Yintoni omele uyenze xa wena okanye umntu omaziyo ephefumla umsi omninzi

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela inhalation yomsi?
• I-asphyxiates elula
• Iikhompawundi Irritant
• Imichiza yokuphefumla
• Iimpawu zokuphefumla umsi
• Khohlela
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuduma okanye ukuphefumla okunengxolo
• Ulusu luyatshintsha
• Ukonakala kwamehlo
• Ukuhla kwesilumkiso
• Soot empumlweni nasemqaleni
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukutshaya umsi ngoncedo lokuqala
• Ukufumanisa isifo somsi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Irhasi yegazi ejikelezayo (ABG)
• I-oximetry yentliziyo
• Bronchoscopy
• Unyango lokuphefumla umsi
• Ioksijini
• Ihyperbaric oxygenation (HBO)
• Amayeza
• Nini ukubona ugqirha
• Unyango lwasekhaya
• Ukubuyisa inhalation yokuphefumla kunye neziphumo zexesha elide kunye nembonakalo
• Ukuthintela ukuphefumla umsi
• Yise kude

Ushwankathelo

Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sokufa okuhambelana nomlilo kubangelwa kukutshaya umsi, ngokweZiko leBurn. Ukusezela umsi kwenzeka xa uphefumla amasuntswana omlilo ayingozi. Ukungenisa umsi oyingozi kunokuvutha imiphunga yakho kunye nendlela yomoya, ibangele ukuba badumbe kwaye bavimbe ioksijini. Oku kunokukhokelela kwisifo sokuphefumla esiqatha kunye nokusilela kokuphefumla.

Ukutshaya umsi kuqhele ukwenzeka xa ubanjiswe kwindawo enje, njengekhitshi okanye ikhaya, kufutshane nomlilo. Uninzi lwemililo lwenzeka emakhaya, amaxesha amaninzi luphuma ekuphekeni, kwiindawo zokubasa umlilo nakwizifudumezi, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kombane kunye nokutshaya.

Ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu ebesemlilweni kwaye evezwe kukutshaya okanye ebonisa iimpawu zokuphefumla umsi, njengokuphefumla nzima, iinwele zempumlo, okanye ukutshisa, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 ngoncedo lonyango kwangoko.

Yintoni ebangela inhalation yomsi?

Izinto ezivuthayo, iikhemikhali kunye neegesi ezenziwe zinokubangela ukuphefumla umsi ngokufuthanqa okulula (ukunqongophala kweoksijini), ukucaphuka kwemichiza, ukuphazamiseka kwemichiza, okanye indibaniselwano yazo. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

I-asphyxiates elula

Zimbini iindlela onokutshaya ngazo ioksijini. Ukutsha kusetyenziswa ioksijini kufutshane nomlilo, kukushiya ungenayo ioksijini yokuphefumla. Umsi uqulethe iimveliso, ezinjengekharbon diokside, ezenza ingozi ngokunciphisa umyinge weoksijini esemoyeni.

Iikhompawundi Irritant

Ukutsha kunokubangela ukuba kwenziwe imichiza eyonzakalisa ulusu lwakho kunye neembumba zangaphakathi. Ezi khemikhali zinokonakalisa indlela yakho yokuphefumla, zibangele ukudumba kunye nokuwa kwomoya. I-Ammonia, isalfure dioxide, kunye neklorine yimizekelo yezicaphukisa zemichiza emsini.

Imichiza yokuphefumla

Izinto eziveliswa ngumlilo zinokubangela ukonakala kweseli emzimbeni wakho ngokungenelela ekuhanjisweni okanye ekusetyenzisweni kweoksijini. Ikharbon monoksayidi, engoyena nobangela uphambili wokusweleka xa umntu ephefumla umsi, yenye yezi zinto.

Ukulimala kwe-inhalation kunokudakalisa imeko yeentliziyo kunye nemiphunga, njenge:

• isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga
• umbefu
• emphysema
• i-bronchitis engapheliyo

Umngcipheko wokulimala ngokusisigxina xa uphefumla umsi mkhulu ukuba unayo nayiphi na le miqathango.

Iimpawu zokuphefumla umsi

Ukutshaya umsi kunokubangela iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinokubakho kubukhali.

