IiSteroids zeCOPD

Umxholo

• Ii-steroids zomlomo
• Izibonelelo
• Imiphumela
• Ukulumkela
• I-inhaled steroids
• Izibonelelo
• Imiphumela
• Ukulumkela
• Inhalers yokudibanisa
• Izibonelelo
• Imiphumela
• Ukulumkela
• Umngcipheko kunye nezilumkiso
• Olunye unyango lweCOPD
• Isicwangciso sakho sonyango seCOPD
• Ukuvuselelwa kwenkqubo yemiphunga
• Ukuyeka ukutshaya
• Indlela yokuphila esempilweni
• Umgca wezantsi

Ushwankathelo

Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD) ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iimeko ezimbalwa ezinzulu zemiphunga. Oku kubandakanya i-emphysema, i-bronchitis engapheliyo, kunye nesifuba esinganyangekiyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili zeCOPD zezi:

• ukuphefumla kancinci, ngakumbi xa usebenza
• ukuvutha
• ukukhohlela
• i-mucus kwiindlela zakho zomoya

Nangona kungekho nonyango ekhoyo kwiCOPD, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeyeza ezikhoyo ezinokuthi zinciphise ubunzima beempawu.

I-Steroids ziphakathi kwamayeza aqhele ukumiselwa abantu abane-COPD. Bayanceda ukunciphisa ukudumba kwimiphunga yakho okubangelwa kukuqhushumba.

I-Steroids iza ngomlomo nangokuphefumla. Kukwakho neziyobisi ezidibeneyo ezibandakanya i-steroid kunye nelinye iyeza. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-steroid lusebenza kancinci ngokwahlukileyo kulawulo okanye kuthintelo lweempawu zokuqaqamba komzimba.

Ii-steroids zomlomo

Ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa i-steroids kwipilisi okanye kwifom ye-liquide ye-flare-up, okanye eyaziwa ngokuba yingozi.

La mayeza asebenza ngokukhawuleza ngomlomo aqhele ukumiselwa ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane, rhoqo kwiintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe. Idosi yakho iya kuxhomekeka kubukhali beempawu zakho, ukomelela kweyeza elithile kunye nezinye izinto.

Umzekelo, idosi yabantu abadala ye-prednisone inokuba ikho ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-60 milligrams (mg) yonke imihla.

Amayeza amiselweyo kunye nezinye izigqibo zonyango kufuneka zisoloko zisenziwa ngokwabantu ngabanye.

Phakathi kwe-steroids yomlomo echazwe ngokuqhelekileyo kwiCOPD yile:

• i-prednisone (iPrednisone Intensol, iRayos)
• ihydrocortisone (iCortef)
• i-prednisolone (yenziwe kwangaphambili)
• imethylprednisolone (iMedrol)
• dexamethasone (iDexamethasone Intensol)

I-Prednisone kunye ne-prednisolone zithathwa njengeziyobisi ezingekho kwelebheli ukunyanga i-COPD.

Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho kwilebheli kuthetha ukuba ichiza elivunyiweyo yi-FDA ngenjongo enye lisetyenziselwa injongo eyahlukileyo engavunyelwanga. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha usenokulisebenzisa iyeza ukulungiselela loo njongo. Kungenxa yokuba i-FDA ilawula ukuvavanywa kunye nokuvunywa kwamachiza, kodwa hayi indlela abagqirha abazisebenzisa ngayo iziyobisi ukunyanga izigulana zabo. Ke, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ichiza kodwa bacinga ukuba kokona kulungileyo ukukhathalela kwakho. Funda ngakumbi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwelebheli engekho kwilebula.

Izibonelelo

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ii-steroids zomlomo zihlala zikunceda ukuba uqale ngokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.

Kananjalo zihlala zimiselwe ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane. Oku kukwenza ukuba ungabinakho ukufumana iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide lonyango.

Imiphumela

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela ekusetyenzisweni kwexesha elifutshane kwee-steroids zihlala zincinci, ukuba zenzeka kwaphela. Ziquka:

• ukugcinwa kwamanzi
• ukudumba, kuhlala ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi
• ukuhamba kweemvakalelo

Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwala mayeza kunokuphakamisa umngcipheko wakho:

• isifo seswekile
• ngamehlo
• i-osteoporosis, okanye ilahleko yokuxinana kwethambo
• usulelo

Ukulumkela

I-Oral steroids inokuwanciphisa amajoni akho omzimba. Qaphela ngakumbi ukuhlamba izandla kunye nokunciphisa ukubonwa kwakho kubantu abanokuba nosulelo olunokudluliselwa ngokulula.

