IPapillary Carcinoma yeThyroid

Umxholo

• Iimpawu ze-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid
• Yintoni unobangela we-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid?
• Ukuvavanywa nokuchongwa komhlaza wedlala lengqula
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• I-Ultrasound
• Ukuskena kwe-thyroid
• Uqhaqho
• Ukubeka umhlaza wephepha lomhlaza wedlala lengqula
• Abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45
• Unyango lwe-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid
• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngemitha
• Imitha yangaphandle
• Imitha yangaphakathi
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango lwehormone
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo
• Uyintoni umbono wecapillary thyroid cancer?

Yintoni i-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid?

I-thyroid gland yimilo yebhabhathane kwaye ihleli ngaphezu kwekhola yakho embindini wentamo yakho. Umsebenzi wawo kukugcina iihomoni ezilawula imetabolism kunye nokukhula.

Izilonda ezingaqhelekanga entanyeni yakho zinokuba luphawu lwengxaki yengqula. Uninzi lwexesha, isigaxa siya kuba sesinobungozi kwaye singenabungozi. Isenokuba yinto elula yokwakha iiseli ze-thyroid ezenze ubunzima bezicubu. Ngamanye amaxesha iqhuma liyi-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid.

Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu zomhlaza wedlala lengqula. I-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Lo mhlaza uxhaphakile kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45.

I-Papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid ngumhlaza okhula kancinci ovela kuphela kwilungu elinye ledlala lengqula. Xa ubanjiwe kumanqanaba okuqala alo mhlaza unezinga eliphezulu lokusinda.

Iimpawu ze-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid

I-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid ngokuqhelekileyo ayinasifo, oko kuthetha ukuba ayinayo impawu. Unokuziva ugaxekile kwidlala lengqula kodwa uninzi lwamaqhuqhuva kwidlala lengqula alunomhlaza. Kodwa ukuba uziva usisiqhuma, kuya kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wakho. Baza kuba nakho ukukunika iimviwo kunye noku-odola uvavanyo lokuqonda ukuba kunyanzelekile.

Yintoni unobangela we-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid?

Isizathu ngqo papillary carcinoma le ndlala ayaziwa. Kunokubakho ukuguquka kwemfuza okubandakanyekayo kodwa uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukuqinisekisa le hypothesis.

Omnye umngcipheko wesifo kukuvezwa kwentloko, intamo, okanye isifuba kwimitha. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo ngaphambi kweminyaka yama-1960 xa imitha yayilunyango oluqhelekileyo lweemeko ezinjenge-acne kunye neetoni ezivuthayo. Imitha ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza othile.

Abantu abachaphazeleke kwintlekele zenyukliya okanye bahlala ngaphakathi kweekhilomitha ezingama-200 kwintlekele yenyukliya basemngciphekweni omkhulu. Banokudinga ukuthatha i-potassium iodide ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza.

Ukuvavanywa nokuchongwa komhlaza wedlala lengqula

Ugqirha wakho unokuchonga i-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid usebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Uvavanyo lweklinikhi luya kutyhila nakuphi na ukudumba kwithwele lengqula kunye nezicubu ezikufutshane. Ugqirha wakho emva koko unoku-odola inaliti enqwenelekayo ye-thyroid. Le yi-biopsy apho ugqirha wakho aqokelela khona izicwili kwisigaxa se-thyroid. Esi sihlunu sivavanywa phantsi kwemicroscope yeseli yomhlaza.

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo zegazi ukujonga amanqanaba ehomoni ekhuthaza idlala lengqula (TSH). I-TSH yihomoni eveliswa yidlala yebhinqa, evuselela ukukhutshwa kwencindi yedlala lengqula. Ubuninzi okanye i-TSH encinci sisizathu sokukhathazeka. Ingabonisa iintlobo zezifo ze-thyroid, kodwa ayibalulekanga kwimeko enye, kuquka umhlaza.

I-Ultrasound

Ingcali iya kwenza i-ultrasound ye-thyroid gland. Olu vavanyo lwe-imaging luya kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ubungakanani kunye nokumila kwe-thyroid yakho. Kananjalo baya kuba nakho ukubhaqa nawaphi na amaqhuqhuva kwaye bagqibe ukuba ngaba bangabantu abomeleleyo okanye bazaliswe lulwelo. Amaqhuqhuva agcwaliswe ngulwelo ngokwesiqhelo awunguye umhlaza, ngelixa awomeleleyo anethuba elikhulu lokuba nobubi.

