Phawula ukulunywa: Iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Amakhalane akhangeleka njani?
• Aphi amakhalane aluma abantu?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zokulunywa likhalane?
• Q:
• A:
• Ukuchonga ukulunywa likhalane
• Ngaba ukulunywa ngamakhalane kunokubangela ezinye iingxaki?
• Amakhalane ahlala phi?
• Ukunyangwa kwamakhalane kunyangwa njani?
• Ungaluthintela njani usulelo ekulunyukisweni ngamakhalane?

Sibandakanya iimveliso esicinga ukuba ziluncedo kubafundi bethu. Ukuba uthenga amakhonkco kweli phepha, sinokufumana ikhomishini encinci. Nantsi inkqubo yethu.

Ngaba ukulunywa ngamakhalane kuyingozi?

Amakhalane aqhelekile eMelika. Bahlala ngaphandle e:

• ingca
• imithi
• izihlahla
• iimfumba zamagqabi

Banomtsalane ebantwini nakwizilwanyana zasekhaya ezinemilenze emine, kwaye banokuhamba ngokulula phakathi kwezi zimbini. Ukuba uchithe naliphi na ixesha ngaphandle, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe wadibana namakhalane ngaxa lithile.

Ukuphawula ukuluma kuhlala kungenabungozi, kwimeko apho azibangeli zimpawu zibonakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, amakhalane anokubangela ukungalungelani, kwaye amakhalane athile angadlulisela izifo ebantwini nakwizilwanyana ezifuywayo xa ziluma. Ezi zinokuba yingozi okanye zibulale.

Funda ukuba ungawabona njani amakhalane, iimpawu zezifo ezithwalwa ngamakhalane, nokuba wenzeni xa ulunywa likhalane.

Amakhalane akhangeleka njani?

Amakhalane zincinci, zitsala igazi. Ziyakwazi ukuhluka ngobukhulu ukusuka kwincinci njengenhloko yesikhonkwane ukuya kwi-eraser enkulu. Amakhalane anemilenze esibhozo. Ziyi-arachnids, oko kuthetha ukuba zihambelana nezigcawu.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamakhalane zinokwahluka ngombala ukusuka kwibala elimdaka ukuya kumbala obomdaka ngombala nomnyama.

Njengokuba bengena igazi elingaphezulu, amakhalane akhula. Kwezona ndawo zinkulu, amakhalane anokulingana nobungakanani beemabhile. Emva kokuba amakhalane esondla umninimzi kangangeentsuku ezininzi, ziyafakwa kwaye zinokujika umbala oluhlaza-blowu.

Aphi amakhalane aluma abantu?

Amakhalane akhetha indawo ezishushu nezifumileyo emzimbeni. Nje ukuba uphawu lufike emzimbeni wakho, kunokwenzeka ukuba bafudukele emakhwapheni, emiphakathini, okanye kwizinwele. Xa bekwindawo enqwenelekayo, bayaluma kulusu lwakho kwaye baqale ukutsala igazi.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iincukuthu ezilumayo, amakhalane ahlala aqhotyoshelwe emzimbeni wakho emva kokuba ekulumile. Ukuba umntu uyakuluma, uya kwazi kuba uyakufumana uphawu lokukorekisha kulusu lwakho. Emva kwexesha elifikelela kwiintsuku ezili-10 zokutsala igazi emzimbeni wakho, uphawu lokukhuphela lunokuzikhulula kwaye luwe.

Ziintoni iimpawu zokulunywa likhalane?

Ukuphawula ukuluma kuhlala kungenabungozi kwaye akunakuvelisa zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unobungozi bokulunywa ngamakhalane, unokufumana:

• iintlungu okanye ukudumba kwindawo yokuluma
• irhashalala
• imvakalelo yokutshisa kwindawo yokuluma
• amadyungudyungu
• ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuba buqatha

Amanye amakhalane anezifo, ezinokudluliselwa xa ziluma. Izifo ezithwala amakhalane zinokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kwaye zihlala zikhula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokulunywa ngamakhalane. Iimpawu ezinokubakho zezifo ezithwalwa ngamakhalane zibandakanya:

• indawo ebomvu okanye irhashalala kufutshane nendawo yokuluma
• irhashalala epheleleyo yomzimba
• ukuqina kwentamo
• intloko ebuhlungu
• isicaphucaphu
• ubuthathaka
• intlungu yesihlunu okanye edibeneyo okanye ukudinwa
• umkhuhlane
• Ukugodola
• ukudumba kwamalungu enkovu

Qiniseka ukuba ufuna uncedo lonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ulunywe likhalane ukuze uvavanywe kulo naluphi na unyango olunokubakho.

Q:

Ngaba yonke into elunywayo lwamakhalane ifuna unyango lwezifo?

A:

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ayimfuneko ukuba unentsholongwane yolusu kwindawo yokuluma okanye ukuba uyaqhubeka nokukrwela ulacerate ulusu.

Ukuba ulunywe yingcongconi kwindawo enobungozi kakhulu kwizifo ezithile ezithwalwa ngamakhalane (umzekelo, isifo seLyme), okanye ukuba uphawu lokukorekisha luqhotyoshelwe kuwe ixesha elide, kungcono ukhuseleke kunokuba uzisole kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho ukuba aqalise unyango lwe-antibiotic.

Ukuchonga ukulunywa likhalane

Phawula ukulunywa kuhlala kulula ukufumanisa. Kungenxa yokuba uphawu lokukorekisha luhlala luqhotyoshelwe esikhumbeni kangangeentsuku ezili-10 emva kokuba ulumile okokuqala. Inkoliso yokulunywa ngamakhalane ayinabungozi kwaye ayizukubangela zimpawu zomzimba. Ziintlobo ezithile ezithile zamakhalane ezisasaza izifo.

