Unyango lweSchema lunokukunceda njani ukuba uhlengahlengise iipatheni eziyingozi

Umxholo

• Zithini ezona mfuno ziphambili zomntwana?
• Zithini izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo?
• Ngaba loluphi uhlobo lweendlela zokumelana nazo ezenziwa zizikim?
• Ukunikezela
• Ukuphepha
• Ukuhlawulwa ngokugqithisileyo
• Zithini iindlela zeshema?
• Zithini iinjongo zonyango lwe-schema?
• Zeziphi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo?
• Iimvakalelo
• Ukunxibelelana
• Ukuqonda
• Ukuziphatha
• Yeyiphi imida yonyango lwe-schema?
• Ndingaluzama njani unyango lwe-schema?

Unyango lweSchema luhlobo olutsha lonyango oludibanisa izinto zonyango lokuziphatha (i-CBT), i-psychoanalysis, ithiyori yokuncamathisela, kunye nonyango olujolise kwiimvakalelo, phakathi kwabanye.

Yindlela yokudibanisa ejolise ekunyangeni ukuphazamiseka kobuntu kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezingasoloko ziphendula kwezinye iindlela zonyango. Inokuba luncedo ngakumbi kunyango lomda wobuntu.

Unyango lwe-schema, uyakusebenza kunye nonyango ukuze uveze kwaye uqonde izkim zakho, ngamanye amaxesha ezibizwa ngokuba zii-schemas zokuqala ezingalunganga.

I-Schemas ziipatheni ezingancediyo ezithi ziphuhle abanye abantu ukuba iimfuno zabo zeemvakalelo azifezekiswa njengomntwana.

Ezi schemas zinokukuchaphazela kubomi bakho bonke kwaye zibe negalelo kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezinengxaki kunye nokuziphatha ukuba azilungiswa.

Unyango lwe-Schema lujolise ekukufundiseni ngendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zakho zeemvakalelo zifezekisiwe ngendlela esempilweni engabangeli uxinzelelo.

Zithini ezona mfuno ziphambili zomntwana?

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lweeshemas kukungabikho kweemfuno zakho ezingokweemvakalelo njengomntwana.

Ezi mfuno zingundoqo zibandakanya:

• imvakalelo yokukhuseleka kunye nokuncamathiselwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwabanye
• uluvo lokuzazisa kunye nokuzimela
• inkululeko yokuchaza indlela oziva ngayo kwaye ubuze into oyifunayo kwabanye
• ukukwazi ukudlala kunye nokuzenzekelayo
• ukhuseleko, iminyaka efanelekileyo kunye nemida

Ukongeza, zine iindidi zamava amabi anokuba negalelo kuphuhliso lwezikim. Oku kubandakanya:

• Iimfuno ezingazalisekiswanga. Oku kunokwenzeka xa ungafumani uthando kubakhathaleli okanye usilele ukuhlangabezana nezinye iimfuno ezingokweemvakalelo ezingundoqo.
• Ukuxhatshazwa okanye ukuxhatshazwa. Oku kuchaza imeko xa wawufumana ukuxhatshazwa, umothuko, okanye uxinzelelo olufanayo.
• Ukuzixakekisa okanye ukusilela kwemida. Kule meko, abazali bakho banokuba bebekhusela kakhulu okanye begqithe kakhulu. Isenokungakubeki imida efanelekileyo.
• Ukuchongwa okukhethiweyo kunye nokufakwa ngaphakathi. Oku kubhekisa kwindlela othatha ngayo ezinye zezimo zengqondo zabazali bakho okanye indlela abaziphethe ngayo. Unokuchonga ezinye zazo kwaye ungene ngaphakathi kwezinye. Ezinye zinokukhula zibe siskimu, ngelixa ezinye zikhula zibe ziindlela, zikwabizwa ngokuba ziindlela zokukopisha.

Zithini izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo?

I-Schemas zihlala zikhula ebuntwaneni kwaye zihlala zimelana notshintsho. Kodwa ukushiywa kungalawulwa, ii-schemas zinokubangela iipateni ezimbi ezihlala zomelezwa kukunxibelelana okungenampilo.