Khohlela

• Inwebu yetyhefu ekwiphepha lakho lokuphefumla ikhupha umchamo xa ucatshukiswa.
• Ukunyuka kwemveliso ye-mucus kunye nokuqiniswa kwezihlunu kwindlela yakho yomoya kukhokelela ekukhwehleleni kwe-reflex.
• I-Mucus inokucaca, igrey, okanye imnyama ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo wamasuntswana atshisiweyo kwitrachea yakho okanye kwimiphunga.

Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

• Ukwenzakala kwindlela yokuphefumla kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini egazini lakho.
• Ukusezela umsi kunokuphazamisana negazi lakho lokuthwala ioksijini.
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza kunokubangelwa kukuzama ukubuyekeza umonakalo owenziwe emzimbeni.

Intloko ebuhlungu

• Ukubonakaliswa kwi-carbon monoxide, eyenzeka kuyo yonke imililo, kunokubangela intloko.
• Kunye nentloko ebuhlungu, icarbon monoxide yetyhefu nayo inokubangela isicaphucaphu nokugabha.

Ukuduma okanye ukuphefumla okunengxolo

• Iikhemikhali zinokucaphukisa kwaye zenzakalise amandla akho ezwi kwaye zibangele ukudumba kunye nokuqina komoya ophezulu.
• Ulwelo lunokuqokelela kwindlela yomoya ephezulu kwaye lubangele ukuvaleka.

Ulusu luyatshintsha

• Ulusu lunokuba lubala kwaye luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini, okanye bomvu ngokuqaqambileyo ngenxa yetyhefu yekhabhon monokayidi
• Kunokubakho ukutsha kolusu lwakho.

Ukonakala kwamehlo

• Umsi unokucaphukisa amehlo akho kwaye ubangele ubomvu.
• Iikhoyini zakho zinokutsha.

Ukuhla kwesilumkiso

• Amanqanaba e-oksijini asezantsi kunye neekhemikhali ze-asphyxiates zinokubangela utshintsho olufana nokudideka, ukuphelelwa ngamandla, kunye nokunciphisa ukuphaphama.
• Ukuxhuzula kunye ne-coma kunokwenzeka nasemva kokuphefumla umsi.

Soot empumlweni nasemqaleni

• Umsizi emathatheni akho okanye emqaleni ngumqondiso womsi womsi kunye nobungakanani bomphunga womsi.
• Impumlo edumbileyo kunye neempumlo zikwangumqondiso wokuphefumla.

Iintlungu zesifuba

• Intlungu yesifuba inokubangelwa kukucaphuka kwindawo yakho yokuphefumla.
• Intlungu yesifuba inokuba sisiphumo sokuhamba okuphantsi kweoksijini entliziyweni.
• Ukukhohlela kakhulu kunokubangela nentlungu esifubeni.
• Iimeko zentliziyo kunye nemiphunga zinokwenziwa mandundu ngumsi wokuphefumla kwaye zinokubangela iintlungu esifubeni.

Ukutshaya umsi ngoncedo lokuqala

ISILUMKISO: Nabani na ova ukuphefumla umsi ufuna uncedo lokuqala kwangoko. Nantsi into enokuyenza:

• Tsalela umnxeba kwi-911 ngoncedo lonyango olungxamisekileyo.
• Susa umntu kwindawo egcwele umsi ukuba kukhuselekile ukwenza njalo kwaye umsa kwindawo enomoya ococekileyo.
• Jonga ukujikeleza komntu, indlela yomoya, kunye nokuphefumla.
• Qala i-CPR, ukuba kukho imfuneko, ngelixa ulinde uncedo olungxamisekileyo ukuba lufike.

Ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu ufumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo zokuphefumla umsi, tsalela umnxeba ku-911:

• ukudinwa
• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• ukukhohlela
• ukudideka

Ukutshaya umsi kunokuba nzima ngakumbi kwaye kunokuchaphazela ngaphezulu kokuphefumla kwakho. Kuya kufuneka ubize i-911 endaweni yokuqhuba wena okanye omnye umntu kwisebe likaxakeka elikufutshane. Ukufumana uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo kunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala kakhulu okanye ukufa.