Phawula ukulunywa ngesiqhelo sisinye kuba amakhalane awalumi ngokwamaqela okanye imigca.

Ngaba ukulunywa ngamakhalane kunokubangela ezinye iingxaki?

Amakhalane angasasaza izifo ebantwini. Ezi zifo zinokuba nzulu.

Uninzi lweempawu okanye iimpawu zesifo esithwalwa ngamakhalane ziya kuqala ukuvela kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokulunywa ngamakhalane. Kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza emva kokulunywa ngamakhalane, nokuba awunazimpawu.

Umzekelo, kwiindawo zelizwe apho isifo seLyme sixhaphakile, kunokucetyiswa phantsi kweemeko ezithile ukuba ufumane unyango lwesifo seLyme emva kokulunywa likhalane nangaphambi kokuba kuqale iimpawu.

Kwiimeko zeRocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), esi sifo kufuneka sinyangwe ngokukhawuleza xa kurhanelwa.

Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha emva kokulunywa likhalane uqala ukufumana iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ezinje ngomkhuhlane, irhashalala, okanye iintlungu ezidibeneyo, kubalulekile ukuba ufune unyango kwangoko. Yazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba ikhalane lisandokuluma.

Ugqirha wakho uya kugqibezela imbali, uvavanyo, kunye nokuvavanya ukumisela ukuba iimpawu zakho ziziphumo zesifo esihanjiswa ngamakhalane.

Ezinye izifo onokuthi uzibambe ngokulunywa ngamakhalane zibandakanya:

• Isifo seLyme
• Intaba enamatye anqabileyo
• Umkhuhlane weColorado
• tularemia
• ehrlichiosis

Amakhalane ahlala phi?

Amakhalane ahlala ngaphandle. Bazifihla engceni, emithini, ematyholweni nakwibrashi engaphantsi.

Ukuba ungaphandle ukunyuka intaba okanye udlala, unokukhetha uphawu lokukorekisha. Ikhalane linokuzibandakanya nesilwanyana sakho sasekhaya. Amakhalane anokuhlala encamathele kwisilwanyana sakho sasekhaya, okanye anokufudukela kuwe ngelixa uchukumisa okanye ubambe isilwanyana sakho. Amakhalane anokukushiya kwaye azincamathisele kwimfuyo yakho.

Iindidi ngeendidi zamakhalane zikhona kubantu abaninzi kwilizwe liphela. Uninzi lwamazwe analo uhlobo olunye lwetrikhi eyaziwa ukuba ihlala apho. Amakhalane aphakathi kwenani lentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, ubukhulu becala ngo-Epreli ukuya kuSeptemba.

Ukunyangwa kwamakhalane kunyangwa njani?

Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ukuba uyenze xa ufumana uphawu lokukorekisha kuwe kukususa. Ungalususa uphawu lwakho ngesixhobo sokususa amakhalane okanye ngeseti yethambiso. Landela la manyathelo:

1. Bamba uphawu lokukhangela kufutshane kangangoko unako kumphezulu wolusu lwakho.
2. Tsala ngokuthe ngqo phezulu kwaye kude nolusu, usebenzise uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo. Zama ukugoba okanye ukujija itiki.
3. Jonga indawo yokuluma ukuze ubone ukuba ushiye nayiphi na intloko okanye amakhonkco omlomo kulunya. Ukuba kunjalo, susa ezo.
4. Coca indawo yokuluma ngesepha namanzi.
5. Xa sele ulisusile ithiki, lifake ngokurabha utywala ukuqinisekisa ukuba lifile. Yibeke kwisitya esitywiniweyo.

Yiya kugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumanise ukuba ngaba lukhona na unyango oluyimfuneko ngokusekwe kuhlobo lwethikh. Iindawo ezahlukileyo zelizwe zinemingcipheko eyahlukeneyo xa kufikwa kwizifo ezibangelwa kukulunywa ngamakhalane.

Kubalulekile ukuba ubone ugqirha wakho kwakamsinya emva kokulunywa ngamakhalane ukuze uthethe ngomngcipheko wakho, zeziphi iingxaki ekufuneka ujonge kuzo, kunye nexesha lokulandela.

Ungaluthintela njani usulelo ekulunyukisweni ngamakhalane?

Ukuthintela ukulunywa ngamakhalane yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphepha ukugula okubangelwa ngamakhalane.

• Nxiba ihempe enemikhono emide nebhulukhwe xa uhamba ehlathini okanye kwiindawo ezinengca apho amakhalane aqhelekile.
• Hamba embindini weendlela.
• Sebenzisa izinto zokugxotha amakhalane ubuncinci iipesenti ezingama-20 ze-DEET.
• Phatha iimpahla kunye nezixhobo ngepesenti eyi-0.5 yepesenti
• Thatha ishawa okanye ibhafu kwisithuba seeyure ezimbini ungaphandle.
• Jonga ulusu ngokusondeleyo emva kokuba kwindawo ezithandwa ngamakhalane, ngakumbi phantsi kweengalo, emva kweendlebe, phakathi kwemilenze, ngasemva kwamadolo, nasezinweleni.

Ngokwesiqhelo kuthabatha ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24 zokondla ngomkhaza ophethe isifo ukosulela umntu. Ke, ngokukhawuleza ukuba uphawu lokukhusela lungachongwa kwaye lususwe, kungcono.