Intsomi ye-Mycotoxins: Inyaniso malunga noMngundo kwiKofu

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-Mycotoxins?
• Amanani amancinci eMoldy kunye neMycotoxins afunyenwe kwezinye iiMbotyi zekofu
• Abalimi beCofi basebenzise iindlela ezithile zokugcina umxholo weMycotoxin uphantsi
• Umgca osezantsi

Ngaphandle kokuba unedemon kwixa elidlulileyo, ikofu isempilweni kakhulu.

Ilayishwe ngama-antioxidants, kwaye uphando oluninzi lubona ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwekhofi rhoqo kunxulumene nomngcipheko ophantsi wezifo ezinzulu. Olunye uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba abantu abasela ikofu banokuphila ixesha elide.

Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwakho intetho yemichiza enokuba yingozi- ebizwa ngokuba zii-mycotoxins- kwikofu.

Abanye bathi ikofu eninzi emarikeni inetyhefu kwezi tyhefu, ikwenza ukuba usebenze kakubi kwaye wandise umngcipheko wesifo.

Eli nqaku liphonononge ukuba i-mycotoxins ikofu yinto ekufuneka ukhathazekile ngayo.

Yintoni i-Mycotoxins?

I-Mycotoxins zenziwa ngumngundo- isikhunta esincinci esinokukhula kwizityalo ezinjengeenkozo kunye neembotyi zekofu ukuba zigcinwe ngokungafanelekanga ().

Ezi tyhefu zinokubangela ityhefu xa uzityisa kakhulu ().

Banokubangela imicimbi yezempilo engapheliyo kwaye bangoyena nobangela wongcoliseko lwangaphakathi ngaphakathi, olunokuba yingxaki kwizakhiwo ezindala, ezifumileyo, nezingenamoya ().

Ezinye iikhemikhali eziveliswa ngumngundo zinokuchaphazela impilo yakho kwaye ezinye zisetyenziswe njengeziyobisi.

Oku kubandakanya i-penicillin ye-antibiotic, kunye ne-ergotamine, ichiza elichasene ne-migraine elinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza i-hallucinogen LSD.

Iindidi ezininzi ze-mycotoxin zikhona, kodwa ezona zibalulekileyo kwizityalo zekofu yi-aflatoxin B1 kunye ne-ochratoxin A.

I-Aflatoxin B1 yi-carcinogen eyaziwayo kwaye ibonakalisiwe ineziphumo ezahlukeneyo eziyingozi. I-Ochratoxin A ayifundiswanga kancinci, kodwa ikholelwa ekubeni ibi-carcinogen ebuthathaka kwaye inokuba yingozi kwingqondo nakwizintso (3,).

Okwangoku, kubalulekile ukuba ugcine engqondweni ukuba uhlala uchanekile ekufumaneni izixa zezinto ezinobungozi, ngenxa yoko ii-mycotoxins azifani kuloo nto.

Ngaphezulu, ii-mycotoxins zithintelwa sisibindi sakho kwaye aziqokeleli emzimbeni wakho okoko ukuvezwa kwakho kuhlala kusezantsi.

Kwaye, ubuncinci amazwe ali-100 kwihlabathi liphela alawula amanqanaba ezi khompawundi- nangona ezinye zinemigangatho engqwabalala kunezinye ().

I-Mycotoxins ziikhemikhali eziyityhefu eziveliswa ngumngundo- isikhunta esincinci esifumaneka kwindalo esingqongileyo.Ukubumba kunye ne-mycotoxins kungenzeka kwizityalo ezinjengeenkozo kunye neembotyi zekofu.

Amanani amancinci eMoldy kunye neMycotoxins afunyenwe kwezinye iiMbotyi zekofu

Izifundo ezininzi zifumene amanqanaba alinganisekayo e-mycotoxins kwiimbotyi zekofu- zombini ezigcadiweyo nezingaqhotyoshelwanga- kunye nekofu eyenziwe:

• I-33% yeesampulu zeembotyi zekofu eluhlaza ezivela eBrazil zazinamanqanaba asezantsi e-ochratoxin A ().
• Iipesenti ezingama-45 zokwenza ikofu ezivela kwiimbotyi zekofu ezifumaneka ngentengiso ziqulathe i-ochratoxin A ().
• Ii-Aflatoxins zifunyenwe kwiimbotyi zekofu eluhlaza, elona nqanaba liphezulu kwiimbotyi zecaffeine. Ukugoba kunciphise amanqanaba ngama-42-55% (8).
• Iipesenti ezingama-27 zekofu eyosiweyo iqulethe i-ochratoxin A, kodwa izixa eziphezulu kakhulu zafunyanwa kwisilili ().

Ke, ubungqina bubonisa ukuba ii-mycotoxins zikhona kwipesenti enkulu yeembotyi zekofu kwaye ziyenza ibe sisiselo sokugqibela.

Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba abo angaphantsi kakhulu komda wokhuseleko.