Nje ukuba uhlakulele ischema, inokuchaphazela iingcinga kunye nezenzo zakho ngokungazi ngenjongo zokuthintela uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo. Ngelixa oku kuvakala ngathi kunokuba luncedo, iindlela zokujongana nezikimu ezenziwayo zihlala zingenampilo okanye ziyingozi.

Uninzi lwabantu ludla ngokuphuhlisa ngaphezulu kweschema enye.

Iingcali zichonge ii-schemas ezili-18, kodwa zonke ziwela kwelinye lala mahlelo okanye iindawo ezintlanu:

• I-Domain I, ukunqunyulwa kunye nokwaliwa, Kubandakanya ii-schemas ezenza kube nzima ukuphucula ubudlelwane obunempilo.
• Domain II, ukuzimela okungalunganga kunye nokusebenza, zibandakanya ii-schemas ezenza ukuba kube nzima ukuphucula amandla okusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwihlabathi njengomntu omdala.
• Domain III, umda ongalunganga, kubandakanya izkim ezichaphazela ukuzithiba kunye nokukwazi ukuhlonipha imida kunye nemida.
• I-Domain IV, olunye ulwalathiso, ibandakanya ii-schemas ezikhokelela ekubeni ubeke phambili iimfuno zabanye ngaphezulu kwezakho.
• I-Domain V, ukongamela kunye nokuthintela, kubandakanya izkim zokubeka phambili ngokubaluleka ukunqanda ukusilela okanye iimpazamo ngokulumkisa, ngemithetho, nangokungahoyi iminqweno okanye iimvakalelo.

Ngaba loluphi uhlobo lweendlela zokumelana nazo ezenziwa zizikim?

Kunyango lwe-schema, iimpendulo zakho kwizikim ziyaziwa njengezindlela zokukopa. Oku kunokubandakanya iingcinga, iimvakalelo, okanye isimilo. Zikhula njengendlela yokuphepha iimvakalelo ezibuhlungu nezonganyelweyo ngenxa yeschema ethile.

Izimbo zokumelana nazo zinokuba luncedo ebuntwaneni, njengoko zibonelela ngeendlela zokuphila. Kodwa ebudaleni, banokuqinisa izkim.

Akukho mithetho iqinileyo malunga nokuba yeyiphi na i-schemas ekhokelela kwiindlela ezithile zokukopa. Indlela yakho yokujamelana noku isenokuxhomekeka kubume bakho obupheleleyo okanye nakwindlela ohlangabezana ngayo nokufunda nabazali bakho.

Ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Abantu ababini banokuphendula kwischema efanayo ngesitayile esifanayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokufanayo, abantu ababini abane-schema efanayo banokuphendula ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

Isitayile sakho sokukopa sinokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, nangona usajongana neschema efanayo.

Ezi ndlela zintathu ziphambili zokukopisha zihambelana ngokukhululekileyo nomlo-okanye-inqwelomoya okanye impendulo yomkhenkce:

Ukunikezela

Oku kubandakanya ukwamkela ischema kunye nokunikezela kuyo. Ihlala ikhokelela ekuziphatheni okuqinisa okanye okuqhubekayo kwipateni yeschema.

Umzekelo, ukuba unikezela kwischema esenziwe ngenxa yokungahoywa ngokweemvakalelo njengomntwana, unokufumana kamva kubudlelwane obubandakanya ukungakhathalelwa ngokweemvakalelo.

Ukuphepha

Oku kubandakanya ukuzama ukuhlala ngaphandle kokwenza ischema. Unokuyiphepha imisebenzi okanye iimeko ezinokubangela okanye uzive usengozini.

Ukuthintela i-schema sakho kunokukushiya uthambekele ekusebenziseni iziyobisi, indlela eyingozi okanye yokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ezinikezela ukuphazamiseka.

Ukuhlawulwa ngokugqithisileyo

Oku kubandakanya ukuzama ukulwa ne-schema ngokwenza ngokuchasene ngokupheleleyo nayo. Oku kunokubonakala ngathi kuyimpendulo esempilweni kwischema, kodwa ukuhlawulwa ngokugqithisileyo ngokubanzi kuhamba kakhulu.