Inhalation yomsi ibisisihloko esishushu (akukho pun ejongiweyo) ukusukela oko abalandeli bethotho le-TV ethi "Lo Nguwe" bafunda ngokuphela komlingiswa kukaJack.Kumboniso, uJack waphefumla umsi emva kokubuyela endlwini yakhe evuthayo ukunceda umfazi nabantwana bakhe ukubaleka. Uye wabuya wabuyela kwinja yosapho kunye nezinye iindlalifa ezibalulekileyo zosapho.
Esi siqendu sizise ingqalelo enkulu kwingozi yokuphefumla umsi kunye nento ongayenziyo xa kusitsha. Ikwashiye abantu abaninzi bezibuza ukuba ngaba umsi wokuphefumla ungabangela ukuba umntu obonakala esempilweni ahlaselwe sisifo sentliziyo. Impendulo nguewe.
Ngokutsho kweSebe lezeMpilo laseNew York, amasuntswana amahle anokuhamba aye kungena kwimiphunga yakho afikelele kwimiphunga yakho. Ngexesha lokuzilolonga komzimba, iziphumo zentliziyo zinokuba mandundu ngokuvezwa yicarbon monoxide kunye nomba wezinto. Iziphumo zomsi wokuphefumla umsi, ukuzilolonga emzimbeni, kunye noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo konke kuyirhafu kwimiphunga nakwintliziyo yakho, enokubangela isifo sentliziyo.

Ukufumanisa isifo somsi

Esibhedlele, ugqirha uya kufuna ukwazi:

• umthombo womsi owawuphefumlelwe
• umntu ebevezwe ixesha elingakanani
• ungakanani umsi umntu avele kuwo

Uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo zinokucetyiswa, ezinje:

I-x-ray yesifuba

IX-ray yesifuba isetyenziselwa ukukhangela iimpawu zomonakalo wemiphunga okanye usulelo.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Uthotho lovavanyo lwegazi, kubandakanya ukubala okupheleleyo kwegazi kunye nephaneli yemetabolism, zisetyenziselwa ukukhangela ubalo lweeseli ezibomvu nezimhlophe, ukubala kweplatelet, kunye nekhemistri kunye nokusebenza kwamalungu amaninzi anolwazelelo kutshintsho kumanqanaba eoksijini. Amanqanaba e-Carboxyhemoglobin kunye ne-methemoglobin nawo ayajongwa kwabo bathe baphefumla umsi ukujonga ityhefu ye-carbon monoxide.

Irhasi yegazi ejikelezayo (ABG)

Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubungakanani beoksijini, icarbon dioxide, kunye nemichiza esegazini. Kwi-ABG, igazi litsalwa kumthambo esihlahleni sakho.

I-oximetry yentliziyo

Kwi-oximetry ye-pulse, isixhobo esincinci esine-sensor sibekwa ngaphezulu kwenxalenye yomzimba, njengomnwe, uzwane, okanye i-earlobe, ukubona ukuba ioksijini ifikelela njani na kwizicwili zakho.

Bronchoscopy

Umbhobho omncinci, okhanyisiweyo ufakwa emlonyeni wakho ukujonga ngaphakathi kwindlela yakho yomoya ukukhangela umonakalo kunye nokuqokelela iisampulu, ukuba ziyafuneka. Ukunyenyiswa kunokusetyenziselwa ukuphumla kwinkqubo. I-Bronchoscopy ingasetyenziselwa unyango lomsi womsi wokutsala i-debris kunye neemfihlo zokunceda ukucoca umoya.

Unyango lokuphefumla umsi

Unyango lokuphefumla umsi lunokubandakanya:

Ioksijini

Ioksijini lelona candelo libaluleke kakhulu kunyango lokuphefumla umsi. Ilawulwa ngemaski, ityhubhu yempumlo, okanye ngombhobho wokuphefumla ofakwe emqaleni, kuxhomekeke kubukhali beempawu.

Ihyperbaric oxygenation (HBO)

I-HBO isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ityhefu ye-carbon monoxide. Uya kufakwa kwigumbi lokucinezelwa kwaye unikwe iidosi eziphezulu zeoksijini. Ioksijini inyibilika kwi-plasma yegazi ukuze izicwili zakho zifumane ioksijini ngelixa i-carbon monoxide isuswe egazini lakho.