Kuyaqondakala ukuba, unokungayithandi imbono yokuba neetyhefu ekutyeni okanye kwiziselo zakho. Okwangoku, gcinani engqondweni ukuba iityhefu-kubandakanya i-mycotoxins -zikuyo yonke indawo, zisenza ukuba kungabikho ndlela yokuphepha ngokupheleleyo.

Ngokophando olunye, phantse zonke iintlobo zokutya zinokungcoliseka zii-mycotoxins, kwaye phantse igazi lomntu wonke linokuvavanya ukuba une-ochratoxin A. Ikwafumaneke kubisi lwebele lomntu (,).

Ukutya okwahlukeneyo kunye neziselo zinamlinganiso we-mycotoxins, ezinjengokhozo, iidiliya, ibhiya, iwayini, itshokholethi emnyama kunye nebhotolo yamandongomane (,).

Ke ngoko, nangona usenokungenisa kwaye uphefumle iityhefu ezahlukeneyo suku ngalunye, akufuneki uchaphazeleke ukuba izixa zabo zincinci.

Amabango okuba i-mycotoxins inoxanduva lokungcamla ikofu ekrakra nayo ayichanekanga. Inani leetannins kwikofu limisela ubukrakra-ubungqina bokuba i-mycotoxins ayinanto yakwenza nayo iyasilela.

Ukuthengwa kweemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu- nokuba ikofu okanye okunye ukutya-yinto elungileyo, kodwa ukuhlawula ngakumbi iimbotyi zekofu ezingasetyenziswa yi-mycotoxin kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukuchitha kwemali.

Landa isixa se-mycotoxins esifunyenwe kwiimbotyi zekofu, kodwa iimali zingaphantsi kakhulu kwemida yezokhuseleko kwaye ziphantsi kakhulu ukuba zingabaluleki ngokubonakalayo.

Abalimi beCofi basebenzise iindlela ezithile zokugcina umxholo weMycotoxin uphantsi

Ukubumba kunye ne-mycotoxins ekutyeni akuyona into entsha.

Ziingxaki ezaziwayo, kwaye abalimi bekofu bafumene iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokujongana nazo.

Eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo ibizwa ngokuba kukumanziswa kwamanzi, okususa ngokufanelekileyo ukungunda kunye ne-mycotoxins (14).

Ukroba iimbotyi kwakhona kubulala ukungunda okuvelisa i-mycotoxins. Ngokwesinye isifundo, ukugcoba kunokunciphisa i-ochratoxin A amanqanaba ngama-69-96% ().

Umgangatho wekhofi ulinganiswe ngokwenkqubo yokuhlela, kwaye ubukho besikhunta okanye ii-mycotoxin ziwanciphisa kakhulu la manqaku.

Ngaphezulu, izityalo ziyalahlwa ukuba zigqithile kwinqanaba elithile.

Nkqu iikhofi ezikumgangatho osezantsi zinamanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu kwimida yezokhuseleko ebekwe ngabasemagunyeni olawulo kwaye ingaphantsi kakhulu kwenqanaba eliboniswe ukuba lenze ingozi.

Kwisifundo saseSpain, iyonke i-ochratoxin Ukuvezwa kwabantu abadala kuqikelelwa ukuba yi-3% kuphela yenqanaba eliphezulu elithathwa njengekhuselekileyo liGunya loKhuseleko loKutya laseYurophu (EFSA) ().

Olunye uphononongo lubonise ukuba iikomityi ezine zekofu mihla le zibonelela nge-2% kuphela ye-ochratoxin Ukuvezwa okubonwa njengokukhuselekileyo nguMbutho woKutya nezoLimo (i-FAO) kunye noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) (17).

Ikofu enesitayile ihlala ithambekele kwi-mycotoxins, njengoko icaffeine inqanda ukukhula komngundo. Ikofu yangoku nayo inamanqanaba aphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba asephantsi kakhulu ukuba angaxhalabisi ().

Abenzi bekhofi bayazi kakuhle umba we-mycotoxin kwaye basebenzise iindlela ezinje ngokulungiswa okumanzi ukunciphisa kakhulu amanqanaba ezi zinto.

Umgca osezantsi

I-Mycotoxins ifumaneka ngesixa esincinci kukutya okwahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ikofu.

Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba abo kufuneka abekwe iliso ngokungqongqo ngabavelisi kunye nabasemagunyeni kukhuseleko lokutya. Xa kugqithisiwe kwimida yokhuseleko, iimveliso zokutya ziyakhunjulwa okanye zilahlwe.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba izibonelelo zekofu zisazodlula kude izinto ezimbi. Ngaphezulu, ubungqina bokuba ukuvezwa kwinqanaba eliphantsi le-mycotoxin kuyingozi kuyasilela.

Okwangoku, ukuba ufuna ukunciphisa umngcipheko, sela kuphela umgangatho, ikofu ene-caffeine kwaye uyigcine kwindawo eyomileyo, ebandayo.

Ikwangumbono olungileyo ukunqanda ukongeza iswekile okanye iikhrimu ezinzima ukugcina ikofu yakho isempilweni kangangoko.