Esitalini Angina

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela i-angina ezinzileyo?
• Zithini iimpawu ze-angina ezinzileyo?
• Zeziphi izinto ezinobungozi kwi-angina ezinzileyo?
• U-angina uzinze njani?
• Unyango oluzinzileyo luphathwa njani?
• Indlela yokuphila
• Amayeza
• Ugqirha
• Yeyiphi imbonakalo yexesha elide yabantu abane-angina ezinzileyo?

Yintoni uzina angina?

I-Angina luhlobo lweentlungu zesifuba ezibangelwa kukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi kuye entliziyweni. Ukunqongophala kokuhamba kwegazi kuthetha ukuba izihlunu zentliziyo yakho azifumani oksijini yaneleyo. Intlungu ihlala ibangelwa yimisebenzi yomzimba okanye uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo.

I-angina ezinzileyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-angina pectoris, lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-angina. I-angina ezinzileyo yipateni enokuqikelelwa yentlungu yesifuba. Ngokuqhelekileyo unokulandelela iphethini ngokusekelwe kwinto oyenzayo xa uziva intlungu esifubeni sakho. Ukulandelela i-angina ezinzileyo kunokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho ngokulula.

I-angina engazinzanga lolunye uhlobo lwe-angina. Kwenzeka ngesiquphe kwaye kuya kusiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ingakhokelela ekuhlaselweni sisifo sentliziyo.

Nangona i-angina ezinzileyo ingaphantsi kakhulu kune-angina engazinzanga, kunokuba buhlungu kwaye kungonwabisi. Zombini ezi ntlobo ze-angina zihlala zibonakalisa imeko yentliziyo engaphantsi, ke kubalulekile ukuba ubone ugqirha wakho nje ukuba uneempawu.

Yintoni ebangela i-angina ezinzileyo?

I-angina ezinzileyo yenzeka xa izihlunu zentliziyo zingayifumani ioksijini efuna ukusebenza kakuhle. Intliziyo yakho isebenza nzima xa usenza imithambo okanye unamava oxinzelelo lweemvakalelo.

Izinto ezithile, ezinje ngokunciphisa imithambo (atherosclerosis), inokuthintela intliziyo yakho ekufumaneni ioksijini engaphezulu. Imithambo yakho inokuba mxinwa kwaye iqine xa i-plaque (into eyenziwe ngamafutha, icholesterol, ikhalsiyam nezinye izinto) isakha ngaphakathi kweendonga zomthambo. Amahlwili egazi anokuyithintela imithambo yakho kwaye anciphise ukuhamba kwegazi eline-oksijini entliziyweni.

Zithini iimpawu ze-angina ezinzileyo?

Imvakalelo ebuhlungu eyenzeka ngexesha lesiqendu se-angina ezinzileyo ihlala ichazwa njengoxinzelelo okanye ukugcwala embindini wesifuba. Intlungu inokuziva ngathi kukucinezela isifuba sakho okanye njengokuphumla kwisifuba sakho. Le ntlungu inokusasazeka ukusuka esifubeni sakho iye entanyeni yakho, iingalo, namagxa.

Ngexesha lesiqendu se-angina esizinzileyo, unokufumana:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• isicaphucaphu
• ukudinwa
• isiyezi
• ukubila kakhulu
• ixhala

I-angina ezinzileyo ihlala yenzeka emva kokuba uzibhokoxe emzimbeni. Iimpawu zihlala zisesikhashana, zihlala ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzu eli-15 kwiimeko ezininzi. Oku kwahlukile kwi-angina engazinzanga, apho iintlungu zinokuqhubeka khona kwaye zibe qatha.

Unokuba nesiqendu se-angina ezinzileyo nangaliphi na ixesha losuku. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane iimpawu kusasa.

Zeziphi izinto ezinobungozi kwi-angina ezinzileyo?

Izinto ezinobungozi kwi-angina ezinzileyo zibandakanya:

• ukutyeba kakhulu
• ukuba nembali yesifo sentliziyo
• ukuba ne-cholesterol ephezulu okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
• unesifo seswekile
• ukutshaya
• ukungazilolongi

Ukutya okukhulu, ukusebenza ngamandla komzimba, kunye nokushisa kakhulu okanye kubanda kakhulu kunokubangela i-angina ezinzile kwezinye iimeko.

U-angina uzinze njani?

Ugqirha wakho uya kukubuza malunga nembali yakho yezonyango kwaye uqhube iimvavanyo zokufumanisa i-angina ezinzileyo. Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• i-electrocardiogram: ilinganisa umsebenzi wombane entliziyweni yakho kwaye ivavanye isingqi sentliziyo yakho
• umfanekiso: uhlobo lwe-X-ray evumela ugqirha wakho ukuba abone imithambo yakho yegazi kunye nokulinganisa ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni yakho

Olu vavanyo lunokumisela ukuba intliziyo yakho isebenza ngokufanelekileyo na kwaye kukho naziphi na iirirri ezivaliweyo.

Kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe uvavanyo loxinzelelo. Ngexesha lovavanyo loxinzelelo, ugqirha wakho uya kuyibeka esweni intliziyo yakho isingqisho kunye nokuphefumla ngelixa uzilolonga. Olu hlobo lovavanyo lunokumisela ukuba ngaba imisebenzi yomzimba ibangela iimpawu zakho.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokuqhuba uvavanyo lwegazi ukulinganisa amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol kunye ne-C-reactive protein (CRP). Amanqanaba aphezulu e-CRP anokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sentliziyo.

Unyango oluzinzileyo luphathwa njani?

Unyango lwe-angina oluzinzileyo lubandakanya utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, amayeza kunye notyando. Ngokwesiqhelo unokuxela kwangaphambili ukuba iintlungu ziya kwenzeka nini, ke ukunciphisa ukusebenza komzimba kunokunceda ukulawula iintlungu zesifuba sakho. Xoxa nomsebenzi wakho wokuzilolonga kunye nokutya kunye nogqirha wakho ukumisela ukuba ungayitshintsha njani indlela yakho yokuphila ngokukhuselekileyo.

Indlela yokuphila

Olunye uhlengahlengiso kwindlela yokuphila lunokunceda ukuthintela iziqendu ezizayo ze-angina ezinzileyo. Olu tshintsho lunokubandakanya ukwenza umthambo rhoqo kunye nokutya ukutya okusempilweni okuziinkozo, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Kuya kufuneka uyeke nokutshaya ukuba uyatshaya.

Le mikhwa inokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nezifo ezingapheliyo (zexesha elide) ezinje ngeswekile, icholesterol ephezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Ezi meko zinokuchaphazela i-angina ezinzileyo kwaye ekugqibeleni zinokukhokelela kwisifo sentliziyo.

Amayeza

Iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-nitroglycerin liphelisa ngokufanelekileyo iintlungu ezinxulumene ne-angina ezinzileyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba ingakanani i-nitroglycerin ekufuneka uyithathile xa unesiqendu se-angina.

Kuya kufuneka uthathe amanye amayeza ukuze ulawule iimeko ezingaphantsi kwegalelo kwi-angina ezinzileyo, njengoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, cholesterol ephezulu, okanye isifo seswekile. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi meko. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza athile anokunceda ukuzinzisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, icholesterol kunye nenqanaba leswekile. Oku kuya kunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana ezinye iziqendu ze-angina.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okucoca igazi ukuthintela amahlwili egazi, into enegalelo kwi-angina ezinzileyo.

Ugqirha

Inkqubo encinci yokuhlasela ebizwa ngokuba yi-angioplasty ihlala isetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-angina ezinzileyo. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, ugqirha ubeka ibhaluni encinci ngaphakathi kwimithambo yakho. Ibhaluni inyuselwe ukwandisa i-artery, emva koko kufakwe i-stent (coil wire mesh coil). I-stent ibekwe ngokusisigxina kwimithambo yakho yokugcina indlela ivulekile.

Imithambo ethintelweyo inokufuna ukulungiswa ukuze kuthintelwe iintlungu zesifuba. Utyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo lunokwenziwa ukwenza i-coronary artery bypass graft. Oku kunokuba yimfuneko kubantu abanesifo sentliziyo.

Yeyiphi imbonakalo yexesha elide yabantu abane-angina ezinzileyo?

Umbono wabantu abane-angina ezinzileyo ngokubanzi ulungile. Imeko ihlala iphucula ngamayeza. Ukwenza utshintsho oluthile kwindlela yokuphila kunokugcina iimpawu zakho zingabi zibi. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukugcina ubunzima obunempilo
• ukuzilolonga rhoqo
• ukuphepha ukutshaya
• ukutya ukutya okunezondlo

Ungaqhubeka nokulwa nobuhlungu besifuba ukuba awukwazi ukutshintshela kwindlela yokuphila esempilweni. Unokuba usengozini yokwanda kwezinye iintlobo zesifo sentliziyo. Iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-angina ezinzileyo zibandakanya ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ukufa ngesiquphe okubangelwa sisingqi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga, kunye ne-angina engazinzanga. Ezi ngxaki zinokukhula ukuba i-angina ezinzileyo ishiywe inganyangwa.

Kubalulekile ukubiza ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza xa ufumana iimpawu ze-angina ezinzile.