Ukuskena kwe-thyroid

Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukwenza i-thyroid scan. Kule nkqubo, uya kuginya isixa esincinci sedayi enemitha eqengqelwe ziiseli zakho ze-thyroid. Ukujonga indawo ye-nodule kwiskena, ugqirha wakho uya kubona ukuba "kushushu" okanye "kuyabanda." Amaqhuqhuva ashushu athatha idayi ngakumbi kuneethishu ze-thyroid ezijikelezileyo kwaye zihlala zingenawo umhlaza. Amaqhuqhuva abandayo awathathi idayi eninzi njengezicwili ezijikelezileyo kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba zibenzima.

Uqhaqho

Ugqirha wakho wenza i-biopsy ukufumana isiqwenga seethishu kwi-thyroid yakho. Ukuchongwa ngokuqinisekileyo kunokwenzeka emva kokuba izicwili zivavanywe phantsi kwemicroscope. Oku kuyakuvumela ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza we-thyroid okhoyo.

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza i-biopsy esenza inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-needle aspiration. Okanye banokwenza utyando ukuba bafuna isampulu enkulu. Ngexesha lotyando, ugqirha wakho uhlala esusa indawo enkulu ye-thyroid kwaye unokususa yonke incindi xa kukho imfuneko.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kwe-biopsy okanye olunye uvavanyo ukuba unengxaki okanye unemibuzo. Ugqirha wakho kufuneka akuchazele ukuba yintoni, ukuba ikhona, amayeza onokuwadinga emva kotyando.

Ukubeka umhlaza wephepha lomhlaza wedlala lengqula

Emva kokuxilongwa, ugqirha wakho uza kubeka umhlaza. Inqanaba ligama elisetyenziselwa indlela oogqirha ababonisa ngayo ubungqongqo besifo kunye nonyango olufunekayo.

Ukubeka umhlaza wedlala lengqula kwahlukile kunezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Kukho amanqanaba 1 ukuya kwi-4, ngokulandelelana kokunyuka kobukrakra. Isiteji sithathela ingqalelo iminyaka yomntu kunye nesihlokwana somhlaza wabo we-thyroid. Ukubeka umhlaza wephepha le-thyroid umi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45

• Inqanaba 1: Ithumba nabuphi na ubungakanani, inokuba ikwi-thyroid, kwaye inokuba isasazeke nakwizicubu ezikufuphi nakwii-lymph node. Umhlaza awusasazekanga kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
• Inqanaba 2: Ithumba nabuphi na ubungakanani kwaye umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba njengemiphunga okanye ithambo. Inokuthi isasazeka kwii-lymph nodes.

Akukho nqanaba 3 okanye isigaba 4 sabantu abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwama-45 abanomdlavuza wephepha.

Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45

• Inqanaba 1: Ithumba lingaphantsi kweesentimitha ezi-2 (cm) kwaye umhlaza ufunyanwa kuphela kwidlala lengqula.
• Inqanaba 2: Ithumba likhulu kune-2 cm kodwa lincinci kune-4 cm kwaye lisafumaneka kuphela kwidlala lengqula.
• Inqanaba 3: Ithumba lingaphezulu kwe-4 cm kwaye likhule kancinane ngaphandle kwedlala lengqula, kodwa alizange lisasazeke kwii-lymph node ezikufuphi okanye kwamanye amalungu. Okanye, ithumba nabuphi na ubungakanani kwaye inokuba ikhule kancinci ngaphandle kwe-thyroid kwaye isasazeka kwii-lymph node ezijikeleze idlala lengqula entanyeni. Khange isasazeke kwezinye i-lymph node okanye amanye amalungu.
• Inqanaba 4: Ithumba nabuphi na ubungakanani kwaye bunwenwele kwamanye amalungu omzimba njengemiphunga namathambo. Inokuthi isasazeka kwii-lymph nodes.

Unyango lwe-papillary carcinoma ye-thyroid

Ngokwe-Mayo Clinic, unyango oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wedlala lengqula lubandakanya:

• utyando
• unyango lwemitha, kubandakanya unyango lwe-iodine radioactive (NCI)
• ichemotherapy
• Unyango lwehomoni yedlala lengqula
• unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Ukuba umhlaza wephepha lomhlaza awuzange usasaze okanye usasaze, uqhaqho kunye neayodini enemitha yelona nyango lusebenzayo.

