephepha lokuphefumla elisezantsi. Njengoko amagama esitsho, indawo ephezulu yokuphefumla iqulethe yonke into engaphezulu kwemiqolomba yezwi, kunye nephetshana lokuphefumla elisezantsi libandakanya yonke into engaphantsi kweefolda.

La maphecana mabini asebenza kunye ukwenza ukuphefumla, okanye inkqubo yokutshintsha i-carbon dioxide kunye neoksijini phakathi komzimba wakho nomoya ojikeleze umhlaba.

Ukusuka empumlweni ukuya emiphungeni, izinto ezahlukeneyo zendlela yokuphefumla zidlala ngokulinganayo kodwa zibalulekile kwindima yonke yokuphefumla.

Indawo ephezulu yokuphefumla

Indawo ephezulu yokuphefumla iqala ngee-sinus kunye ne-nasal cavity, zombini ezikwindawo esemva kwempumlo.

• Inkqubo ye- impumlo yindawo ethe ngqo ngasemva kwempumlo evumela umoya wangaphandle ungene emzimbeni. Njengoko umoya ufika ngeempumlo, udibana ne-cilia embombo wempumlo. Ezi cilia zinceda ukubamba kunye nokulahla naziphi na izinto zangaphandle.
• Inkqubo ye- sinuses ziindawo zomoya ngasemva kwekhakhayi lakho elibekwe ngapha nangapha kwempumlo nakubunzi. Izono zinceda ukulawula ubushushu bomoya njengoko uphefumla.

Ukongeza ekungeneni ngeempumlo, umoya ungangena nasemlonyeni. Nje ukuba umoya ungene emzimbeni, uye ungene kwinxalenye esezantsi yenkqubo yokuphefumla ephezulu kunye ne-pharynx kunye ne-larynx.

• Inkqubo ye- pharynx, okanye umqala, uvumela ukudlula komoya ukusuka kwimpumlo yomlomo okanye emlonyeni uye kwingqula nakwitrachea.
• Inkqubo ye- Ingqula, okanye ibhokisi yelizwi, iqulethe iifolda ezifunekayo ukuze sikwazi ukuthetha nokwenza izandi.

Emva kokuba umoya ungene kwingqula, uyaqhubeka uye ezantsi kumatshini wokuphefumla, oqala kwitrachea.

Indlela yokuphefumla esezantsi

• Inkqubo ye- trachea, okanye umbhobho womoya, yipaseji evumela umoya ukuba uye ngqo emiphungeni. Le tyhubhu iqine kakhulu kwaye yenziwe ngamakhonkco amaninzi. Nantoni na ebangela ukuba i-trachea inciphise, njengokuvuvukala okanye ukuphazamiseka, iya kuthintela ukuhamba kweoksijini kwimiphunga.

Umsebenzi ophambili wemiphunga kukutshintshisa ioksijini ngekhabhon diokside. Xa siphefumla, imiphunga ikhupha ioksijini ize ikhuphe nekhabhon diokside.

• Emiphungeni, iitrachea zihamba ziye kubini bronchi, okanye iityhubhu ezikhokelela kumphunga ngamnye. Ezi bronchi ke ziyaqhubeka nokwenza isebe liye kuncinci bronchioles. Okokugqibela, ezi bronchioles ziphela alveoli, okanye iingxowa zomoya, ezinoxanduva lokutshintshisa ioksijini kunye nekhabhon diokside.

I-Carbon dioxide kunye neoksijini zitshintshelwa kwi-alveoli ngala manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Iimpompo zentliziyo deoxygenated igazi kwimiphunga. Eli gazi lingenawo amandla ane-carbon dioxide, eyimveliso ephuma kwimetabolism yeselula yemihla ngemihla.
2. Nje ukuba igazi elingenayo i-deoxygenated lifike kwi-alveoli, ikhupha i-carbon dioxide ukuze itshintshe i-oxygen. Igazi ngoku lifakwe ioksijini.
3. Igazi elineoksijini emva koko lihamba lisuka emiphungeni libuyele entliziyweni, apho libuyiselwe khona kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi.

Kunye notshintshiselwano lwezimbiwa kwizintso, olu tshintshiselwano lwekhabhon dayoksayidi kwimiphunga ikwanoxanduva lokunceda ukugcina ulungelelwaniso lwe-pH yegazi.

