Umgada womntu (hydrophobia): yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Ungasichonga njani isilwanyana esinomsindo
• Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa
• Ungaluthintela njani usulelo
• Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa ulunywa sisilwanyana esinomsindo
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Umgada sisifo sentsholongwane apho inkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS) isengozini kwaye inokukhokelela ekufeni kwiintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7, ukuba esi sifo asinyangwa kakuhle. Esi sifo siyanyangeka xa umntu efuna uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko nje xa elunywa sisilwanyana esosulelekileyo okanye xa kuvela iimpawu.

Iarhente ebangela isifo se-rabies yintsholongwane ye-rabies eye-odolo Mononegavirales, usapho Rhabdoviridae kunye nesini ILyssavirus. Izilwanyana ezinokudlulisela umgada ebantwini ikakhulu zizinja ezinoburharha kunye neekati, kodwa zonke izilwanyana ezinegazi elifudumeleyo nazo zinokosulelwa kwaye zidlulisele ebantwini. Eminye imizekelo ngamalulwane atya igazi, izilwanyana zasefama, impungutye, irokhono kunye neenkawu.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zomgada ebantwini ziqala malunga neentsuku ezingama-45 emva kokulunywa kwesilwanyana esosulelekileyo, njengoko intsholongwane kufuneka ifike kwingqondo ngaphambi kokubangela naluphi na uphawu. Ke, kuqhelekile ukuba umntu alunywe ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba abonakalise iimpawu.

Nangona kunjalo, xa beqala ukuvela, iimpawu zokuqala zihlala zifana nezo zomkhuhlane kwaye zibandakanya:

• Ukugula ngokubanzi;
• Ukuziva ubuthathaka;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Umkhuhlane ophantsi;
• Ukucaphuka.

Ukongeza, ukungonwabi kunokuvela kwindawo yokuluma, njengokuntywila okanye ukubetha.

Ngokukhula kwesi sifo, ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo ziqala ukuvela, ezinje ngoxinzelelo, ukudideka, ukuphazamiseka, isimilo esingaqhelekanga, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo kunye nokulala.

Xa iimpawu ezinxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo zivela, esi sifo sihlala siyabulala kwaye, ke, umntu angangeniswa esibhedlele ukuze nje athabathe amayeza ngqo emthanjeni kwaye azame ukukhulula ukungonwabi.

Ungasichonga njani isilwanyana esinomsindo

Kwinqanaba lokuqala losulelo, izilwanyana ezosulelwe yintsholongwane ye-rabies zinokubakho ngaphandle kwamandla, ngokugabha okungapheliyo kunye nokwehla kobunzima, nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu ziphela ziqhubela phambili ukuya ekugxininiseni kakhulu, ekuziphatheni okungaqhelekanga kunye nokuzilimaza.

Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa

Ukudluliselwa kwentsholongwane yomgada kwenzeka ngokudibana ngqo, oko kukuthi, kuyafuneka ukuba amathe ezilwanyana okanye umntu osulelekileyo adibane nenxeba eluswini okanye inwebu yamehlo, impumlo okanye umlomo. Ngesi sizathu, esona sizathu sokusasazwa komgada kukulunywa sisilwanyana, kwaye kunqabile ukuba usulelo lwenzeke ngokukrwela.

Ungaluthintela njani usulelo

Eyona ndlela yokuzikhusela kumgada kukugonya zonke izinja neekati ngesitofu sokugonya i-rabies, kuba ngaloo ndlela, nokuba ungalunywa yenye yezi zilwanyana, njengoko zingazukungcoliseka, umntu, ukuba uyalunywa, ndigule.

Amanye amanyathelo othintelo kukuphepha ukunxibelelana nezinto ezibhadulayo, izilwanyana ezilahliweyo kunye nokunxibelelana nezilwanyana zasendle, nokuba azikabonakali zibonisa iimpawu zomgada, njengoko iimpawu zinokuthatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ukuzibonakalisa.

Ukongeza, abantu abasebenza nezilwanyana banokwenza ukuba isitofu sokugonya i-rabies sithintele, kuba basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa yile ntsholongwane. Jonga ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe nini isitofu kwaye ngubani omakawathathe.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa ulunywa sisilwanyana esinomsindo

Xa umntu elunywe sisilwanyana, nokuba akabonakalisi zimpawu zomgada, ngakumbi xa esisilwanyana esitalatweni, kufuneka ayihlambe loo ndawo ngesepha namanzi emva koko aye kwiziko lezempilo okanye kwigumbi likaxakeka ayokuhlola umngcipheko wokufumana i-rabies kwaye ke uqalise inkqubo yokuvezwa kwintsholongwane, edla ngokwenziwa ngeedosi ezininzi zokugonya umgada.

Jonga ukuba wenzeni emva kokulunywa yinja okanye ikati.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Xa umntu ebengekho esibhedlele emva kokulunywa sisilwanyana, kwaye iimpawu zosulelo sele zivele kwingqondo, kuyacetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba isiguli sihlale esibhedlele, ngaphakathi kwe-ICU. Kuxhomekeke kubukrakra, umntu angagcinwa yedwa, ekugxininiseni okunzulu kunye nokuphefumla ngezixhobo. Ngexesha lokulaliswa esibhedlele, umntu kufuneka ondiswe ngetyhubhu ye-nasoenteral, kufuneka ahlale nebhobho yesinyi kwaye athabathe i-serum ngomthambo.

Xa umgada uqinisekisiwe, amayeza afana neAmantadine kunye neBiopterine ayaboniswa, kodwa amanye amayeza anokusetyenziswa yiMidazolan, Fentanyl, Nimodipine, Heparin kunye neRanitidine ukunqanda iingxaki.

Ukujonga ukuba umntu uyaphucula na, kwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukulawula amanqanaba esodiyam, irhasi yegazi, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-T4 kunye ne-TSH, ukongeza kuvavanyo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid, i-cranial Doppler, i-magnetic resonance kunye ne-computed tomography.

Emva kokuqinisekiswa kokupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kwentsholongwane emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa iimviwo, umntu angaphila, nangona kunjalo, esi sisiganeko esinqabileyo, kwaye uninzi lwabantu abanesifo esele senziwe kakuhle banokugqibela belahlekelwa bubomi babo.