I-Polycythemia yesibini (i-Erythrocytosis yesibini)

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Isekondari ngokuchasene neprayimari
• Igama lobugcisa
• Oonobangela be-polycythemia yesibini
• Izinto ezinobungozi kwi-polycythemia yesibini
• Iimpawu zepolycythemia yesibini
• Ukuchongwa kunye nonyango lwe-polycythemia yesibini
• Xa unganciphisi ubalo lweeseli ezibomvu
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

I-polycythemia yesibini kukuveliswa ngokugqithisileyo kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ibangela ukuba igazi lakho lityebe, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wokubetha. Yimeko enqabileyo.

Umsebenzi ophambili weeseli ezibomvu zegazi kukuthwala ioksijini ukusuka kwimiphunga yakho ukuya kuzo zonke iiseli zomzimba wakho.

Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zihlala zenziwa kumongo wethambo lakho. Ukuba ufudukela kwindawo ephezulu apho ioksijini inqabile, umzimba wakho uyakukuqonda oku kwaye uqalise ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi emva kweeveki ezimbalwa.

Isekondari ngokuchasene neprayimari

Esekondari I-polycythemia ithetha ukuba enye imeko ibangela ukuba umzimba wakho uvelise iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ngokwesiqhelo uya kuba ne-hormone erythropoietin (EPO) egqithisileyo eqhuba ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu.

Unobangela unokuba:

• isithintelo sokuphefumla esifana nokuphefumla ubuthongo
• isifo semiphunga okanye sentliziyo
• ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zokuphucula ukusebenza

Kwiprayimari i-polycythemia yimfuza. Kubangelwa kukutshintsha kweeseli zomongo wethambo, ezivelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

I-polycythemia yesibini nayo inokubangelwa yimfuza. Kodwa ayiveli kuguquko kwiiseli zomongo wethambo lakho.

Kwi-polycythemia yesibini, inqanaba lakho le-EPO liya kuba phezulu kwaye uya kuba nokubala okuphezulu kwegazi elibomvu. Kwi-polycythemia ephambili, ukubala kweeseli ezibomvu kuya kuba phezulu, kodwa uya kuba nenqanaba eliphantsi le-EPO.

Igama lobugcisa

I-polycythemia yesibini ngoku isaziwa ngokuba yi-erythrocytosis yesibini.

Polycythemia ibhekisa kuzo zonke iintlobo zeeseli zegazi-iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe kunye neeplatelets. Ii-Erythrocyte ziiseli ezibomvu kuphela, ezenza i-erythrocytosis igama elamkelweyo lobuchwephesha kule meko.

Oonobangela be-polycythemia yesibini

Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo be-polycythemia yesibini zezi:

• ubuthongo bokulala
• ukutshaya okanye isifo semiphunga
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• hypoventilation
• Isifo sePickwickian
• isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• womchamo
• iziyobisi ezomeleza ukusebenza, kubandakanya i-EPO, testosterone, kunye ne-anabolic steroids

Ezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo zepolycythemia yesibini zibandakanya:

• ityhefu yekharbon monoksayidi
• uhlala kwindawo ephakamileyo
• isifo sezintso okanye ii-cysts

Okokugqibela, ezinye izifo zinokubangela ukuba umzimba wakho uvelise kakhulu i-hormone ye-EPO, ekhuthaza imveliso yeseli ebomvu. Ezinye zeemeko ezinokubangela oku zezi:

• izicubu ezithile zobuchopho (i-cerebellar hemangioblastoma, meningioma)
• ithumba le ndlala parathyroid
• hepatocellular (isibindi) umhlaza
• iseli yezintso (izintso) umhlaza
• ithumba lengqula
• i-fibroids enobungozi kwisibeleko

Ku, unobangela we-polycythemia yesibini inokuba yimfuza. Oku kuhlala kungenxa yotshintsho ebangela ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zithathe izixa ezingaqhelekanga zeoksijini.