Amayeza

Amayeza athile anokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimpawu zokutshaya umsi. Iibronchodilators zinokunikwa ukuphumla izihlunu zemiphunga kunye nokwandisa iindlela zomoya. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokunikwa ukunyanga okanye ukuthintela usulelo. Amanye amayeza anokunikwa ukunyanga nayiphi na ityhefu yemichiza.

Nini ukubona ugqirha

Ukuba uphathwe ukunyanga umsi kwaye uhlakulele umkhuhlane, jonga ugqirha wakho kwangoko, njengoko unokuba nosulelo. Tsalela umnxeba ku-911 ukuba ufumana oku kulandelayo:

• ukukhohlela okanye ukugabha igazi
• iintlungu zesifuba
• ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga okanye okukhawulezayo
• ukwanda kwengxaki yokuphefumla
• ukuvutha
• imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye iinzipho

Unyango lwasekhaya

Ukongeza ekuthatheni amayeza kunye nokulandela imiyalelo emiselwe ngugqirha wakho, kukho izinto zasekhaya onokuzenza ngokulandela unyango lokutshaya umsi:

• Phumla ngokwaneleyo.
• Ukulala kwindawo ehleliyo okanye ukuphakamisa intloko yakho ngemiqamelo ukukunceda uphefumle lula.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya okanye ukutshaya.
• Gwema izinto ezinokucaphukisa imiphunga yakho, enjengokubanda kakhulu, kushushu, ukufuma, okanye umoya owomileyo.
• Yenza nayiphi na imithambo yokuphefumla njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha, okwabizwa ngokuba lonyango lwe-bronchial hygiene.

Ukubuyisa inhalation yokuphefumla kunye neziphumo zexesha elide kunye nembonakalo

Ukuchacha ekuphefumlweni ngumsi kwahlukile kuye wonke umntu kwaye kuxhomekeke kubukhali bengozi. Kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho yonke yemiphunga ngaphambi kokulimala. Kuya kuthatha ixesha lokuba imiphunga yakho iphole kwaye uya kuqhubeka nokufumana ukuphefumla okufutshane kwaye udinwe ngokulula okwethutyana.

Abantu abanesikrelemnqa banokuphefumla kancinci ubomi babo bonke. Ukudakumba okwethutyana kuqhelekile ebantwini abanomsi wokuphefumla.

Unokunikwa amayeza ukuba uwathathe ngelixa uchacha. Unokufuna i-inhalers yexesha elide kunye namanye amayeza okukunceda uphefumle ngcono, kuxhomekeke kumonakalo wemiphunga yakho.

Unonophelo olulandelayo luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuchacha kwakho. Gcina konke ukuqeshwa okucwangcisiweyo kunye nogqirha wakho.

Ukuthintela ukuphefumla umsi

Ukunceda ukuthintela ukuphefumla umsi, kuya kufuneka:

• Faka izixhobo zokujonga umsi kuwo onke amagumbi okulala, ngaphandle kwendawo nganye yokulala, nakuwo onke amanqanaba ekhaya lakho, ngokwe-National Fire Protection Association.
• Faka iicarbon monoxide detectors ngaphandle kweendawo zokulala kwinqanaba ngalinye lekhaya lakho.
• Vavanya umtshini wakho kunye neekharbon monoksayidi qho ngenyanga kwaye ubeke iibhetri rhoqo ngonyaka.
• Yenza isicwangciso sokubaleka xa kunokwenzeka umlilo kwaye uziqhelanise nosapho lwakho kunye nabanye abahlala ekhayeni lakho.
• Musa ukushiya iisigarethi ezikhanyisiweyo, amakhandlela, okanye izifudumezi-moya ezingakhathalelwanga kwaye zicime kwaye zilahle izinto ezinxulumene nokutshaya ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ungaze ushiye ikhitshi ungahoywanga ngelixa uphekayo.

Yise kude

Ukusezela umsi kufuna ukhathalelo lonyango kwangoko nokuba akukho zimpawu zibonakalayo. Unyango lwakwangoko lunokunceda ukuthintela ezinye iingxaki kunye nokufa.