Ugqirha

Ukuba uqhaqho lomhlaza wedlala lengqula, unokuba nenxalenye okanye yonke incindi yedlala lengqula. Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza oku ngokwenza intambo entanyeni yakho xa uphantsi kwesilaliso. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ususa yonke idlala lengqula, kuya kufuneka uthathe iihormone ze-thyroid ezongezelelekileyo ebomini bakho ukuze uphathe i-hypothyroidism.

Unyango ngemitha

Zimbini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwemitha: lwangaphandle nolwangaphakathi. Imitha engaphandle ibandakanya umatshini ongaphandle komzimba othumela imitha emzimbeni. Imitha yangaphakathi, unyango lwe-iodine enemitha (radioiodine), luza lulwelo okanye ipilisi.

Imitha yangaphandle

Imitha yelanga yangaphandle yonyango oluya ngqo kwimitha yeX-ray kwindawo yomhlaza. Olu nyango luxhaphake kakhulu kwezinye, iindlela ezinoburharha zomhlaza wedlala lengqula. Ihlala isetyenziswa ukuba umhlaza wephepha we-thyroid usasazeka kwi-thyroid okanye xa ingozi yokuhlinzwa iphezulu kakhulu.

Imitha yelanga engaphandle inokubonelela ngonyango lokunyanga xa unyango lungenakwenzeka. Unyango lwe-Palliative luyanceda ukulawula iimpawu, kodwa aluyi kuchaphazela umhlaza.

Imitha yangaphakathi

Ukwenza ihomoni yedlala lengqula, iiseli ze-thyroid zithatha iodine egazini kwaye ziyisebenzise ukwenza iincindi zamadlala. Alikho elinye ilungu lomzimba wakho eligxila kule iodine ngolu hlobo. Xa iiseli ze-thyroid ezinomhlaza zithatha iodine ye-radioactive, ibulala iiseli.

Unyango lwe-iodine ye-radioactive lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinemitha ye-I-131. Unokulufumana olu nyango kwimeko yokunyanga ngaphandle kuba amayeza e-I-131 eza kulwelo okanye iphilisi. Uninzi lwenxalenye eqhumayo yamachiza ayisekho emzimbeni wakho kwiveki enye.

Unyango ngamayeza

Amachiza e-Chemotherapy ayamisa iiseli zomhlaza ekwahlukaneni. Uya kufumana olu nyango ngenaliti.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamachiza e-chemotherapy ajolise kwiintlobo ezithile zeeseli zomhlaza. Ugqirha wakho uya kukunceda uthathe isigqibo sokuba leliphi ichiza elilungele wena.

Unyango lwehormone

Unyango lweHormone lunyango lomhlaza olususa iincindi zamadlala okanye ibhlokhe isenzo sabo kwaye luyekise iiseli zomhlaza ekukhuleni. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anokuthintela umzimba wakho ekuveliseni iihomoni ezikhuthaza idlala lengqula. Ezi zihomoni ezibangela umhlaza ukuba uphuhle kwidlala lengqula.

Abanye abantu abane-thyroid esuswe ngokungacacanga baya kuthatha iipilisi zokufaka i-hormone kuba i-thyroid yabo ayikwazi ukuvelisa i-hormone ye-thyroid eyaneleyo.

Unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Ukunyanga okujolise kunyango kufuna uphawu oluthile kwiiseli zomhlaza, njengokutshintsha kwemfuza okanye iproteni, kwaye zinamathele kwezi seli. Nje ukuba uqhotyoshelwe, la mayeza angazibulala iiseli okanye anokunceda ezinye iindlela zonyango, ezinje nge-chemotherapy, zisebenze ngcono.

Ukuphunyezwa kwamachiza ekujolise kuwo kunyango lwe-thyroid kubandakanya vandetanib (Caprelsa), cabozantinib (COMETRIQ), kunye ne-sorafenib (Nexavar).

Uyintoni umbono wecapillary thyroid cancer?

Imbonakalo yomhlaza wephepha we-thyroid umhle kakhulu ukuba ufunyaniswe kwangaphambili. Ukufumanisa kwangoko kubalulekile ekunyangeni isifo. Yiya kugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba uphawula naziphi na izigaqa ezijikeleze ummandla wedlala lengqula yakho.