Izinto ezinobungozi kwi-polycythemia yesibini

Izinto ezinobungozi kwi-polycythemia yesibini (erythrocytosis) zezi:

• ukutyeba kakhulu
• utywala
• ukutshaya
• uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi)

Umngcipheko osandula ukufunyanwa unobubanzi obuphezulu bokusasazwa kweseli ebomvu (i-RDW), oko kuthetha ukuba ubungakanani beeseli ezibomvu zegazi bunokwahluka kakhulu. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-anisocytosis.

Iimpawu zepolycythemia yesibini

Iimpawu zepolycythemia yesibini zibandakanya:

• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• iintlungu zesifuba nesisu
• ukudinwa
• ubuthathaka kunye nentlungu yomzimba
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-tinnitus)
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• ukutshisa okanye "izikhonkwane kunye neenaliti" uvakalelo ezandleni, iingalo, imilenze, okanye iinyawo
• ukonqena kwengqondo

Ukuchongwa kunye nonyango lwe-polycythemia yesibini

Ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukumisela zombini i-polycythemia yesibini kunye nonobangela wayo. Unyango lwakho luya kuxhomekeka kwisizathu esisisiseko.

Ugqirha uya kuthatha imbali yezonyango, akubuze malunga neempawu zakho, kwaye akuvavanye ngokwasemzimbeni. Baya kuyala iimvavanyo zokucinga kunye novavanyo lwegazi.

Enye yeempawu zesekondari ze-polycythemia luvavanyo lwehematocrit. Le nxalenye yepaneli yegazi epheleleyo. IHematocrit ngumlinganiso woxinaniso lweeseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini lakho.

Ukuba i-hematocrit yakho iphezulu kwaye unamanqanaba aphezulu e-EPO, inokuba luphawu lwe-polycythemia yesibini.

Olona nyango luphambili lwe-polycythemia yesibini zezi:

• aspirin yedosi ephantsi ukunciphisa igazi lakho
• ukuphalaza igazi, okwabizwa ngokuba yi-phlebotomy okanye ukubonwa kwe-venesection

I-aspirin yedosi ephantsi isebenza njengegazi elincinci kwaye inokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokubetha (i-thrombosis) ekuvelisweni kakhulu kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ukuzoba kwilitha legazi kunciphisa uxinzelelo lweeseli ezibomvu egazini lakho.

Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba lingakanani igazi ekufuneka litsaliwe kwaye kangaphi. Inkqubo iphantse ayinabuhlungu kwaye inobungozi obuphantsi. Kuya kufuneka uphumle emva kokutsalwa kwegazi kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ubena-snack kunye nolwelo oluninzi emva koko.

Ugqirha wakho unokumisela amayeza athile ukukhululeka kweempawu zakho.

Xa unganciphisi ubalo lweeseli ezibomvu

Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha ukuba anganciphisi inani lakho elibomvu leeseli ezibomvu. Umzekelo, ukuba ukubala kwakho okunyusiweyo kukusabela ekutshayeni, ukubonakaliswa kwecarbon monoxide, okanye isifo sentliziyo okanye semiphunga, unokufuna iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ukuze ufumane ioksijini eyaneleyo emzimbeni wakho.

Unyango lwe-oksijini lwexesha elide lunokukhetha. Xa ioksijini eninzi ifika emiphungeni, umzimba wakho uyahlawula ngokuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezimbalwa. Oku kunciphisa ubukhulu begazi kunye nomngcipheko wokubetha. Ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwi-pulmonologist kunyango lweoksijini.

Imbonakalo

I-polycythemia yesibini (i-erythrocytosis) yimeko enqabileyo ebangela ukuba igazi lakho lityebe kwaye inyuse umngcipheko wokubetha.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa yimeko engaphantsi, enokuthi ibe nobunzima ukusuka ekuphumeni kokulala ukuya kwisifo esibi senhliziyo. Ukuba imeko engaphantsi ayisiyongozi, uninzi lwabantu abane-polycythemia yesibini banokulindela ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Kodwa ukuba i-polycythemia yenza ukuba igazi libonakale libi kakhulu, kukho umngcipheko okhulayo wokubethwa.

I-polycythemia yesibini ayisoloko ifuna unyango. Xa kufuneka, unyango luhlala lungumthamo ophantsi we-aspirin okanye umzobo wegazi (phlebotomy).