Tourette's syndrome: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Yintoni ebangela isifo
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Ngaba kunyanzelekile ukuba umntwana ayeke isikolo?

Isifo sikaTourette sisifo semithambo-luvo esibangela ukuba umntu enze izinto ezingxamisekileyo, eziphindaphindwayo neziphindaphindwayo, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zi-tics, ezinokuthintela intlalontle kwaye zenze mandundu umgangatho wobomi bomntu, ngenxa yeemeko ezihlazo.

I-Tourette syndrome tics zihlala zivela phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-7 ubudala, kodwa zihlala zanda phakathi kweminyaka esi-8 ukuya kweli-12 ubudala, ziqala ngokuhamba ngokulula, njengokuqhwanyaza amehlo okanye ukuhambisa izandla neengalo, eziya zisiba mandundu, amagama aphindaphindiweyo avela, iintshukumo eziqubulisayo nezandi ezinjengokukhonkotha, ukukrokra, ukukhwaza okanye ukuthuka, umzekelo.

Abanye abantu bayakwazi ukucinezela ii-tics ngexesha leemeko zentlalo, kodwa abanye bakufumanisa kunzima ukubalawula, ngakumbi ukuba badlula kwixesha loxinzelelo lweemvakalelo, elinokwenza isikolo kunye nobomi bobuchwephesha bube nzima. Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-tics zinokuphucula kwaye zitshabalale emva kokufikisa, kodwa kwezinye, ezi tics zinokugcinwa xa sele umdala.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zesifo sikaTourette's zihlala ziqwalaselwa ekuqaleni ngootitshala, abathi abantwana baqala ukuziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwigumbi lokufundela.

Ezinye zeempawu kunye neempawu zinokuthi:

Iimoto

• Ngokuqhwanyaza kweliso;
• Tilt intloko yakho;
• Shrug amagxa akho;
• Chukumisa impumlo;
• Yenza ubuso;
• Hambisa iminwe yakho;
• Yenza izimbo zomzimba ezingamanyala;
• Ukukhaba;
• Ukushukumisa intamo;
• Betha isifuba.

Iimpawu zomsindo

• Ukuthuka;
• Hiccup;
• Khwaza ngaphandle;
• Ukutshica;
• Ukukhonkxa;
• Ukuncwina;
• Bhombolozani;
• Sula umqala;
• Phinda amagama okanye amabinzana;
• Sebenzisa iithoni ezahlukeneyo zezwi.

Ezi mpawu zivela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye kunzima ukuzilawula, kwaye ukongeza, zinokukhula zibe ziitikhi ezahlukeneyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokubanzi, ii-tics zivela ebuntwaneni kodwa zinokubonakala okokuqala ukuya kuthi ga kubudala be-21.

I-Tics ikwayanyamalala xa umntu elele, kunye nokusela iziselo ezinxilisayo okanye ngento efuna uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nokubi ebusweni beemeko zoxinzelelo, ukudinwa, unxunguphalo kunye nolonwabo.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuchonga esi sifo, ugqirha kungafuneka aqaphele indlela yokuhamba, okuhlala kwenzeka amaxesha ngamaxesha ngemini kwaye phantse yonke imihla ubuncinci unyaka.

Akukho mviwo zichaziweyo ziyafuneka ukuze kuchongwe esi sifo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha wemithambo-luvo unokuyalela ukujonga ngemagneti okanye ikhompyuter yecomputer, umzekelo, ukujonga ukuba ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba kungakho esinye isifo se-neurological esineempawu ezifanayo.

Yintoni ebangela isifo

Isifo sikaTourette sisifo semfuza, esixhaphakileyo kubantu bosapho olunye kwaye akukaziwa ncam ukuba yintoni unobangela. Kukho iingxelo zomntu owafunyaniswa enesifo emva kokonzakala entloko, kodwa usulelo kunye neengxaki zentliziyo zihlala zixhaphakile kusapho olunye. Ngaphezulu kwe-40% yezigulana zikwanazo neempawu zokuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-Tourette's syndrome ayinalo unyango, kodwa inokulawulwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo. Unyango kufuneka lukhokelwe yi-neurologist kwaye luqala kuphela xa iimpawu zesifo zichaphazela imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla okanye zibeka emngciphekweni ubomi bomntu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, unyango lunokwenziwa nge:

• Ipiramidi ephezulu: sisiyobisi esinceda ukulawula iitics ezinobulali okanye eziphakathi, xa kukho ukutyeba okunxulumene noko;
• Iintsholongwane njengesiqhelo, njenge-haloperidol okanye ipimozide; okanye i-atypical, efana ne-aripiprazole, i-ziprasidone okanye i-risperidone;
• Inaliti yeBotox: zisetyenziswa kwimoto yeemoto ukukhubaza umsipha ochaphazelekayo ziintshukumo, ukunciphisa ukubonakala kwetics;
• Unyango lwe-adrenergic inhibitor: ezifana neClonidine okanye iGuanfacina, enceda ukulawula iimpawu zokuziphatha ezinje ngokunyanzelwa kunye nokuhlaselwa ngumsindo, umzekelo.

Nangona kukho amayeza amaninzi anokubonakaliswa kunyango lwe-Tourette's syndrome, ayizizo zonke iimeko ekufuneka zinyangwe ngamayeza. Ngokufanelekileyo, kuya kufuneka usoloko ubonisana nogqirha wezengqondo okanye ugqirha wengqondo ukumisela olona nyango lululo, olunokubandakanya unyango lwengqondo kuphela okanye iiseshoni zonyango zokuziphatha, umzekelo.

Ngaba kunyanzelekile ukuba umntwana ayeke isikolo?

Umntwana ofunyenwe ene-Tourette's Syndrome akadingi ayeke ukufunda, kuba unawo onke amandla okufunda, njengabo bonke abanye abangenayo le syndrome. Umntwana angaqhubeka nokuya kwisikolo esiqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kwesidingo semfundo eyodwa, kodwa umntu makathethe nootitshala, abaququzeleli kunye neenqununu malunga nengxaki yempilo yomntwana ukuze bakwazi ukunceda ekukhuleni kwabo ngendlela elungileyo.

Ukugcina ootitshala kunye nabo ufunda nabo benolwazi ngokufanelekileyo malunga neempawu kunye nonyango lwesi sifo kunceda umntwana ukuba aqondwe ngcono, kuthintelwe ukwahlukaniswa okunokubangela uxinzelelo. Unyango lunokuba luncedo ekuncedeni ukulawula ii-tics, kodwa iiseshoni zonyango lwengqondo zikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonyango, kuba umntwana uyazi ngengxaki yakhe yezempilo kwaye akakwazi ukuyilawula ngokupheleleyo, uhlala eziva enetyala kwaye engonelanga.