Amayeza anokufaka igalelo kwi-osteoporosis, ke ugqirha unokukucebisa ukuba wandise ivithamin D kunye nokutya kwe-calcium okanye uqale ukuthatha iziyobisi ukulwa nethambo.

I-Oral steroids kufuneka ithathwe kunye nokutya.

I-inhaled steroids

Ungasebenzisa i-inhaler ukuhambisa i-steroids ngqo kwimiphunga yakho. Ngokungafaniyo ne-steroids yomlomo, ii-steroids ezingafunekiyo zihlala zibhetele kubantu abaneempawu ezizinzileyo.

Unokusebenzisa i-nebulizer. Lo ngumatshini ojika iyeza libe yimfucu efanelekileyo. Ipompa inkungu ngombhobho oguqukayo kwaye ungene kwimaski oyinxiba empumlweni nasemlonyeni.

I-inhaled steroids ihlala isetyenziswa njengonyango lokugcina iimpawu ziphantsi kolawulo lwexesha elide. Iidosi zilinganiswa kwii-micrograms (mcg). Iidosi eziqhelekileyo ziqala ukusuka kwi-40 mcg ngokukhupha ukusuka kwi-inhaler ukuya kwi-250 mcg ngokukhupha.

Ezinye i-inhaled steroids zigxile ngakumbi kwaye zinamandla ukuze zikwazi ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zeCOPD eziphambili. Iifom ezinzima zeCOPD zinokulawulwa ngamayeza angenamandla.

Imizekelo ye-inhaled steroids ye-COPD ibandakanya:

• I-beclomethasone dipropionate (Qvar Redihaler)
• I-budesonide (iPulmicort Flexhaler)
• iciclesonide (Alvesco)
• ifunisolide (iAerospan)
• i-fluticasone propionate (iFlovent)
• mometasone (Asmanex)

Ezi steroids ezinganyangekiyo azivunyelwe yi-FDA ukunyanga i-COPD kodwa inokusetyenziswa njengenxalenye yezicwangciso zonyango. Iimveliso zokudibanisa ezichazwe apha ngezantsi zisetyenziswa rhoqo.

Izibonelelo

Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba kubi, ii-steroids ezingafunekiyo zinokuzinceda ukuba ziqhubeke ngokukhawuleza. Uphando lubonisa ukuba banokuthi banciphise inani lezinto ezibi kakhulu ozifumanayo.

Ukuba i-asthma yinxalenye ye-COPD yakho, i-inhaler inokunceda ngakumbi.

Imiphumela

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ze-inhaled steroids zibandakanya umqala obuhlungu kunye nokukhohlela, kunye nosulelo emlonyeni wakho.

Kukwakho nomngcipheko okhulayo wenyumoniya ngokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwe-inhaled steroids.

Ukulumkela

I-Inhaled steroids ayenzelwanga ukukhululeka ngokukhawuleza kwi-COPD flare-up. Kwezi meko, ichiza elirhafisayo elibizwa ngokuba yi-bronchodilator linokunceda ekunciphiseni ukukhwehlela kwaye likuncede ubambe umphefumlo wakho.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo ngomlomo, hlamba umlomo wakho kunye nokugcoba ngamanzi emva kokuba usebenzise i-inhaler.

Inhalers yokudibanisa

IiSteroids zinokudityaniswa nebronchodilators. La ngamayeza anceda ukukhulula izihlunu ezijikeleze umoya wakho. Amayeza ahlukeneyo asetyenziswa ngokudibanisa inhaler anokujolisa kwiindlela ezinkulu okanye ezincinci zomoya.

Ezinye inhalers zokudibanisa eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• I-albuterol kunye ne-ipratropium bromide (Impendulo edibeneyo)
• i-fluticasone-salmeterol inhalation powder (Advair Diskus)
• I-budesonide-formoterol inhalation powder (Symbicort)
• i-fluticasone-umeclidinium-vilanterol (iTrelegy Ellipta)
• i-fluticasone-vilanterol (uBreo Ellipta)
• I-mometasone-formoterol inhalation powder (iDulera), engekho kwilebheli yokusetyenziswa

Izibonelelo

Iindibaniselwano ze-inhalers zisebenza ngokukhawuleza ziyeke ukubhuza kunye nokukhohlela, kunye nokunceda ukuvula iindlela zomoya zokuphefumla ngokulula. Olunye udibaniso lwe-inhalers luyilelwe ukubonelela ngezi zibonelelo ixesha elongezelelweyo emva kokusetyenziswa.

