Ihanjiswa njani i-coronavirus entsha (i-COVID-19)

Umxholo

• 1. Ukukhohlela nokuthimla
• 2. Ukuqhagamshelana nemimandla engcolileyo
• 3. Ukudluliselwa kwelizwi ngomlomo
• Iinguqu ze-COVID-19
• Ungayifumani njani i-coronavirus
• Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukubamba intsholongwane ngaphezulu kwesinye?

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-coronavirus entsha, enoxanduva lwe-COVID-19, kwenzeka ikakhulu ngokuphefumla ngamathontsi amathe kunye nokuphefumla okunokumiswa emoyeni xa umntu one-COVID-19 ekhohlela okanye ethimla.

Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba kwamkelwe amanyathelo othintelo, njengokuhlamba izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi, ukunqande ukuhlala endlwini nabantu abaninzi nokuvala umlomo nempumlo nanini na xa ufuna ukuthimla okanye ukukhohlela.

ICoronavirus lusapho lweentsholongwane ezijongene notshintsho lokuphefumla, oluhlala lubangela umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela kakhulu kunye nokuphefumla nzima. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-coronaviruses kunye neempawu zosulelo lwe-COVID-19.

Ezona ndlela ziphambili zosasazo lwe-coronavirus entsha zibonakala ngathi:

1. Ukukhohlela nokuthimla

Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuhambisa i-COVID-19 kukusezela amathe okanye imfihlo yokuphefumla, enokubakho emoyeni imizuzwana embalwa okanye imizuzu emva kokukhohlela okanye ukuthimla komntu onesifo esosulelayo.

Olu hlobo losasazo luthethelela inani elikhulu labantu abosulelekileyo yile ntsholongwane, kwaye ke, yabhengezwa nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) njengeyona ndlela iphambili yosasazo lwe-COVID-19, kunye namanyathelo afana nokugqoka imaski yokhuselo indawo kufuneka zamkelwe esidlangalaleni, kuthintele ukuba ngaphakathi kwabantu abaninzi kwaye uhlala uvale umlomo kunye nempumlo xa ufuna ukukhohlela okanye ukuthimla ekhaya.

Ngokophando olwenziwe liZiko leSizwe lezifo ezosulelayo zaseJapan ^[3], kukho umngcipheko ophindwe kalishumi elinethoba wokubamba intsholongwane ngaphakathi, kunangaphandle, ngokuchanekileyo kuba kukho unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kwabantu kunye nexesha elide.

2. Ukuqhagamshelana nemimandla engcolileyo

Ukuqhagamshelana nemimandla engcolileyo yenye indlela ebalulekileyo yokuhambisa i-COVID-19, kuba, ngophando olwenziwe e-United States. ^[2], i-coronavirus entsha inokuhlala isosulela ukuya kwiintsuku ezintathu kwezinye iindawo:

• Iplastiki kunye nentsimbi engenasici: ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-3;
• Ubhedu: 4 iiyure;
• Ikhadibhodi: Iiyure ezingama-24.

Xa ubeka izandla zakho kule mihlaba emva koko uthambise ubuso bakho, ukukrwela iliso lakho okanye ucoce umlomo wakho, umzekelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ungangcoliseka yintsholongwane, enokungena emzimbeni ngembonakalo yomlomo wakho , Amehlo nempumlo.

Ngesi sizathu, i-WHO icebisa ukuhlanjwa kwezandla rhoqo, ngakumbi emva kokuba zikwiindawo zikawonke-wonke okanye abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokungcoliseka ngamathontsi okukhohlela okanye ukuthimla kwabanye. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba ubulale iintsholongwane kumphezulu rhoqo. Bona ngakumbi malunga nokucoca indawo ekhaya nasemsebenzini ukuzikhusela kwi-COVID-19.

3. Ukudluliselwa kwelizwi ngomlomo

Isifundo esenziwe ngoFebruwari 2020 e-China ^[1] Ucebise ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwe-coronavirus entsha kunokwenzeka ngendlela ye-fecal-ngomlomo, ngakumbi ebantwaneni, kuba i-8 yabantwana abayi-10 ebandakanyiweyo kolu phando ineziphumo ezilungileyo ze-coronavirus kwi-rectal swab kunye ne-negative kwi-nasal swab, ebonisa ukuba intsholongwane ingahlala kumzila wesisu. Ukongeza, uphononongo lwamva nje ukusuka ngoMeyi 2020 ^[4], ikwabonakalise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwahlula intsholongwane kwilindle labali-12 kwabangama-28 abadala abafundileyo kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba bane-COVID-19.

Abaphandi baseSpain baqinisekisile ubukho be-coronavirus entsha kumjelo wamanzi amdaka ^[5] kwaye yafumanisa ukuba i-SARS-CoV2 yayikhona nangaphambi kokuba kuqinisekiswe amatyala okuqala, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba intsholongwane yayisele ijikeleza phakathi kwabantu. Olunye uphononongo lwenziwe eNetherlands ^[6] ijolise ekuchongeni amasuntswana wentsholongwane kumjelo ohambisa amanzi amdaka kwaye aqinisekisa ukuba ezinye zeempawu zentsholongwane zazikho, ezinokubonisa ukuba intsholongwane ingapheliswa kwilindle.

Kwesinye isifundo esenziwe phakathi kukaJanuwari noMatshi 2020 ^[8], kwizigulana ezingama-41 kwizigulana ezingama-74 ezine-SARS-CoV-2 ezi-rectal kunye ne-nasal swab, i-nasal swab yahlala intle kangangeentsuku ezili-16, ngelixa i-rectal swab ihlala ilungile malunga neentsuku ezingama-27 emva kokuqala kweempawu., ebonisa ukuba I-swab inokunika iziphumo ezichanekileyo ngokubhekisele kubukho bentsholongwane emzimbeni.