Iimeko eziqhelekileyo

Iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye neemeko zokuzimela komzimba zingabangela izifo zenkqubo yokuphefumula. Ezinye izifo zokuphefumla kunye neemeko zichaphazela kuphela indawo ephezulu, ngelixa ezinye zichaphazela ikakhulu ezantsi.

Iimeko zokuphefumla eziphezulu

• Izifo zomzimba. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-allergies, kubandakanya i-allergies yokutya, i-allergies yamaxesha athile, kunye ne-allergies yesikhumba, enokuthi ichaphazele indawo ephezulu yokuphefumla. Ezinye izifo zibangela iimpawu ezinobumnene, ezinjengeempumlo ezixineneyo, ukuxinana, okanye umqala obuhlungu. Ukunganyangeki okunzulu kunokukhokelela kwi-anaphylaxis kunye nokuvalwa kweendlela zomoya.
• Okubandayo Okunye. Ingqele eqhelekileyo sisifo sokuphefumla esinokubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezingaphezu kwama-200. Iimpawu zokubanda okuqhelekileyo zibandakanya ukuvuza okanye impumlo exineneyo, ukuxinana, uxinzelelo kwizono, umqala obuhlungu, nokunye.
• Laryngitis. I-Laryngitis yimeko eyenzekayo xa i-larynx okanye iintambo zezwi zivutha. Le meko inokubangelwa kukucaphuka, usulelo, okanye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa. Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo kukuphulukana nelizwi kunye nomqala.
• Pharyngitis. Eyaziwa nangokuthi ngumqala obuhlungu, i-pharyngitis kukudumba kwe-pharynx ebangelwa ziintsholongwane okanye usulelo lwentsholongwane. Umqala obuhlungu, owomileyo, owomileyo luphawu oluphambili lwe-pharyngitis. Oku kunokuhamba kunye neempawu ezibandayo okanye zomkhuhlane ezinjengeempumlo ezibalekayo, ukukhohlela, okanye ukuvutha.
• Isinusitis. Sinusitis kunokuba zombini etsolo kwaye ezingapheliyo. Le meko ibonakaliswa ngokudumba, inwebu edumbileyo kwi ngeempumlo kunye sinuses. Iimpawu zibandakanya ukuxinana, uxinzelelo lwe-sinus, i-mucus drainage, kunye nokunye.

Iimeko zendlela yokuphefumla esezantsi

• Isifo sombefu. Isifo sombefu sisifo esinganyangekiyo esidla ngokuchaphazela umoya. Oku kudumba kubangela ukuba iindlela zomoya zinciphise, zona zibangele ubunzima bokuphefumla. Iimpawu zesifo se-asthma zingabandakanya ukuphefumla okufutshane, ukukhwehlela kunye nokuvutha. Ukuba ezi mpawu ziba nzima ngokwaneleyo, zinokuba sisifo se-asthma.
• IBronchitis. I-Bronchitis yimeko ebonakaliswa kukudumba kwemibhobho ye-bronchial. Iimpawu zale meko zihlala ziziva ngathi ziimpawu ezibandayo ekuqaleni, emva koko ziguquke zibe sisikhohlela esivelisayo. I-Bronchitis ingaba nzima (ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezili-10) okanye ingapheliyo (iiveki eziliqela kwaye ziphindaphindiweyo).
• Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD). I-COPD ligama lesambulela kwiqela lezifo ezingapheliyo, eziqhubela phambili zemiphunga, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yile bronchitis kunye ne-emphysema. Ixesha elingaphezulu, ezi meko zingakhokelela ekonakaleni komoya kunye nemiphunga. Ukuba azinyangwa, zinokubangela ezinye izifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumla. Iimpawu zeCOPD zibandakanya:
  • ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
  • ukuqina kwesifuba
  • ukuvutha
  • ukukhohlela
  • usulelo oluphefumlayo rhoqo
• I-Emphysema. I-Emphysema yimeko eyonakalisa i-alveoli yemiphunga kwaye ibangele ukwehla kwenani lokujikeleza kweoksijini. I-Emphysema yimeko enganyangekiyo, enganyangekiyo. Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo kukudinwa, ukwehla kobunzima, kunye nokunyuka kwentliziyo.
• Umhlaza wemiphunga. Umhlaza wemiphunga luhlobo lomhlaza okhoyo kwimiphunga. Umhlaza wemiphunga wahlukile ngokuxhomekeke apho umhlaza ubakhona, njengakwi-alveoli okanye kumoya womoya. Iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga zibandakanya ukuphefumla kancinci kunye nokuphefumla, okuhamba kunye nentlungu yesifuba, ukukhwehlela okukhoyo egazini, kunye nokwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga.
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga. I-pneumonia sisifo esibangela ukuba i-alveoli idumbe bubofu kunye nolwelo. I-SARS, okanye isifo esibukhali sokuphefumla, kunye ne-COVID-19 zombini zibangela iimpawu ezifana ne-pneumonia, ezibini ezibangelwa yi-coronavirus. Olu sapho ludityaniswe nezinye izifo ezomeleleyo zokuphefumla. Ukuba ayinyangwa, inyumoniya inokubulala. Iimpawu zibandakanya ukuphefumla kancinci, iintlungu zesifuba, ukukhohlela nge-mucus, kunye nokunye.