Ihlala ikhokelela kwizenzo okanye kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezibonakala zinoburharha, zifuna ngenkani, zingakhathali, okanye zigqithisile ngandlela thile. Oku kungathintela ubudlelwane bakho nabanye.

Zithini iindlela zeshema?

Kunyango lwe-schema, imowudi yengqondo yexeshana ebandakanya zombini imeko yakho yeemvakalelo kunye nendlela ojongana nayo.

Ngamanye amagama, imowudi yakho indibaniselwano yeeskim ezisebenzayo kunye neendlela zokumelana. Iimowudi zinokuba luncedo (zilungelelanise) okanye zingancedi (gwenxa).

Iindlela ze-Schema zinceda amaqela ezonyango kunye ukuze bakwazi ukujongana nawo njengengqondo enye, kunokuba babe neempawu ezizezinye.

Iindlela zeSchema zahlulwe zangamacandelo amane:

• Iindlela zomntwana zibonakaliswa ziimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha komntwana.
• Iimowudi zokungasebenzi kakuhle zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo kodwa ziphele ngokuqinisa ischema.
• Iindlela zomzali ezingasebenzi kakuhle kukufakwa ngaphakathi kwelizwi lokugxeka, lokufuna ngenkani, okanye lelizwi elinzima labazali.
• Imowudi yabantu abadala esempilweni imele isiqu sakho esisempilweni, esisebenzayo. Le ndlela inokunceda ekulawuleni ezinye iindlela ngokumisela imida kunye nokulwa iimpembelelo zezinye iindlela.

Zithini iinjongo zonyango lwe-schema?

Kunyango lwe-schema, uya kusebenza nonyango lwakho:

• zichonge kwaye ziqale iinkqubo zokuphilisa
• Chonga kwaye ujongane nezimbo zokulwa eziwela endleleni yeemvakalelo
• tshintsha iipateni zeemvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha okuvela kwizikim
• funda ukuba ungazifumana njani iimfuno zakho zoqobo ngokweemvakalelo, ngeendlela eziguqukayo
• funda indlela yokumelana (ngendlela esempilweni) nokukhathazeka kunye noxinzelelo xa iimfuno ezithile zingenakho ukufezekiswa

Ekugqibeleni, konke oku kuya kukunceda uhlakulele imo yomntu owomeleleyo, esempilweni. Imowudi yabantu abadala esempilweni inokunceda ukuphilisa kunye nokulawula ezinye iindlela kwaye ikuncede ungagungqi kwiziphumo zazo.

Zeziphi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo?

I-Schema Therapists inokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lonyango. Ezinye iindlela zinokusebenza ngcono kwabanye abantu nakwizikimu kunabanye. Ukuba indlela ethile ayisebenzi kuwe, qiniseka ukuba ugqirha wakho uyazi.

Kwelo phepha, gcinani engqondweni ukuba ubudlelwane bakho kunye nonyango luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonyango lwe-schema. Zimbini iikhonsepthi ezibalulekileyo ezivela kwiindlela ezininzi ezisetyenziswa kunyango lwe-schema. Zombini zisebenza kakuhle xa uziva ukhuselekile kwaye ukhululekile kunye nonyango lwakho.

La magama ngala:

• Ukujongana nempembelelo. Umgqirha wakho uqinisekisa izkim eziza kunyango, ukubonelela ukuqonda kunye novelwano ngelixa ekunceda ukuba uqaphele ukubaluleka kotshintsho.
• Ukukhulisa umda. Umgqirha wakho unceda ukuzalisekisa iimfuno zeemvakalelo ezingakhange zifezekiswe ebuntwaneni ngokunika ukhuseleko, imfesane kunye nentlonipho. "Ukulinganiselwa" kuthetha ukuba ugqirha wakho uqinisekisa ukuba lo mzali uhambelana nemigangatho yokuziphatha yabasebenzi bezempilo yengqondo.