Ukongeza, olunye uphando ^[9] ifumanise ukuba abaguli abane-SARS-CoV-2 ye-rectal swab enezibalo ezisezantsi ze-lymphocyte, impendulo enkulu yokuvuvukala kunye notshintsho olukhulu kwisifo, ebonisa ukuba i-rectal swab elungileyo inokuba sisalathiso esibi se-COVID-19.Yiyo loo nto kuvavanyo lwe-SARS-CoV-2 ngokuthe ngqo inokuba sisicwangciso esisebenzayo ngokubhekisele ekubekeni iliso kwizigulana ezine-SARS-CoV-2 usulelo oluqinisekiswe luvavanyo lweemolekyuli ezenziwe ngeempumlo zempumlo.

Le ndlela yosasazo isafundwa, nangona kunjalo izifundo ebezibonisiwe ngaphambili zingqina ubukho bale ndlela yosulelo, enokuthi yenziwe ngokusetyenziswa kwamanzi angcolileyo, ukuphefumla amathontsi okanye iierosol kwizityalo zokucoca amanzi okanye ngokudibana nemiphezulu engcoliswe Ilindle eliqulathe intsholongwane.

Ngaphandle kwezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo, ugqithiso lwelindle-ngomlomo alukangqinwa, kwaye nokuba umthamo wentsholongwane ofumaneka kwezi sampuli uwanele ukubangela usulelo, nangona kunjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubekwa esweni kwamanzi amdaka kuthathwa njengesicwangciso sokujonga ukwanda kwentsholongwane.

Ukuqonda ngcono ukuba usasazo lwenzeka njani kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela kwi-COVID-19:

Iinguqu ze-COVID-19

Ngenxa yokuba yintsholongwane ye-RNA, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba i-SARS-CoV-2, eyintsholongwane inoxanduva lwesi sifo, ukuba yenze utshintsho ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngokwenguqu etshintshileyo, indlela yokuziphatha kwintsholongwane inokutshintshwa, njengamandla okuhambisa, ubungqongqo besifo kunye nokumelana nonyango.

Olunye lweenguqulelo zentsholongwane eziye zafumana ukubalasela lolunye olwafunyanwa okokuqala e-United Kingdom kwaye lunezinto ezili-17 ezenzeke kwintsholongwane okanye kwangaxeshanye kwaye ezibonakala ngathi zenza olu hlobo lutsha lusasazeke ngakumbi.

Kungenxa yokuba ezinye zezi nguqu zihambelana nemfuza enoxanduva lokufaka ikhowudi kwiprotein esemhlabeni yentsholongwane kwaye ebopha iiseli zabantu. Ke, ngenxa yenguquko, intsholongwane inokubopha iiseli ngokulula kwaye ibangele usulelo.

Ukongeza, ezinye iiyantlukwano zeSARS-CoV-2 zichongiwe eMzantsi Afrika naseBrazil ezinamandla okuhambisa amakhulu kwaye ezingahambelaniyo namatyala amabi kakhulu e-COVID-19. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifundo ziyafuneka ukunceda ukuqonda ngcono indlela yokuziphatha kwintsholongwane ngenxa yezi nguqu.

Ungayifumani njani i-coronavirus

Ukuthintela usulelo lwe-COVID-19, kuyacetyiswa ukwamkela iseti yamanyathelo okhuseleko aquka:

• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi, ngakumbi emva kokunxibelelana nomntu onentsholongwane okanye okrokrelwayo;
• Gwema indawo ezivaliweyo nezixineneyo, kuba kwezi ndawo le ntsholongwane inokusasazeka ngokulula kwaye ifikelele kwinani elikhulu labantu;
• Nxiba iimaski zakho zokuzikhusela ukugubungela impumlo nomlomo kwaye ngakumbi ukunqanda ukuhanjiswa kwabanye abantu. Kwimimandla enomngcipheko ophezulu wosulelo kunye nabaqeqeshi bezempilo abakhathalela abantu abane-coronavirus ekrokrelwayo, ukusetyenziswa kweemaski ze-N95, N100, FFP2 okanye ze-FFP3 kuyacetyiswa.
• Kulumkele ukunxibelelana nezilwanyana zasendle okanye ngubani obonakala egula, kuba usulelo lunokwenzeka phakathi kwezilwanyana nabantu;
• Gwema ukwabelana ngezinto zakho anokuba namathontsi amathe, umzekelo, njengokusika kunye neiglasi.

Ukongeza, njengendlela yokuthintela ukosuleleka, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uphuhlisa kwaye uzalisekise amanyathelo okujonga ukukrokrela kunye namatyala osulelo lwe-coronavirus ukuze kuqondwe ubundlobongela bentsholongwane kunye nendlela yokuhambisa. Jonga ezinye iindlela zokuphepha ukufumana i-coronavirus.

Funda ngakumbi ngale ntsholongwane kule vidiyo ilandelayo:

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukubamba intsholongwane ngaphezulu kwesinye?

Kukho, enyanisweni, iimeko ezixeliweyo zabantu abafumene intsholongwane okwesibini emva kosulelo lokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, kwaye ngokwe-CDC^[7], umngcipheko wokubamba i-COVID-19 kwakhona usezantsi kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiintsuku ezingama-90 zokuqala emva kosulelo lokuqala. Kungenxa yokuba umzimba uvelisa izilwa-buhlungu eziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwendalo kwintsholongwane, ubuncinci kwiintsuku ezingama-90 zokuqala.