Kukho ezinye iimeko kunye nezifo ezinokuchaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla, kodwa iimeko eziqhelekileyo zidweliswe apha ngasentla.

Unyango

Unyango lweemeko zokuphefumla luyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokugula.

Usulelo lwebhakteria

Usulelo lwebhakteria olukhokelela kwiimeko zokuphefumla ludinga unyango. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane angathathwa njengeepilisi, iicapsule, okanye ulwelo.

Xa uthatha ii-antibiotics, ziyasebenza ngokukhawuleza. Nokuba uqala ukuziva ubhetele, kuya kufuneka usoloko uthatha ikhosi yezibulala-ntsholongwane omiselwe zona.

Usulelo lwebacteria lunokubandakanya:

• Ingqula
• pharyngitis
• sinusitis
• inyumoniya
• ukukrala kwemiphunga

Usulelo lwentsholongwane

Ngokungafaniyo nosulelo lwebacteria, akukho lunyango ngokubanzi lwezifo zokuphefumla kwintsholongwane. Endaweni yoko, kufuneka ulinde umzimba wakho ukuba ulwe usulelo lwentsholongwane uwedwa. Amayeza e-over-the-counter (OTC) anokubonelela ngesiqabu kwiimpawu kwaye uvumele umzimba wakho uphumle.

Ingqele eqhelekileyo kunye ne-laryngitis yentsholongwane, i-pharyngitis, i-sinusitis, i-bronchitis, okanye inyumoniya inokuthatha ngaphezulu kweeveki ezininzi ukuze iphinde ibuye kwakhona.

Iimeko ezingapheliyo

Ezinye iimeko zenkqubo yokuphefumla azinyangeki kwaye azinyangeki. Kule miqathango, kugxilwe ekulawuleni iimpawu zokugula.

• Ukunyanga okuncinci, I-OTC yokunyanga amayeza anokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu.
• Isifuba, i-inhaler kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila zinokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye ne-flare-ups.
• YeCOPD, Unyango lubandakanya amayeza kunye noomatshini abanokunceda imiphunga iphefumle lula.
• Ngomhlaza wemiphunga, utyando, imitha, kunye nekhemotherapy zonke iindlela zonyango.

Nini ukubona ugqirha

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu zentsholongwane, intsholongwane, okanye izifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumla, tyelela ugqirha wakho. Banokujonga imiqondiso empumlweni nasemlonyeni wakho, bamamele izandi kwiindlela zakho zomoya, kwaye baqhube uvavanyo oluninzi lokuqonda ukuba unalo na uhlobo lwesifo sokuphefumla.

Umgca wezantsi

Inkqubo yokuphefumla komntu inoxanduva lokunceda ukubonelela ngeoksijini kwiiseli, ukususa i-carbon dioxide emzimbeni, kunye nokulinganisa i-pH yegazi.

Indlela yokuphefumla ephezulu kunye nephepha lokuphefumla elisezantsi zombini zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kutshintshiselwano lweoksijini kunye nekhabhon diokside.

Xa intsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya zingena emzimbeni, zinokubangela ukugula kunye neemeko ezikhokelela kukudumba kwamaphecana okuphefumla.

Ukuba unenkxalabo yokuba unesifo sokuphefumla, tyelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumane isifo esisemthethweni kunye nonyango.