Ukubuyela umva komkhuhlane

Ukuphindaphinda umkhuhlane yintsholongwane yebhaktiriya ehanjiswa yintwala okanye umkhaza. Ibonakaliswa ngeziqendu eziphindaphindiweyo zomkhuhlane.

Ukubuyela umva komkhuhlane sisifo esibangelwa ziintlobo ezininzi zebacteria kusapho lwe-borrelia.

Zimbini iindlela eziphambili zokubuyela umva komkhuhlane:

• Umkhuhlane obuyela umva kwitikiti (TBRF) usasazeka ngophawu lwe-ornithodoros. Yenzeka e-Afrika, eSpain, eSaudi Arabia, eAsia, nakwimimandla ethile kwintshona yeUnited States naseKhanada. Iintlobo zebhaktheriya ezinxulumene ne-TBRF zezi IBorrelia duttoni, IBorrelia hermsii, kunye IBorrelia parkerii.
• Umkhuhlane obuyela umva kwiintwala (i-LBRF) udluliselwa ziintwala zomzimba. Ixhaphake kakhulu eAsia, eAfrika, nakuMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika. Iintlobo zebhaktheriya ezinxulumene ne-LBRF Ukuphindaphinda kweBorrelia.

Umkhuhlane ngesiquphe uvela kwisithuba seeveki ezi-2 zosulelo.

• Kwi-TRBF, iziqendu ezininzi zomkhuhlane zenzeka, kwaye nganye inokuthi ifike kwiintsuku ezi-3. Abantu abanakho ukuba nomkhuhlane ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezi-2, emva koko ubuye.
• Kwi-LBRF, umkhuhlane uhlala iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6. Ihlala ilandelwa sisiqwengana esinye, esinamandla somkhuhlane.

Kuzo zombini iifom, isiqendu somkhuhlane singaphela "kwintlekele." Oku kubandakanya ukugungxwa kukugodola, kulandele ukubila okukhulu, iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi. Eli nqanaba linokubangela ukufa.

E-United States, i-TBRF ihlala ivela kwintshona yoMlambo iMississippi, ngakumbi kwiintaba zaseNtshona kunye neentlango eziphakamileyo kunye namathafa akumazantsi mpuma. Kwiintaba zaseCalifornia, eUtah, eArizona, eNew Mexico, eColorado, eOregon naseWashington, usulelo lubangelwa ngu- IBorrelia hermsii kwaye zihlala zicholwa kwiikhabhathi emahlathini. Umngcipheko ngoku unokungena kumazantsi mpuma eUnited States.

I-LBRF ikakhulu sisifo samazwe asaphuhlayo. Okwangoku ibonwa e-Ethiopia nase-Sudan. Indlala, imfazwe, kunye nokuhamba kwamaqela eembacu kuhlala kukhokelela kubhubhane we-LBRF.

Iimpawu zokuphindaphinda umkhuhlane zibandakanya:

• Ukopha
• Coma
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Iintlungu ezidibeneyo, iintlungu zemisipha
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukuhlahlela kwicala elinye lobuso (i-facial droop)
• Intamo elukhuni
• Ngequbuliso umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukugungqa ukugodola, ukubamba
• Ukuhlanza
• Ubuthathaka, ukungazinzi ngelixa uhamba

Ukubuyela umva komkhuhlane kufuneka kurhanelwe ukuba umntu ovela kwindawo enobungozi kakhulu uphindaphindiwe ngumkhuhlane. Oku kuyinyani ubukhulu becala ukuba ifiva ilandelwa linqanaba "lengxaki", kwaye ukuba umntu ebekhe wafunyanwa ziintwala okanye amakhalane athambileyo.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• I-smear yegazi ukumisela unobangela wosulelo
• Uvavanyo lwe-antibody yegazi (ngamanye amaxesha luyasetyenziswa, kodwa uluncedo lwazo lilinganiselwe)

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kubandakanya ipenicillin kunye neetetracycline zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga le meko.

Abantu abakule meko abaphuhlise isiqaqa, ukudumba kwentliziyo, iingxaki zesibindi, okanye inyumoniya kunokwenzeka ukuba bafe. Ngokunyanga kwangaphambili, izinga lokufa liyancipha.

Ezi ngxaki zinokwenzeka:

• Ukujongwa kobuso
• Coma
• Iingxaki zesibindi
• Ukudumba kwethishu encinci ejikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo womqolo
• Ukudumba kwentliziyo yemisipha, enokuthi ikhokelele kwinqanaba lentliziyo elingaqhelekanga
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Ukuxhuzula
• Isiporho
• Umothuko onxulumene nokuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (iJarisch-Herxheimer reaction, apho ukusweleka ngokukhawuleza kwamanani amakhulu kakhulu ebacteria ye-borrelia kubangela ukothuka)
• Ubuthathaka
• Ukopha okuxhaphakileyo

Qhagamshelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngokukhawuleza ukuba uhlakulela umkhuhlane emva kokubuya kuhambo. Usulelo olunokwenzeka kufuneka luphandwe ngexesha.

Ukunxiba iimpahla ezigqume ngokupheleleyo iingalo nemilenze xa ungaphandle kunokunceda ukuthintela usulelo lwe-TBRF. Ukugxotha izinambuzane ezinje nge-DEET kulusu nakwimpahla nayo iyasebenza. Ukulawulwa kwamakhalane kunye neentwala kwiindawo ezinobungozi kakhulu yenye indlela ebalulekileyo yempilo yoluntu.

Ukukhathaza ukubuyela umva komkhuhlane; Umkhuhlane obuyela umva kwintwala

IHorton JM. Ukubuyela umva komkhuhlane okubangelwa ziintlobo ze-borrelia. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. UMandell, uDouglas, kunye neMigaqo yeBennett kunye nokuSebenza kwezifo ezosulelayo, uHlelo oluHlaziyiweyo. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 242.

UPetri WA. Ukubuyela umva komkhuhlane kunye nolunye usulelo lwe-borrelia. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 322.