Ngokubanzi, la magama aqhutywa ngeendlela eziwela ngokwamacandelo amane:

Iimvakalelo

Iindlela zokwenza iimvakalelo zibandakanya ukusebenzisa iimvakalelo ukulwa nesikim. Ziyanceda ukuba ube neemvakalelo ngokupheleleyo kwaye uzivakalise kukhuseleko lonyango. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuvuselela iimvakalelo zibandakanya imifanekiso ekhokelwayo kunye nokudlala indima.

Ukunxibelelana

Iindlela zonxibelelwano zikunceda ukuba uvavanye ubudlelwane bakho ukuze uchonge iindlela ezinokubachaphazela ngazo.

Ukubona ukuba ii-schemas kunye neempendulo zidlala njani kunyango kunokukunceda utyhile iipateni ezifanayo ebomini bakho. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuzisa iqabane okanye umhlobo osondeleyo kwiseshoni yonyango.

Ukuqonda

Iindlela zokuqonda zibandakanya ukuchonga kunye nokucela umngeni kwiindlela zokucinga eziyingozi ezibangelwa ziisikim. Uyakusebenza nonyango lwakho ukuphonononga amava obomi ngobungqina obuxhasa okanye ophikisana neschema.

Oku kunokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa oonotsheluza okanye iincoko ezakhiweyo apho uya kuthi uthethe zombini uxhasa kwaye uchasene neschema.

Ukuziphatha

Iindlela zokuziphatha zikunceda ukuba ufunde ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo, olusempilweni ngokutshintsha iipateni zokuziphatha ezibangelwa kukukopa kwakho.

Ukutshintsha iipateni zokuziphatha, unokusebenza kwizakhono zonxibelelwano ngokudlala indima okanye ukuthetha ngengxaki kunye nesisombululo kunye nonyango lwakho. Banokukunika imithambo oza kuyenza phakathi kweeseshoni.

Yeyiphi imida yonyango lwe-schema?

Unyango lwe-Schema lubonisa isithembiso njengonyango kunyango oluninzi lwempilo yengqondo, kubandakanya ukuphazamiseka kukutya kunye noxinzelelo.

Uninzi lophando esele lukhona luye lwajonga kwindima yonyango lwe-schema ekunyangeni imeko yomda wobuntu kunye nezinye iingxaki zobuntu.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iziphumo ziyathembisa. Umzekelo, ityala elilawulwa ngo-2014 lagqiba kwelokuba unyango lwe-schema lunokusebenza ngakumbi ekunyangeni ukuphazamiseka kubuntu.

Kodwa unyango lwe-schema belukhona kuphela ukusukela nge1980s. Eli lixesha elifutshane kwilizwe leengqondo. Ngenxa yoko, akukho maninzi asemgangathweni, kwizifundo zexesha elide malunga neziphumo zalo.

Ngelixa uphando esele lukhona luyathembisa, uninzi lweengcali ziyavuma ukuba kukho imfuneko yolingo kunye nophando.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zonyango, unyango lwe-schema lunokuzibophelela ixesha elide. Kuya kufuneka ufumane unyango lwe-schema iminyaka. Ukuba awunayo i-inshurensi, oku kunokuba kubiza kakhulu.

Ndingaluzama njani unyango lwe-schema?

Kunzima ukufumana i-schema Therapist kunezinye iintlobo zonyango, ngakumbi e-United States, kodwa izixhobo zilapha ngaphandle.

Umbutho wamazwe aphesheya woNyango lweSchema unesikhombisi esidwelisa ngokusesikweni i-schema Therapists.

Unokuzama ukukhangela ugcino lwedatha jikelele, kubandakanya i-American Psychological Association's therapist finder.

Zama ukukhangela abanyangi abanikezela nge-CBT. Unyango lweSchema lutsala kakhulu kule ndlela, ke ezinye i-CBT Therapists zinokuba namava kunyango lwe-schema okanye imigaqo-siseko yayo.

Kuba unyango lwe-schema lunokubiza ngaphezulu kunezinye iintlobo zonyango lwempilo yengqondo, licebo elihle ukubuza abanyangi malunga neendleko, nokuba bayayamkela na i-inshurensi, kunye nezinye iinkxalabo zemali onokuba nazo. Isikhokelo sethu kunyango olufikelelekayo sinokukunceda.