Imiphumela

Iziphumo ezinokubakho zokudibanisa inhalers zibandakanya:

• ukukhohlela kunye nokufutha
• ukubetha kwentliziyo
• uvalo
• isicaphucaphu
• intloko ebuhlungu
• isiyezi
• usulelo emqaleni okanye emlonyeni wakho

Tsalela umnxeba iofisi kagqirha wakho ukuba unamava oku okanye naziphi na ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emva kokudibanisa inhaler (okanye naliphi na iyeza). Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye unentlungu esifubeni, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye ufune unyango olukhawulezileyo kwangoko.

Ukulumkela

Iziphumo ezilungileyo ziyenzeka ukuba uthatha iyeza lokudibanisa yonke imihla, nokuba iimpawu zakho ziphantsi kolawulo. Ukuyeka ngesiquphe kunokukhokelela kwiimpawu ezimbi.

Njengoko i-inhaler esemgangathweni ye-steroid, ukusetyenziswa kwendibaniselwano ye-inhaler kufuneka kulandelwe kunye nokuhlanjwa ngomlomo ukunceda ukuthintela usulelo emlonyeni wakho.

Umngcipheko kunye nezilumkiso

I-Steroids nangaluphi na uhlobo ibeka umngcipheko ukuba zisetyenziswa ixesha elide.

I-Steroids inokusebenzisana namanye amayeza. Ukuxuba i-prednisone kunye neepilisi zentlungu ezifana ne-aspirin (Bayer) okanye ibuprofen (Advil, Midol), inokuphakamisa umngcipheko wezilonda kunye nokuphuma kwesisu.

Ukuthatha ii-NSAIDs kunye nee-steroids kunye ixesha elide kunokubangela ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, okukubeka emngciphekweni weengxaki zentliziyo nezintso.

Kuya kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho onke amayeza kunye nezongezo ozithathayo ukuze bakwazise malunga nonxibelelwano olunokwenzeka. Oku kubandakanya iziyobisi onokuzithatha ngamanye amaxesha entloko.

Olunye unyango lweCOPD

Ukongeza kwi-steroids kunye ne-bronchodilators, amanye amayeza anokunceda ekunciphiseni i-flare-ups kunye nokulawula iimpawu.

Phakathi kwazo kukho i-phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors. Banceda ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokuphumla kwomoya. Zibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abane-bronchitis.

Unokumiselwa kwakhona i-antibiotics ukuba unentsholongwane yebhaktheriya eyenza ukuba iimpawu zakho zeCOPD zibi nakakhulu. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokunceda ekulawuleni ukunyuka okuqatha, kodwa ayenzelwanga ulawulo lweempawu zexesha elide.

Isicwangciso sakho sonyango seCOPD

I-Steroids kunye namanye amayeza ayingxenye yendlela yokwenza unyango lweCOPD. Unokufuna kwakhona unyango lweoksijini.

Ngoncedo lweetanki zeoksijini eziphathwayo nezisindayo, ungaphefumla ioksijini ukuze uqiniseke ukuba umzimba wakho wanele. Abanye abantu baxhomekeke kunyango lweoksijini xa belala. Abanye bayisebenzisa xa besebenza emini.

Ukuvuselelwa kwenkqubo yemiphunga

Ukuba usandul 'ukufumana i-COPD diagnostic, unokufuna ukulungiswa kwemiphunga. Le yinkqubo yemfundo ekunceda ukuba ufunde malunga nokuzilolonga, isondlo, kunye nolunye utshintsho kwindlela onokuyenza ngayo ukuphucula impilo yakho yemiphunga.

Ukuyeka ukutshaya

Elinye lawona manyathelo abalulekileyo onokuwathatha ukuba uyatshaya kukuyeka ukutshaya. Ukutshaya ngoyena nobangela uphambili weCOPD, ke ukuyeka umkhwa kubalulekile ekunciphiseni iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa inkqubela yale meko isongela ubomi.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neemveliso kunye nonyango olunokukunceda uyeke.

Indlela yokuphila esempilweni

Ukunciphisa umzimba kunye nokwenza umthambo yonke imihla kuyacetyiswa ukunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu.

Ukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni kwaye esebenzayo ayinakunyanga i-COPD, kodwa iya kukunceda ukuphucula impilo yemiphunga kunye nokunyusa amanqanaba akho amandla.

Umgca wezantsi

I-COPD ngumceli mngeni omkhulu kwezempilo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kwaye wenze utshintsho olufunekayo ebomini bakho, ungayandisa impilo yakho yokuphefumla kunye nomgangatho wobomi bakho.